Accelerated Method for Determining the Fatigue Limit of Trabecular Bone.

This paper presents an experimental method for estimating the fatigue limit of trabecular bone using a single trabecular bone sample, the microstructural parameters of which were determined by microCT. Fatigue tests were carried out using the Locati method, with stepwise increasing load amplitude. The fatigue limits of the trabecular structures were determined experimentally in accordance with Miner's law of fatigue damage accumulation, based on the parameters of the reference S-N curve taken from the literature.

Effects of Thickness of the Corn Seed Coat on the Strength of Processed Biological Materials.

The strength and energy of processed biological materials depend, among others, on their properties. Despite the numerous studies available, the relationship between the internal structure of corn grains and their mechanical properties has not yet been explained. Hence, the aim of the work is to explore the relationship between the internal composition of maize kernels and its mechanical properties by studying the impact of the maize seed coat thickness on its breakage susceptibility.

Precise Crop Pest Detection Based on Co-Ordinate-Attention-Based Feature Pyramid Module.

Insect pests strongly affect crop growth and value globally. Fast and precise pest detection and counting are crucial measures in the management and mitigation of pest infestations. In this area, deep learning technologies have come to represent the method with the most potential.

Volatiles of the Predator Recognized by Its Prey (Herbst) and (Linne) as Escape Signals.

The olfactory sensory system plays vital roles in daily activities, such as locating mate partners, foraging, and risk avoidance. Natural enemies can locate their prey through characteristic volatiles. However, little is known about whether prey can recognize the volatiles of their predators and if this recognition can increase the efficiency of prey escaping from predators.

Honey Robbing: Causes, Impacts and Preventive Measures.

Honey robbing, which typically occurs during times of food scarcity, is a perilous foraging strategy for bee colonies and presents a formidable challenge in the realm of beekeeping. This article provides a comprehensive and multifaceted exploration of honey robbing, including the morphology, behavioral traits, timing, and scope of this phenomenon. This exploration elucidates the specific manifestations of honey robbing, offering readers a deeper understanding of its various facets.

Effects of Novaluron Exposure on the Oviposition and Expression of Ovarian Development Related Genes in Silkworm, (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).

(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an important economic insect, which mainly feeds on mulberry leaves and is widely used in many research fields. The growth and development of silkworm larvae are easily affected by the use of chemical insecticides such as novaluron, a benzoylurea insecticide. However, the effect of novaluron exposure on the reproduction of silkworms has not yet been studied.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Current Status and Perspective.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to devastating dysfunctions and complications, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and aggravating the burden of disease. Since the main pathological mechanism of SCI is the disruption of neuronal circuits, the primary therapeutic strategy for SCI involves reconstructing and activating circuits to restore neural signal transmission. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, can modulate the function or state of the nervous system by pulsed magnetic fields.

Quantitative Trait Loci Identification and Candidate Genes Characterization for Indole-3-Carbinol Content in Seedlings of .

is a member of the cruciferous family with rich glucosinolate (GSL) content, particularly glucobrassicin (3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate, I3M), that can be metabolized into indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound with promising anticancer properties. To unravel the genetic mechanism influencing I3C content in rapeseed seedlings, a comprehensive study was undertaken with a doubled haploid (DH) population. By quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, seven QTL that were located on A01, A07, and C04 were identified, with the most significant contribution to phenotypic variation observed on chromosome A07 (11.

Integrative Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Identifies a Macrophage-Related Prognostic Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Therapy Responses in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate. Macrophages, as a key immune cell type within the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in tumor immune evasion and the progression of CRC. Therefore, identifying macrophage biomarkers is of great significance for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.

The Role of Nutrition, Oxidative Stress, and Trace Elements in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside repetitive behaviors, and atypical sensory-motor patterns. The growing prevalence of ASD has driven substantial advancements in research aimed at understanding its etiology, preventing its onset, and mitigating its impact. This ongoing effort necessitates continuous updates to the body of knowledge and the identification of previously unexplored factors.

Cellular Senescence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Immune Microenvironment Insights via Machine Learning and In Vitro Experiments.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a leading liver tumor globally, is influenced by diverse risk factors. Cellular senescence, marked by permanent cell cycle arrest, plays a crucial role in cancer biology, but its markers and roles in the HCC immune microenvironment remain unclear. Three machine learning methods, namely k nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), are utilized to identify eight key HCC cell senescence markers (HCC-CSMs).

Ultra-Sensitive Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for Rapid Detection of All SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

The emergence of numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants, characterized by mutations in the viral RNA genome and target proteins, has presented challenges for accurate COVID-19 diagnosis. To address this, we developed universal aptamer probes capable of binding to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including highly mutated strains like Omicron. These aptamers were identified through protein-based SELEX using spike proteins from three key variants (D614G-substituted Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, and Omicron) and virus-based SELEX, known as viro-SELEX.

MicroRNA-200c in Cancer Generation, Invasion, and Metastasis.

