An Approach to Reduce Tuning Sensitivity in the PIC-Based Optoelectronic Oscillator by Controlling the Phase Shift in Its Feedback Loop.

Radio photonic technologies have emerged as a promising solution for addressing microwave frequency synthesis challenges in current and future communication and sensing systems. One particularly effective approach is the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), a simple and cost-effective electro-optical system. The OEO can generate microwave signals with low phase noise and high oscillation frequencies, often outperforming traditional electrical methods.

A Comparative Review: Biological Safety and Sustainability of Metal Nanomaterials Without and with Machine Learning Assistance.

In recent years, metal nanomaterials and nanoproducts have been developed intensively, and they are now widely applied across various sectors, including energy, aerospace, agriculture, industry, and biomedicine. However, nanomaterials have been identified as potentially toxic, with the toxicity of metal nanoparticles posing significant risks to both human health and the environment. Therefore, the toxicological risk assessment of metal nanomaterials is essential to identify and mitigate potential adverse effects.

Planar Two-Dimensional Vibration Isolator Based on Compliant Mechanisms.

In practical engineering applications, the vibration is often generated in various directions and can be harmful to the engineering equipment. Thus, it is necessary to develop vibration isolators that can reduce vibration in multiple directions. In this paper, we propose a planar two-dimensional vibration isolator based on compliant mechanisms.

Order in Chaos: Lesser-Conserved and Repeat Structures in Dehydrins.

Dehydrins (Dhns) are a group of intrinsically disordered land plant proteins that are closely associated with tolerance of dehydrative stress. Dhns are recognized and classified by the presence and sequence of five different conserved segments, varying in length from 8 to 15 residues, separated by highly variable disordered regions. In addition to one or more copies of the diagnostic, fifteen-residue K segment, most Dhns can be classified into one of three major groups based on the mutually exclusive presence of three other conserved segments (H, Y, or F), with all three groups typically incorporating multi-serine S segments.

Pseudotyped Viruses: A Useful Platform for Pre-Clinical Studies Conducted in a BSL-2 Laboratory Setting.

The study of pathogenic viruses has always posed significant biosafety challenges. In particular, the study of highly pathogenic viruses requires methods with low biological risk but relatively high sensitivity and convenience in detection. In recent years, pseudoviruses, which consist of a backbone of one virus and envelope proteins of another virus, have become one of the most widely used tools for exploring the mechanisms of viruses binding to cells, membrane fusion and viral entry, as well as for screening the libraries of antiviral substances, evaluating the potential of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, developing neutralization tests, and therapeutic platforms.

Probing the Dual Role of Ca in the LH1-RC Complex by Constructing and Analyzing Ca-Bound and Ca-Free LH1 Complexes.

The genome of the mildly thermophilic hot spring purple sulfur bacterium, (.) , contains a multigene family that encodes a series of α- and β-polypeptides, collectively forming a heterogeneous light-harvesting 1 (LH1) complex. The LH1, therefore, offers a unique model for studying an intermediate phenotype between phototrophic thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria, particularly regarding their LH1 transition and moderately enhanced thermal stability.

Sigma-1 Receptor Modulates CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain via Sodium Channels in Small DRG Neurons.

The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) has emerged as a significant target in the realm of pain management and has been the subject of extensive research. Nonetheless, its specific function in inflammatory pain within dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons remains inadequately elucidated. This study utilized whole-cell patch clamp techniques, single-cell real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry to examine the influence of Sig-1R on inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in a rat model.

The Change of Skeletal Muscle Caused by Inflammation in Obesity as the Key Path to Fibrosis: Thoughts on Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies.

Obesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state throughout the body, with increased infiltration of immune cells and inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle tissue, and, at the same time, the level of intracellular mitochondrial oxidative stress rises. Meanwhile, obesity is closely related to the development of skeletal muscle fibrosis and can affect the metabolic function of skeletal muscle, triggering metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether there is a mutual regulatory effect between the two pathological states of inflammation and fibrosis in obese skeletal muscle and the specific molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting and Principal Component Analysis Strategies Lead to Anti-Tuberculosis Natural Product Discovery from Actinomycetes.

Background: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) underscores the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents.

Methods: This study integrates cultivation optimization, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fingerprinting, and principal component analysis (PCA) to explore microbial secondary metabolites as potential anti-TB agents.

Results: Using the combined approach, 11 bioactive compounds were isolated and identified, all exhibiting anti- BCG activity.

Characterization of Phage Endolysin PlyDolk21.

is a significant cause of food poisoning. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, commonly used to control , are becoming less effective due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, necessitating alternative control strategies. A -infecting bacteriophage, Dolk21, and its endolysin, PlyDolk21, were isolated and characterized.

Emerging Resistance and Virulence Patterns in : Insights into Silver Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Strategy.

Background/objectives: This study aims to characterize antibiotic resistance (AR) and virulence markers in spp. isolated from Romanian outpatients' stool samples.

