Onsager variational principle for granular fluids.

Granular fluids, as defined by a collection of moving solid particles, is a paradigm of a dissipative system out of equilibrium. Inelastic collisions between particles is the source of dissipation, and is the origin of a transition from a gas to a liquidlike state. This transition can be triggered by an increase of the solid fraction.

Complete genome sequence of a novel iflavirus from wheat sawfly (Dolerus tritici).

Little is known about the insect viruses in wheat sawfly, Dolerus tritici, which is an important agricultural insect feeding on wheat leaves. Here, we used RNA sequencing to identify a novel single positive-strand RNA virus from the larvae of wheat sawfly collected in northern China and then determined its complete genome sequence by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The complete genome is 9,594 nt in length, including a polyA tail at its 3' terminus, and it is predicted to encode a 326.

A review of precision medicine in developing pharmaceutical products: Perspectives and opportunities.

Over the next decade, Precision Medicine (PM) is poised to become the standard of care in pharmaceutical therapy, necessitating a fundamental transformation in the design and development of innovative custom-made drug products. To date, a comprehensive review linking PM with practical personalized drug formulations is missing. This review attempts to provide an overview of state-of-the-art formulation approaches capable of translating PM evaluation and resulting recommendations (clinical research) into tailored drug products (non-clinical research) for real-world patients.

Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Weeds to the Application of a Botanical Herbicide Based on Cinnamon Essential Oil.

The use of chemical herbicides induces negative impacts on the environment, animals, and human health. It also leads to the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. In this context, natural and efficacious herbicides are highly sought after.

Low Demineralized Caseins to Replace Sodium Caseinate for Application in Whipped Creams.

Caseinate is commonly used in the dairy industry for its stabilizing properties. Its functionalities are largely due to its manufacturing process involving a high level of demineralization that induces casein precipitation. To address this, the researchers are looking for alternatives to respond to consumer demands for high-quality ingredients and increase efficiency.

2D Carbon Phosphide for Trapping Sulfur in Rechargeable Li-S Batteries: Structure Design and Interfacial Chemistry.

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries (LiSBs) assembled with earth-abundant and safe Li anodes are less prone to form dendrites on the surface, and sulfur-containing cathodes offer considerable potential for achieving high energy densities. Nevertheless, suitable sulfur host materials and their interaction with electrolytes are at present key factors that retard the commercial introduction of these batteries. Here we propose a two-dimensional metallic carbon phosphorus framework, namely, 2D CP, as a promising sulfur host material for inhibiting the shuttle effect and improving electronic conductivity in high-performance Li-S batteries.

Epidemiological Assessment of Malaria Prevalence among Children Under 5 in Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Cameroon, particularly affecting children under 5 years of age. Despite these efforts, its prevalence persists, highlighting the need for comprehensive epidemiological studies to guide interventions.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected health areas across five regions of Cameroon.

Influence of Implant Component Materials on Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Healing: A Comparative Histological and Immunohistochemical Study in Humans.

Background: Recently, the importance of peri-implant soft tissue integration quality has been recognised as an essential factor in the long-term success of dental implant rehabilitation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of three materials commonly used in implant dentistry, namely titanium (Ti), dental adhesive resin (Re) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), on the peri-implant soft tissues.

Methods: In this clinical randomised comparative study, 37 bone-level implants were placed, and experimental transmucosal healing abutments made of different materials were randomly assigned to each implant.

Effect of inulin on small extracellular vesicles microRNAs in milk from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis.

Milk contains microRNAs (miRNA) that are shielded by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Beyond variations among individuals, many factors including nutrition play a role in shaping miRNA expression profiles. This study is to explore milk-derived sEVs-miRNA variations induced by inulin supplementation in subclinical mastitis-suffering cows.

Immunomodulatory effects of inulin-type fructans from Arctium lappa L. by targeting gut microbiota and their metabolites.

This study aimed to examine the in vitro digestion properties and immunomodulatory effects of inulin-type fructans (ALP-1) from Arctium lappa L. on immunosuppressive mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that ALP-1 underwent slight degradation during gastric and intestinal fluid digestion, with most of it reaching the gut as long-chain structures.

Schmallenberg Virus, from the Necropsy Room to the Laboratory.

In a world facing significant climate changes, arboviruses are expanding into new regions. In recent decades, Western Europe has experienced multiple outbreaks of epizootic arboviruses in ruminants, including the Schmallenberg virus. This virus emerged in 2011 and spread rapidly across the continent, causing severe malformations in the central nervous systems of ruminant fetuses.

A Review on Reliable and Standardized Animal Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Schmallenberg Virus in Ruminant Natural Host Species.

In the late summer of 2011, the Netherlands reported a cluster of reduced milk yield, fever, and diarrhea in dairy cattle. In March 2012, congenital malformations appeared, and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was identified, becoming one of the few orthobunyaviruses distributed in Europe. Initially, little was known about the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these viruses in the European context, so assumptions were largely extrapolated from related viruses and other regions worldwide.

Recombinant Protein Production and Purification of Rift Valley Fever Virus Nucleoprotein from Escherichia coli Expression Systems.