MicroRNA-200c (miR-200c) is increasingly recognized as a crucial small RNA molecule that plays a significant and multifaceted role in the complex processes of tumor development, invasion, and metastasis across various types of cancers. Recent studies have compellingly demonstrated that miR-200c exerts its influence on tumor biology by meticulously regulating a range of critical processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell migration, all of which are essential for the progression and aggressiveness of tumors. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the expression characteristics and functional implications of miR-200c across a diverse array of tumor types, delving into its potential utility as both a biomarker for early detection and a therapeutic target in the realm of cancer treatment.

Intermediates of Hydrogen Peroxide-Assisted Photooxidation of Salicylic Acid: Their Degradation Rates and Ecotoxicological Assessment.

Accelerated photooxidation of salicylic acid (SA) was performed using UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide. HPLC-MS analysis showed that the primary intermediates are 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, pyrocatechol, and phenol. Deeper oxidation leads to low molecular weight aliphatic acids, such as maleic, fumaric, and glyoxylic.

Identification of Downregulated Gene in Parkinson's Disease Through Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis and Validation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron degeneration and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. Lipid metabolism dysfunction may contribute to PD progression. This study aims to identify lipid metabolism-related genes (LMGs) associated with PD using an integrative transcriptomic analysis of microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from patients with PD and healthy controls.

Pyrrolysine Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase as a Tool for Expanding the Genetic Code.

In addition to the 20 canonical amino acids encoded in the genetic code, there are two non-canonical ones: selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. The discovery of pyrrolysine synthetases (PylRSs) was a key event in the field of genetic code expansion research. The importance of this discovery is mainly due to the fact that the translation systems involving PylRS, pyrrolysine tRNA (tRNA) and pyrrolysine are orthogonal to the endogenous translation systems of organisms that do not use this amino acid in protein synthesis.

Methyl Jasmonate Was Involved in Hydrogen Sulfide-Alleviated Cadmium Stress in Cucumber Plants Through ROS Homeostasis and Chlorophyll Metabolism.

Cadmium (Cd), as one of the most toxic nonessential elements, severely prohibits plant growth and development. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play essential roles in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the potential mechanism of HS and MeJA in alleviating Cd stress in plants remains unclear.

Chronic Pain and Comorbid Emotional Disorders: Neural Circuitry and Neuroimmunity Pathways.

Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that not only involves persistent nociception but is also frequently accompanied by significant emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, which complicate its management and amplify its impact. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of chronic pain and emotional disturbances. Key areas of focus include the dysregulation of major neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate) and the resulting functional remodeling of critical neural circuits implicated in pain processing, emotional regulation, and reward.

Genomic Insights into Blood Pressure Regulation: Exploring Ion Channel and Transporter Gene Variations in Jordanian Hypertensive Individuals.

: Hypertension (HTN) constitutes a significant global health burden, yet the specific genetic variant responsible for blood pressure regulation remains elusive. This study investigates the genetic basis of hypertension in the Jordanian population, focusing on gene variants related to ion channels and transporters, including , , , , , , , , and . : This research involved 200 hypertensive patients and 224 healthy controls.

Differences Between Amblyopic and Fellow Eyes in Optical Coherence Tomography: A Cohort from Jordanian Population.

: Amblyopia is a condition where children undergo unilateral or bilateral vision loss due to a variety of disorders that impact the visual pathway. The assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in amblyopia has made optical coherence tomography (OCT) a useful technique for studying the pathophysiology of this condition. This study was conducted to assess OCT results for various forms of amblyopia, including macular thickness and peripapillary RNFL thickness.

The Beneficial Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Other than Their Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties.

As an incretin hormone, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has obvious effects on blood glucose regulation and weight loss. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are synthetic products that have similar effects to GLP-1 but are less prone to degradation, and they are widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In recent years, different beneficial effects of GLP-1R agonists were discovered, such as reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury, improving the function of various organs, alleviating substance use disorder, affecting tumorigenesis, regulating bone metabolism, changing gut microbiota composition, and prolonging graft survival.

Diversity and Potential Cross-Species Transmission of Rotavirus A in Wild Animals in Yunnan, China.

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary enteric pathogen of humans and many other species. However, RVA interspecies transmission remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive screening and genotyping analysis of RVA in 1706 wild animal samples collected from various regions within Yunnan Province, China.

Quorum Sensing Mediates Interaction with In Vitro.

and are opportunistic pathogens that cause severe infections in hospitals, and their co-infections are increasingly reported. The interspecies interactions between these two bacterial species and their potential impacts on infections are largely unexplored. In this study, we first demonstrated that inhibits the growth of by iron chelating via quorum sensing.

Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Alongside , , and Virulence Genes in Septicemic Using Real-Time PCR.

Sepsis is a serious worldwide health concern, and () is the main cause. This study investigates the co-expression of and , and genes in isolated from septicemic patients, aiming to clarify the interaction between virulence and resistance. This study evaluated 100 isolates from septicemic patients.

Bioremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Solution and Aged Refuse by Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: Further Insights into .

Recently, the ability of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) to remediate heavy metals has been widely explored. was selected to remediate heavy metal-contaminated solution and aged refuse, exploring the feasibility of bioremediation of heavy metals and analyzing the changes in heavy metal forms before and after bioremediation, as well as the mechanism of remediation. The results showed that achieved remediation rates of 95%, 84%, 97%, and 98% for Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cr (III) in contaminated solution, respectively.