Role of small molecules and nanoparticles in effective inhibition of microbial biofilms: A ray of hope in combating microbial resistance.

Microbial biofilms pose a severe threat to global health, as they are associated with deadly chronic infections and antibiotic resistance. To date, very few drugs are in clinical practice that specifically target microbial biofilms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic options targeting biofilm-related infections.

On Certain Degree Based and Bond-additive Topological Indices of Dodeca-benzo-circumcorenene.

Background: Chemical graph theory has been used to mathematically model the various physical and biological aspects of chemical substances. A mathematical formulation that may be applied to any graph and can characterise a molecule structure is known as a topological index or molecular descriptor.

Method: It is convenient and efficient to analyse the mathematical values and further research on various physical properties of a molecule based on these molecular descriptors.

Vertical pathway inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases and BAD with synergistic efficacy in triple negative breast cancer.

Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling axis along with the sustained phosphorylation of downstream BAD is associated with a poor outcome of TNBC. Herein, the phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated ratio of BAD, an effector of PI3K/AKT promoting cell survival, was observed to be correlated with worse clinicopathologic indicators of outcome, including higher grade, higher proliferative index and lymph node metastasis. The structural optimization of a previously reported inhibitor of BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation was therefore achieved to generate a small molecule inhibiting the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser99 with enhanced potency and improved oral bioavailability.

Investigation of the molecular basis of halogenated Schiff base derivative by combined crystallographic and computational studies.

Halogenated Schiff base derivatives are gaining more popularity in supramolecular chemistry due to the synergistic effect of hydrogen and halogen-based noncovalent interactions, which helps to design novel therapeutic materials. In this work, we have examined the nature of molecular interactions to investigate the structure-functional relationship of a halogen-based derivative. The FTIR, HRMS and NMR spectroscopic techniques confirmed the formation of the desired novel Schiff base compound.

The evolution of centriole degradation in mouse sperm.

Centrioles are subcellular organelles found at the cilia base with an evolutionarily conserved structure and a shock absorber-like function. In sperm, centrioles are found at the flagellum base and are essential for embryo development in basal animals. Yet, sperm centrioles have evolved diverse forms, sometimes acting like a transmission system, as in cattle, and sometimes becoming dispensable, as in house mice.

Naja naja snake venom-induced local toxicities in mice is by inflammasome activation.

Snake bite envenomation causes tissue damage resulting in acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Inflammasome activation is one of the factors involved in tissue damage in a mouse model of snake envenomation. The present study examines the potency of Indian Big Four snake venoms in the activation of inflammasome and its role in local and systemic tissue toxicity.

Alternative Approach to Access 5-Hydroxy-1H-pyrrol-2-(5H)-ones from Base-Induced Tandem Intramolecular Cyclization of Sulfur Ylide with Ketones and 1,3-Hydroxy Rearrangement.

An easily adaptable protocol for the preparation of 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-ones from readily available starting materials has been reported. The reaction of sulfur ylides with carbonyl compounds is a common approach to synthesizing epoxides. Alternatively, we have developed a method with mild reaction conditions wherein sulfur ylide underwent an intramolecular cyclization with a ketonic carbonyl group in a highly efficient way and was followed by 1,3-hydroxy rearrangement to produce 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-ones in excellent yields.

An investigation on polymers for shielding of cosmic radiation for lunar exploration.

In outer space, we find many types of radiations that are due to solar flares, radiation belt, cosmic rays, etc. We are fortunate enough to be protected from these radiations on the surface of the Earth, whereas in other celestial objects such as planets and satellites, without a protecting atmosphere, penetration of radiation that may be ionising or non-ionising is inevitable. Hence, studying radiation environment and its effect on such celestial objects is very important for establishing facilities such as satellites, payloads, vehicles and human exploration.

Distribution of U and 210PO in groundwater of Kodagu district, Karnataka, India.

Trace amounts of uranium along with its decay products are found in varying levels in natural soil, rocks, water and air. They are a matter of significant concern due to their carcinogenic nature. In the present work, the distribution of U and 210Po in groundwater of Kodagu District, Karnataka, India, was studied.

Fabrication of cadmium chloride PVA polymer composite for γ-ray shielding.

Reducing the effect of exposure to radiation in places such as radiation labs, nuclear reactors, radiotherapy facilities, industries involving radiation, etc., is essential for the health of radiation workers. In such cases materials having flexibility added with high attenuation coefficient of radiation is required for manufacturing wearables.

Effect of Subtitles on Gaze Behavior during Shot Changes: An Eye-tracking Study.

The study provides a comprehensive picture of the effect of subtitles on the gaze behavior of the participants while watching continuity editing and discontinuity editing style cinema. Three video clips (with English subtitles and without subtitles) of continuity editing and discontinuity editing styles were presented to participants. The video clips came from English movies and the participants were not native English speakers.

Perusal on the role of DMF solvent and hydrogen bonding in the formation of 1D polymeric chains in mixed ligand Ni(II) complex as an anticancer agent: a computational approach.

