Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics illuminate bat immunity and barrier tissue evolution.

Bats have adapted to pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including increased resistance - rapid pathogen elimination, and tolerance - limiting tissue damage following infection. In the Egyptian fruit bat (an important model in comparative immunology) several mechanisms conferring disease tolerance were discovered, but mechanisms underpinning resistance remain poorly understood. Previous studies on other species suggested that elevated basal expression of innate immune genes may lead to increased resistance to infection.

Exploring auxiliary liver transplantation in the era of transplant oncology - A proposal for a new liver splitting program (ALERT-50).

Total hepatectomy and liver transplantation has emerged as a game-changing strategy in the treatment of several liver-confined primary or metastatic tumors, opening the new era of transplant oncology. However, the expansion of indications is going to worsen the chronic scarcity of organs, and new strategies are needed to enlarge the donor pool. A possible source of organs could be developing split liver transplantation (SLT) programs.

Endovascular robotics: technical advances and future directions.

Endovascular interventions excel in treating cardiovascular diseases in a minimally invasive manner, showing improved outcomes over open techniques. However, challenges related to precise navigation - still relying on 2D fluoroscopy - persist. This review examines the role of robotics, highlighting commercial and research platforms, while exploring emerging trends like MRI compatibility, enhanced navigation, and autonomy.

Early Recognition and Intervention in SIBlingS at High Risk for Neurodevelopment Disorders (ERI-SIBS): a controlled trial of an innovative and ecological intervention for siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: It has been widely demonstrated that siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of abnormal developmental trajectories. In response to this, early recognition protocols have been developed worldwide, aiming to promote early interventions that can positively impact the neurodevelopment of this population. This paper presents the protocol of a controlled trial: ERI-SIBS (Early Recognition and Intervention in SIBlingS at High Risk for Neurodevelopment Disorders) is an innovative and ecological early recognition and intervention program designed specifically for siblings of children with ASD.

Intensified Induction Therapy for Newly Diagnosed, Localized Skeletal Ewing Sarcoma (ISG/AIEOP EW-1): A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3, Non-Inferiority Trial.

Background: Several studies have shown that the intensity of treatment in Ewing sarcoma has an impact on outcome. The present trial tested the non-inferiority of intensive, shorter, induction chemotherapy (25 weeks total treatment time) compared to the standard treatment (37 weeks) in non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma (ES) at onset.

Procedure: This national, multicenter, parallel, randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority, phase III trial was conducted in 14 specialized hospitals in Italy.

Impact of calreticulin mutations on treatment and survival outcomes in myelofibrosis during ruxolitinib therapy.

Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are detected in around 20% of patients with primary and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (MF). Regardless of driver mutations, patients with splenomegaly and symptoms are generally treated with JAK2-inhibitors, most commonly ruxolitinib. Recently, new therapies specifically targeting the CALR mutant clone have entered clinical investigation.

Transperitoneal versus low anterior access single-port pyeloplasty: surgical and functional outcomes from a tertiary referral center.

Background: Transperitoneal approach to robot-assisted pyeloplasty (RAP) have been preferred in the last decades because of the use of multi-port robotic platforms. However, this approach is linked to notable issues, such as pneumoperitoneum and lateral decubitus position, which is associated with potential soft tissues injuries, and it is a time-consuming procedure. Single-port (SP) platform was introduced to potentially address these issues.

Unmet needs in the management of patients with bilateral synchronous renal masses: the rationale for clinical decision-making.

Background: Bilateral synchronous renal masses (BSRMs) are a rare finding, and the optimal treatment strategy remains undetermined. This study depicts the management of BSRM at eight European high-volume centers.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospective institutional databases collecting all patients presenting with clinical T1-2 N0 M0 BSRMs between 1993 and 2020 at 8 tertiary referral high-volume centers for renal cancer treatment in Europe.

Impact of Pre-Treatment Comorbidity Burden on Survival in Patients Receiving Venetoclax Plus Hypomethylating Agents.

Expectation of survival of patients receiving HMA + VEN is influenced by pre-treatment comorbidity burden.

Response of native (Quercus robur L.) and alien (Quercus rubra L.) species to water stress and nutrient input in European temperate ecosystems.

Drought and nutrient-poor soils can increase the invasive potential of non-native species, further changing the ecosystems they invade. The high adaptability of these alien species, especially in their efficient use of resources, improves their resilience against abiotic stress. Here, we evaluated the response of the North American Quercus rubra L.

Biologics as well as inhaled anti-asthmatic therapy achieve clinical remission: Evidence from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI).

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of severe asthma (SA) treatments after 12 months in achieving clinical remission (CR) within the context of the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) using the recent SANI definition of CR on treatment.

Methods: CR has been defined by SANI as complete, partial, and no CR. Complete CR is defined by the absence of oral corticosteroids (OCS), no symptoms, no exacerbations, and stable lung function, and partial CR requires the absence of OCS and the fulfillment of 2 out of the other 3 criteria.

