The Application of an Intelligent -Harvesting Device Based on FES-YOLOv5s.

To address several challenges, including low efficiency, significant damage, and high costs, associated with the manual harvesting of , in this study, a machine vision-based intelligent harvesting device was designed according to its agronomic characteristics and morphological features. This device mainly comprised a frame, camera, truss-type robotic arm, flexible manipulator, and control system. The FES-YOLOv5s deep learning target detection model was used to accurately identify and locate .

SQM Ageing and Atmospheric Conditions: How Do They Affect the Long-Term Trend of Night Sky Brightness Measurements?

The most widely used radiance sensor for monitoring Night Sky Brightness (NSB) is the Sky Quality Meter (SQM), making its measurement stability fundamental. A method using the Sun as a calibrator was applied to analyse the quality of the measures recorded in the Veneto Region (Italy) and at La Silla (Chile). The analysis mainly revealed a tendency toward reductions in measured NSB due to both instrument ageing and atmospheric variations.

An Embodied Intelligence System for Coal Mine Safety Assessment Based on Multi-Level Large Language Models.

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through advanced large language model (LLM) technologies, is reshaping coal mine safety assessment methods with its powerful cognitive capabilities. Given the dynamic, multi-source, and heterogeneous characteristics of data in typical mining scenarios, traditional manual assessment methods are limited in their information processing capacity and cost-effectiveness. This study addresses these challenges by proposing an embodied intelligent system for mine safety assessment based on multi-level large language models (LLMs) for multi-source sensor data.

Dynamic Interferometry for Freeform Surface Measurement Based on Machine Learning-Configured Deformable Mirror.

Optical freeform surfaces are widely used in imaging and non-imaging systems due to their high design freedom. In freeform surface manufacturing and assembly, dynamic freeform surface measurement that can guide the next operation remains a challenge. To meet this urgent need, we propose a dynamic interferometric method based on a machine learning-configured deformable mirror (DM).

Design of Microstrip Antenna Integrating 24 GHz and 77 GHz Compact High-Gain Arrays.

The swift advancement of contemporary communication technology, along with the development of radar systems, has raised the requirements for antenna systems. In this work, an integrated array antenna operating in the 24 GHz and 77 GHz frequency bands is proposed. The microstrip antenna array element uses a width reduction approach to reduce its volume by 39.

Design of a Cost-Effective Ultrasound Force Sensor and Force Control System for Robotic Extra-Body Ultrasound Imaging.

Ultrasound imaging is widely valued for its safety, non-invasiveness, and real-time capabilities but is often limited by operator variability, affecting image quality and reproducibility. Robot-assisted ultrasound may provide a solution by delivering more consistent, precise, and faster scans, potentially reducing human error and healthcare costs. Effective force control is crucial in robotic ultrasound scanning to ensure consistent image quality and patient safety.

A Dual-Channel and Frequency-Aware Approach for Lightweight Video Instance Segmentation.

Video instance segmentation, a key technology for intelligent sensing in visual perception, plays a key role in automated surveillance, robotics, and smart cities. These scenarios rely on real-time and efficient target-tracking capabilities for accurate perception and intelligent analysis of dynamic environments. However, traditional video instance segmentation methods face complex models, high computational overheads, and slow segmentation speeds in time-series feature extraction, especially in resource-constrained environments.

Novel RFID Multi-Label Network Location Measurement by Dual CCD and Non-Local Means-Harris Algorithm.

To improve the performance of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) multi-label systems, the multi-label network structure needs to be quickly located and optimized. A multi-label location measurement method based on the NLM-Harris algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, multi-label geometric distribution images are obtained through a label image acquisition system of a multi-label semi-physical simulation platform with two vertical Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) cameras, and Gaussian noise is added to the image to simulate thermoelectric interference.

Incremental Structure from Motion for Small-Scale Scenes Based on Auxiliary Calibration.