A novel mixed ligand Ni(II) metal complex has been investigated for the modification in structural conformation, coordination bond, and noncovalent interactions. The novel Ni(II) metal complex [Ni(TFPB)(1,10-Ph)(DMF)] has been synthesized and structurally characterized, which featured six coordination with three bidentate ligands connected through oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The single-crystal X-ray analysis showed that the compound possessed octahedral geometry and C-H…F, C-H…O, and π…π intermolecular interactions resulting in the formation of supramolecular architecture contributed significantly towards the crystal packing and molecular stability.

Cisgenics and intragenics: boon or bane for crop improvement.

Recent advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have made it possible to increase agricultural yields when compared to conventional methods. However, lots of challenges are to be addressed due to changing climatic conditions. Although genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have proven their potential in a few crops, but needs to be explored in majority of the field/vegetable crops to overcome food and nutritional security in view of alarming population explosion.

Synthesis of p-CuO/n-ZnO heterostructure by microwave hydrothermal method and evaluation of its photo and bio-catalytic performance.

The use of photocatalysts without noble metals is of great interest in the industrial field for the degradation of organic pollutants. In this study, a CuO/ZnO heterostructure was synthesized using the microwave hydrothermal method and characterized using various analytical techniques. The synthesized CuO/ZnO photocatalyst exhibited a low bandgap energy of 2.

, a putative octopamine biosynthesis pathway gene is required for negative geotactic motor function in .

gene annotated as CG12673 in the genome of has been predicted to code for a protein with putative function in octopamine biosynthesis. The expression pattern and the biological function of the gene awaits investigation. The present study is the first report where we describe its expression in the late pupal brain as depicted by enhancer-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression.

Leonurine ameliorates the STAT3 pathway through the upregulation of SHP-1 to retard the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that directs the transcription of genes involved in the promotion of cell survival and proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. Overactivation of STAT3 is often witnessed in human cancers, thereby making it a good target in oncology. Herein the efficacy of Leonurine (Leo), a bioactive alkaloid present in Herba leonuri, was investigated for its STAT3-inhibitory potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Kenaf Seed Cysteine Protease (KSCP) Inhibits the Intrinsic Pathway of the Blood Coagulation Cascade and Platelet Aggregation.

Background: Thrombosis is the key event that obstructs the flow of blood throughout the circulatory system, leading to stroke, myocardial infarction and severe cardiovascular complications. Currently, available antithrombotic drugs trigger several life-threatening side effects.

Introduction: Antithrombotic agents from natural sources devoid of adverse effects are grabbing high attention.

Efficient Oil Spill Uptake Using Surface-Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles with PET Waste Derivatives.

This work deals with poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste as a precursor to synthesize new cross-linked poly(ionic liquids) (CLPILs). The newly synthesized CLPILs, VPCT-Cl and VPCT-AA, were used for magnetite nanoparticle surface modification, producing VCL/FeO and VAA/FeO, respectively. The chemical structures of the CLPILs and surface-modified FeO were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction.

Construction of an Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diagnostic and Therapeutic Molecular Network Using Multi-Layer Network Analysis, a Fuzzy Logic Model, and Deep Learning Techniques: Are Retinal and Brain Neurodegenerative Disorders Related?

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the elderly. The current management of nAMD is limited and involves regular intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF). However, the effectiveness of these treatments is limited by overlapping and compensatory pathways leading to unresponsiveness to anti-VEGF treatments in a significant portion of nAMD patients.

Fluorinated azoles as effective weapons in fight against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its SAR studies.

The rapid spread of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its difficult-to-treat skin and filmsy diseases are making MRSA a threat to human life. The most dangerous feature is the fast emergence of MRSA resistance to all recognized antibiotics, including vancomycin. The creation of novel, effective, and non-toxic drug candidates to combat MRSA isolates is urgently required.

Anti-Cancer Properties of Flaxseed Proteome.

Flaxseed has been recognized as a valuable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, including proteins that possess various health benefits. In recent years, studies have shown that flaxseed proteins, including albumins, globulins, glutelin, and prolamins, possess anti-cancer properties. These properties are attributed to their ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and interfere with cancer cell signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the inhibition of metastasis.

Synthesis, molecular docking, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluation of thiophene-pyrazole candidates as COX, 5-LOX, and TNF-α inhibitors.

The thiophene bearing pyrazole derivatives (7a-j) were synthesized and examined for their in vitro cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and tumour inducing factor-α inhibitory activities followed by the in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and ulcerogenic evaluations. The synthesized series (7a-j) were characterized using H NMR, C NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectral analysis. Initially, the compounds (7a-j) were evaluated for their in vitro cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, and tumour inducing factor-α inhibitory activities and the compound (7f) with two phenyl substituents in the pyrazole ring and chloro substituent in the thiophene ring and the compound (7g) with two phenyl substituents in the pyrazole ring and bromo substituent in the thiophene ring were observed as potent compounds among the series.