Non-surgical management of gingival cleft.

The aims of the present case report are to describe the non-surgical management in addition to hyaluronic acid application of two gingival recessions with cleft and to perform a narrative review on the newest evidence of non-surgical treatment of gingival recessions. A 47-year-old female patient with dentine hypersensitivity and pain during brushing has type 1 gingival recession with red Stillman's cleft on 1.4 and 1.

Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S alters differently sexual behavior and kisspeptin system in mice.

The effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a highly diffused endocrine-disrupting chemical found mainly in plastics, on neural circuits and behaviors are well-known. However, the effects of its substitutes have not been fully investigated. Thus, in the present study, we compare the effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S (BPS) on reproductive behaviors and related hypothalamic kisspeptin system in mice.

Anterior Tibial Tubercle Internal Torsion Osteotomy (ATTITO) in Patient with Patellar Instability.

Anterior tibial tuberosity osteotomy is a well-described therapeutic option for the treatment of patellar instability. External torsion of the anterior tibial tuberosity can be one of several factors that adversely affect the patellofemoral joint and its stability. The Anterior Tibial Tubercle Internal Torsion Osteotomy (ATTITO) allows the correction of excessive external torsion of the tibial tuberosity in a safe and reproducible manner.

Autoplanning in the setting of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer.

Purpose: Automatic planning (AP) has been compared to manual planning (MP) in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to validate the former and to implement it in clinical practice.

Methods: A new developing Guided Planning System (GPS) engine was used to reoptimize 20 lung SBRT plans with the RayStation™ treatment planning system (TPS). The original manual plans were optimized to deliver 60 Gy in 5 or 8 fractions to the target with constraints on organs at risk (OARs) based on an internal protocol.

Advancing treatment choices: CDK4/6 inhibitor switching in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) use has revolutionized the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. The choice of a specific CDK4/6i may be influenced by adverse events (AEs). Recently, the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) approved the possibility of switching between CDK4/6i for unacceptable toxicity.

Incidence of hospital-acquired infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in critically ill patients in Italy: a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria, including Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), are common causes of infections in intensive care units (ICUs) in Italy.

Objective: This prospective observational study evaluated the epidemiology, management, microbiological characterization, and outcomes of hospital-acquired CRE or CRPA infections treated in selected ICUs in Italy.

Methods: The study included patients with hospital-acquired infections due to CRE and CRPA treated in 20 ICUs from June 2021 to February 2023.

Oxytocin levels in response to CRH administration in hypopituitarism and hypothalamic damage: a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

Increasing evidence supports the presence of oxytocin deficiency (OXT-D) in patients with hypopituitarism and hypothalamic damage (HHD), that might be associated with neuropsychological deficits and sexual dysfunction, leading to worse quality of life (QoL). Therefore, identifying a provocative test to diagnose an OXT-D will be important. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a candidate for such a test as it increases oxytocin secretion in animal models.

Outcomes after medical treatment for primary aldosteronism: an international consensus and analysis of treatment response in an international cohort.

Background: Primary aldosteronism can be treated medically but there is no standardised method to evaluate treatment outcomes. We aimed to develop criteria for assessing the outcomes of targeted medical treatment of primary aldosteronism, analyse outcomes across an international cohort, and identify factors associated with a complete treatment response.

Methods: An international panel of 31 primary aldosteronism experts used the Delphi method to reach consensus on the definition of complete, partial, or absent biochemical and clinical outcomes of medical treatment of primary aldosteronism.

ECG-Gated Cardiac Multidetector CT Evaluation of the Normal Pulmonary Valve and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in Dogs.

With the advancement in imaging technology, ECG-gated cardiac multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has emerged as a tool for the anatomic evaluation of the pulmonary valve and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in human medicine. Currently, the evaluation of the pulmonary valve relies primarily on echocardiographic examination. However, the bi-dimensional nature of this technique and the location/orientation of the pulmonary valve in the thoracic cavity can pose challenges.

Concurrent RB1 and P53 pathway disruption predisposes to the development of a primitive neuronal component in high-grade gliomas depending on MYC-driven EBF3 transcription.

The foremost feature of glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent malignant brain tumours in adults, is a remarkable degree of intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity reflecting the coexistence within the tumour bulk of different cell populations displaying distinctive genetic and transcriptomic profiles. GBM with primitive neuronal component (PNC), recently identified by DNA methylation-based classification as a peculiar GBM subtype (GBM-PNC), is a poorly recognized and aggressive GBM variant characterised by nodules containing cells with primitive neuronal differentiation along with conventional GBM areas. In addition, the presence of a PNC component has been also reported in IDH-mutant high-grade gliomas (HGGs), and to a lesser extent to other HGGs, suggesting that regardless from being IDH-mutant or IDH-wildtype, peculiar genetic and/or epigenetic events may contribute to the phenotypic skewing with the emergence of the PNC phenotype.