Scarce feature points are a critical limitation affecting the accuracy and stability of incremental structure from motion (SfM) in small-scale scenes. In this paper, we propose an incremental SfM method for small-scale scenes, combined with an auxiliary calibration plate. This approach increases the number of feature points in sparse regions, and we randomly generate feature points within those areas.

Multi-Structure-Based Refractive Index Sensor and Its Application in Temperature Sensing.

In this paper, a new sensor structure is designed, which consists of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and a circular protrusion and a rectangular triangular cavity (CPRTC). The characterization of nanoscale sensors is considered using an approximate numerical method (finite element method). The simulation results show that the sharp asymmetric resonance generated by the interaction between the discrete narrow-band mode and the continuous wideband mode is called Fano resonance.

Benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b']dithiophene-4,5-diamine: A New Fluorescent Probe for the High-Sensitivity and Real-Time Visual Monitoring of Phosgene.

The detection of highly toxic chemicals such as phosgene is crucial for addressing the severe threats to human health and public safety posed by terrorist attacks and industrial mishaps. However, timely and precise monitoring of phosgene at a low cost remains a significant challenge. This work is the first to report a novel fluorescent system based on the Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) effect, which can rapidly detect phosgene in both solution and gas phases with high sensitivity by integrating a benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b']dithiophene-4,5-diamine (BDTA) probe.

Blockchain-Facilitated Cybersecurity for Ubiquitous Internet of Things with Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: A Survey.

This article presents a systematic review on blockchain-facilitated cybersecurity solutions for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN). First, we identify the objectives and the context of the blockchain-based solutions for SAGIN. Although, typically, the blockchain is primarily used to enhance the trustworthiness of some systems or operations, it is necessary to document exactly in what context the blockchain is used that is specific to the IoT and SAGIN.

Partial Discharge Detection from Large Motor Stator Slots Using EFPI Sensors.

This study addresses the challenges of electromagnetic interference and unstable signal transmission encountered by traditional sensors in detecting partial discharge (PD) within stator slots of large motors. A novel Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer (EFPI) sensor with a vibration-coupling air gap was designed to enhance the narrowband resonant detection sensitivity for PD ultrasonic signals by optimizing the diaphragm structure and coupling interface. The sensor features a quartz diaphragm with a thickness of 20 μM, an effective constrained radius of 0.

An End-To-End Speech Recognition Model for the North Shaanxi Dialect: Design and Evaluation.

The coal mining industry in Northern Shaanxi is robust, with a prevalent use of the local dialect, known as "Shapu", characterized by a distinct Northern Shaanxi accent. This study addresses the practical need for speech recognition in this dialect. We propose an end-to-end speech recognition model for the North Shaanxi dialect, leveraging the Conformer architecture.

Path Planning Algorithm for Manipulators in Complex Scenes Based on Improved RRT.

Aiming at the problems of a six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm in a three-dimensional multi-obstacle space, such as low sampling efficiency and path search failure, an improved fast extended random tree (RRT*) algorithm for robotic arm path planning method (abbreviated as HP-APF-RRT*) is proposed. The algorithm generates multiple candidate points per iteration, selecting a sampling point probabilistically based on heuristic values, thereby optimizing sampling efficiency and reducing unnecessary nodes. To mitigate increased search times in obstacle-dense areas, an artificial potential field (APF) approach is integrated, establishing gravitational and repulsive fields to guide sampling points around obstacles toward the target.

A Combined Frame Difference and Convolution Method for Moving Vehicle Detection in Satellite Videos.

To address the challenges of missed detections caused by insufficient shape and texture features and blurred boundaries in existing detection methods, this paper introduces a novel moving vehicle detection approach for satellite videos. The proposed method leverages frame difference and convolution to effectively integrate spatiotemporal information. First, a frame difference module (FDM) is designed, combining frame difference and convolution.

Cardioneuroablation in the Management of Vagally Mediated Bradyarrhythmias-A Comprehensive Review of Ongoing Randomized Controlled Trials.