The recombinant expression and purification of viral proteins are a key component in the study of the immune response of viruses, as well as the creation of diagnostic techniques for the detection of viruses. For structurally simple proteins, one commonly used technique is the production of recombinant proteins in bacterial expression systems, which enable the large-scale synthesis and purification of recombinant viral proteins. In this technique, the cDNA encoding for a viral protein is cloned into a bacterial expression vector (with an appropriate purification tag), produced in a modified bacterial culture, and optimized for maximum protein production in a minimal amount of time.

An Introduction to the Bunyaviruses.

The bunyaviruses are an ever-expanding group of RNA viruses that have been linked to a variety of different diseases around the world. First characterized nearly a century ago, over 500 different types of bunyaviruses have been characterized thus far, with hosts ranging from mammals to plants to single-celled organisms. As many of the currently described bunyaviruses have been found to be vector-borne, with transmission being mediated by either insects or rodents, these viruses have incorporated immune-evasive molecules into their relatively small genome.

An ongoing concern: 20 years of research on equine atypical myopathy.

Anne-Christine François, Benoît Renaud, Caroline-Julia Kruse, Christel Marcillaud-Pitel and Dominique-Marie Votion of the Atypical Myopathy Alert Group discuss insights from 20 years of research and surveillance on equine atypical myopathy.

Association between CACNA1A and ATP1A2 Variants are Responsible for Severe Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

and genes encode proteins forming transmembrane channels, Na/K/ATPase transporter, and voltage-gated calcium channels, respectively. Pathogenic variants in these genes are associated with hemiplegic migraines, movement disorders, and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.We report a child presenting epileptic encephalopathy with cognitive and behavioral troubles.

A Novel In Silico-Ex Vivo Model for Correlating Coating Transfer to Tissue with Local Drug-Coated Balloon-Vessel Contact Pressures.

Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) aim to deliver drug-loaded surface coating upon inflation at specific vascular sites, yet the role of inflation pressure remains to be defined. We implement a new approach combining ex vivo stamping experiments with in silico simulations to study acute coating transfer by commercial DCBs. This methodology comprises 3 essential pillars: (I) DCB resin inflation and slicing into cylindrical segments for subsequent stamping onto porcine-excised tissue, (II) Numerical inflation of a full DCB replica in an idealized porcine vessel to predict in vivo interfacial contact pressures (CPs) and subsequent interfacial-level numerical stamping to calculate appropriate benchtop forces that recreate these in vivo CP values, and (III) ex vivo stamping experiments and optical analysis of the stamped surfaces (DCB segment and arterial tissue), using a standard high-resolution camera to visualize coating.

Food Security Resilience and Humanitarian Aid in Mali: A Case Study of Bandiagara Cercle.

Mali's food security strategies focus on improving agriculture, water management, and diversifying livelihoods. While initiatives like climate-smart agriculture show promise, challenges like limited resources, market access, and political instability persist. Gender inequalities and reliance on external aid further hinder progress, making it difficult for Mali to build sustainable, self-reliant food systems and ensure long-term resilience.

Multiepitope recognition technology promotes the in-depth analysis of antibody‒drug conjugates.

The dynamic tracking of antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) in serum is crucial. However, a versatile bioanalytical platform is lacking due to serious matrix interferences, the heterogeneity and complex biotransformation of ADCs, and the recognition deficiencies of traditional affinity technologies. To overcome this, a multiepitope recognition technology (MERT) was developed by simultaneously immobilizing CDR and non-CDR ligands onto MOF@AuNPs.

A new field-test for assessing the medial and lateral hamstring strength at long-muscle length.

This research investigates the influence of tibial rotations with knee flexion (KF) on the electromyographic (EMG) activities of hamstring muscles (HM) groups and the strength ratio between the medial and lateral rotation of the tibia. A cross-sectional design was employed to assess muscle activity, isometric strength and reliability. The research was conducted in a controlled laboratory environment.

Understanding spatio-temporal complexity of vegetation using drones, what could we improve?

Unraveling the intricate spatial and temporal complexities of vegetation represents a crucial key to understanding ecosystem functioning. Drones, as cutting-edge technology, hold immense potential in bridging the gap between on-ground measurements and satellite remote sensing data. Nonetheless, a multitude of challenges still looms, with one of the foremost being the nuanced identification of scales that strike a balance between capturing maximum complexity while minimizing measurement errors.

The power of effect size stabilization.

Determining an appropriate sample size in psychological experiments is a common challenge, requiring a balance between maximizing the chance of detecting a true effect (minimizing false negatives) and minimizing the risk of observing an effect where none exists (minimizing false positives). A recent study proposes using effect size stabilization, a form of optional stopping, to define sample size without increasing the risk of false positives. In effect size stabilization, researchers monitor the effect size of their samples throughout the sampling process and stop sampling when the effect no longer varies beyond predefined thresholds.

Peripheral myelin: From development to maintenance.

Peripheral myelin is synthesized by glial cells called Schwann cells (SCs). SC development and differentiation must be tightly regulated to avoid any pathological consequence affecting peripheral nerve function. Neuropathic symptoms can arise from developmental issues in SCs, as well as in adult life through processes affecting mature SCs.