Methods: In 2019, community-acquired strains were collected and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, antibiotic susceptibility profiles have been determined with the MicroScan system, and soluble virulence factors were evaluated using specific culture media, while biofilm formation was quantified in 96-well plates.

Methicillin-Resistant : The Shifting Landscape in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a significant burden globally, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced rising MRSA prevalence, with increasing diversity in the clonal complexes (CCs) identified. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its increased hospitalization rates and antibiotic use, may have further influenced MRSA's genetic evolution and epidemiology in the country.

Trends in and Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance over a 5-Year Period in Southeastern Gabon.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a substantial global health concern, exacerbated by the widespread use of antibiotics and leading to the development of multidrug-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal patterns of and UTIs and antibiotic resistance, taking into account various sociodemographic, clinical, and climatic factors within the study population. A total of 3026 urine samples from patients of all ages were analyzed over a period of five years by standard microbiological methods.

Reproduction and Development in Fish: Solving Bottlenecks in Modern Aquaculture.

The aquaculture industry is home to the fastest-growing activity in the agriculture sector worldwide and is one of the leading sectors in global food production [...

Resveratrol Alleviates NEFA-Induced Oxidative Damage in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells by Restoring Mitochondrial Function.

In periparturient dairy cows, high non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) caused by a severe negative energy balance induce oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction, which pose a severe challenge to the dairy industry. Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and multiple other physiological effects. However, its effect on oxidative damage triggered by NEFAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells is rarely reported.

Correction: Yeh et al. Identification of () as a Prognostic Biomarker of Tumor Progression and Immune Evasion for Lung Cancer and Evaluation of Organosulfur Compounds from L. as Therapeutic Candidates. 2021, , 1582.

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Baicalin Mitigates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the p85a Subunit of PI3K.

Heart failure (HF) is a serious public health concern. Baicalin is one of the major active ingredients of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Huang Qin, which is used to treat patients with chest pain or cardiac discomfort. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of the cardioprotective effect of baicalin are still not fully understood.

Impact of First- and Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on the Development of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Individuals with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Analysis on Behalf of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group.

: The implementation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has brought a significant improvement in the prognosis for CML patients and a decrease in the number of patients requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Nevertheless, the impact of TKIs on allo-HCT outcomes has not been thoroughly explored. : The main endpoint of our research was to assess the impact of prior TKI treatment on acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD).

Application Strategies of Super-Enhancer RNA in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) have gradually attracted attention because they offer new directions for the treatment of CVDs. Super-enhancer RNAs (seRNAs) are a subset of non-coding RNAs that are transcribed from regions of the genome known as super enhancers, which are large clusters of enhancers with a high density of transcription factors and cofactors.

Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of Postoperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.

Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is a prevalent and debilitating complication in elderly surgical patients, characterized by persistent cognitive decline that negatively affects recovery and quality of life. As the aging population grows, the rising number of elderly surgical patients has made PND an urgent clinical challenge. Despite increasing research efforts, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PND remain inadequately characterized, underscoring the need for a more integrated framework to guide targeted interventions.

Integrated Management of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

The global incidence of atrial fibrillation is on the rise. Atrial fibrillation, a complex disease, heightens the likelihood of heart failure, stroke, and mortality, necessitating careful attention. Controlling heart rate and rhythm, addressing risk factors, and preventing strokes are fundamental in treating atrial fibrillation.

Gut Microbiota as Emerging Players in the Development of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.

The global incidence and mortality rates of alcohol-related liver disease are on the rise, reflecting a growing health concern worldwide. Alcohol-related liver disease develops due to a complex interplay of multiple reasons, including oxidative stress generated during the metabolism of ethanol, immune response activated by immunogenic substances, and subsequent inflammatory processes. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota's significant role in the progression of alcohol-related liver disease.

Knockout of Causes Inner Ear Developmental Defects in Zebrafish.

: Alternative splicing is essential for the physiological and pathological development of the inner ear. Disruptions in this process can result in both syndromic and non-syndromic forms of hearing loss. DHX38, a DEAH box RNA helicase, is integral to pre-mRNA splicing regulation and plays critical roles in development, cell differentiation, and stem cell maintenance.

Using a Hand-Held Icterometer to Screen for Neonatal Jaundice: Validation, Feasibility, and Acceptability of the Bili-Ruler in Kumasi, Ghana.

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) remains a leading cause of newborn mortality in much of sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to examine the validity of using a hand-held icterometer as a screening tool to determine which newborns need further assessment. Additionally, we sought to assess the feasibility of its use among mothers.

BC99 Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced by Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury via Nrf2/SKN-1 Pathway and Liver Metabolism Regulation.

Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) remains a significant global health concern, primarily driven by oxidative stress. This study investigated the protective mechanisms of BC99 against alcohol-induced oxidative stress using a dual model in rats and Caenorhabditis elegans. In rats, excessive alcohol was predominantly metabolized via the CYP2E1 pathway, leading to severe oxidative stress.