Cardioneuroablation is a rapidly developing procedure for the treatment of vagally mediated bradyarrhythmias. However, the lack of multicenter, randomized trials prevents it from being included in bradyarrhythmia treatment guidelines. So far, only one small, randomized study has been published assessing the effectiveness of this method in the treatment of reflex syncope.

Diagnostic Challenges of Medullary Carcinoma of the Small Intestine During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

: Medullary carcinoma of the small intestine is an exceptionally rare subtype of gastrointestinal cancer, characterized by its solid growth pattern and lack of glandular structures, which complicate timely diagnosis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, diagnostic delays for rare cancers became increasingly common due to the prioritization of COVID-related cases and patient reluctance to seek medical attention. : We present the case of a 70-year-old male initially misdiagnosed with COVID-19, whose persistent symptoms led to the eventual discovery of medullary carcinoma.

Dissolution Mechanism of YbOF in (LiF-CaF) Molten Salt.

The dissolution mechanism of YbOF in a fluoride-containing (LiF-CaF) molten salt is the basis for analyzing the structure of the resulting medium and optimizing the electrolytic preparation of rare-earth Yb alloys. In this study, isothermal saturation was used to analyze solubility changes of YbOF in the (LiF-CaF). system.

-Derived Near-Infrared Carbon Dots for Bioimaging and Antimicrobial Applications.

The use of biomass feedstocks for producing high-value-added chemicals is gaining significant attention in the academic community. In this study, near-infrared carbon dots (NIR-CDs) with antimicrobial and bioimaging functions were prepared from branches and leaves using a novel green synthesis approach. The spectral properties of the synthesized NIR-CDs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Luminescent Lanthanide Infinite Coordination Polymers for Ratiometric Sensing Applications.

Ratiometric lanthanide coordination polymers (Ln-CPs) are advanced materials that combine the unique optical properties of lanthanide ions (e.g., Eu, Tb, Ce) with the structural flexibility and tunability of coordination polymers.

Mechanism and Characterization of Bicomponent-Filler-Reinforced Natural Rubber Latex Composites: Experiment and Molecular Dynamics (MD).

The incorporation of reinforcing fillers into natural rubber latex (NR) to achieve superior elasticity and mechanical properties has been widely applied across various fields. However, the tendency of reinforcing fillers to agglomerate within NR limits their potential applications. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-silica (SiO)/NR composites were prepared using a solution blending method, aiming to enhance the performance of NR composites through the synergistic effects of dual-component fillers.

Achieving a Near-Infrared Absorption by A-DA'D-A Type Isoindigo-Based Small Molecular Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics.

Isoindigo (IID)-based non-fullerene acceptors, known for their broad absorption spectra and high charge carrier mobilities, play a crucial role in organic photovoltaics. In this study, two A-DA'D-A type unfused ring acceptors (URAs), IDC8CP-IC and IDC6CP-IC, were designed and synthesized using cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and IID core units, each functionalized with different alkyl chains (2-hexyldecyl and 2-octyldodecyl), through an atom- and step-efficient direct C-H arylation (DACH) method. Both URAs, despite the absence of non-covalent conformation locking between CPDT and IID, demonstrated favorable molecular planarity, broad absorption ranges, low band gaps, and high molar absorption coefficients.

A Photocontrolled Molecular Rotor Based on Azobenzene-Strapped Mixed (Phthalocyaninato)(Porphyrinato) Rare Earth Triple-Decker.

Effectively regulating the rotary motions of molecular rotors through external stimuli poses a tremendous challenge. Herein, a new type of molecular rotor based on azobenzene-strapped mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) rare earth triple-decker complex is reported. Electronic absorption and H NMR spectra manifested the reversible isomerization of the rotor between the configuration and the configuration.

Proteome-Wide Identification and Comparison of Drug Pockets for Discovering New Drug Indications and Side Effects.

Drug development faces significant financial and time challenges, highlighting the need for more efficient strategies. This study evaluated the druggability of the entire human proteome using Fpocket. We identified 15,043 druggable pockets in 20,255 predicted protein structures, significantly expanding the estimated druggable proteome from 3000 to over 11,000 proteins.