Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in children with overweight/obesity: The role of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Objectives: To investigate the association of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) severity with cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers independently of the adiposity levels; and to explore the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations in children with overweight/obesity.

Methods: A total of 109 children aged 8-11 years with overweight/obesity were included in this cross-sectional study. SDB was assessed using a scale of the reduce version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire.

Sex Differences in Melanoma Survival-a GEM study.

Sex differences in melanoma are prominent, with females having a significant survival advantage. However, it is unclear why we see this survival advantage. Here we investigate the relationship between sex, clinicopathologic variables, and melanoma specific survival in 1,753 single primary melanomas from patients in the GEM study.

Primary intrarenal hemangioma - A series of 39 cases.

Intrarenal hemangiomas lack concise clinicopathologic information, due to the predominance of single case reports and inclusion of other vascular neoplasms and hemangiomas of perirenal, hilar, and renal vein origin. Herein, in this multi-institutional study we evaluate clinicopathologic features of 39 intrarenal hemangiomas. The median age was 62 years (range = 27-94 years; 2:1 male to female ratio), with left-sided predominance (left = 21, right = 13; one case was bilateral).

Esterase-Mediated Pyrethroid Resistance in Populations of an Invasive Malaria Vector from Ethiopia.

Background: The swift expansion of the invasive malaria vector throughout Africa presents a major challenge to malaria control initiatives. Unlike the native African vectors, thrives in urban settings and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides, including pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates.

Methods: Insecticide susceptibility tests were performed on field-collected mosquitoes from Awash Sebac Kilo, Ethiopia, to assess insecticide resistance levels.

Crosslinking-mediated Interactome Analysis Identified PHD2-HIF1α Interaction Hotspots and the Role of PHD2 in Regulating Protein Neddylation.

Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 2 (PHD2) targets Hypoxia Inducible Factor alpha subunits (HIFα) for oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation that leads to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of HIFα. In addition to HIF proteins, growing evidence suggested that PHD2 may exert its multifaceted function through hydroxylase-dependent or independent activities. Given the critical role of PHD2 in diverse biological processes, it is important to comprehensively identify potential PHD2 interacting proteins.

Using Serum Metabolomic Signatures to Investigate Effects of Acupuncture on Pain-Fatigue-Sleep Disturbance in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background/objectives: Acupuncture is an efficacious integrative therapy for treating pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance (the psychoneurological symptom cluster) in breast cancer survivors. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear, and related metabolomics studies are limited. This study aimed to examine serum metabolite changes after acupuncture and their relationships to symptom improvement.

Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi against novel insecticides in Eastern Ethiopia.

Background: Anoph known to be local malaria vector in South East Asia but recently found expanding to the horn of Africa including urban areas of Ethiopia. Recent studies indicated that high level of insecticide resistance to pyrethroid (Deltamethrin, permethrin and alpha-cypermethrin), Carbamates (Bendiocarb and Propoxur) and organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl). The aim, of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of from Diredawa against broflanilide, chlorfenapyr, clothianidin and pyriproxyfen.

The GluA1 cytoplasmic tail regulates intracellular AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic transmission onto dentate gyrus GABAergic interneurons, gating response to novelty.

The GluA1 subunit, encoded by the putative schizophrenia-associated gene GRIA1, is required for activity-regulated AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, and plays a key role in cognitive and affective function. The cytoplasmic, carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) is the most divergent region across AMPAR subunits. The GluA1 CTD has received considerable attention for its role during long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses.

The VGCC auxiliary subunit α2δ1 is an extracellular GluA1 interactor and regulates LTP, spatial memory, and seizure susceptibility.

Activity-dependent synaptic accumulation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and subsequent long-term synaptic strengthening underlie different forms of learning and memory. The AMPAR subunit GluA1 amino-terminal domain is essential for synaptic docking of AMPAR during LTP, but the precise mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Using unbiased proteomics, we identified the epilepsy and intellectual disability-associated VGCC auxiliary subunit α2δ1 as a candidate extracellular AMPAR slot.

Nanocompression of 20 nm Silver Nanoparticles: In situ Aberration-Corrected TEM and Atomistic Simulations.

Single-crystalline nanoparticles play an increasingly important role in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceuticals, advanced materials, catalysts for fuel cells, energy materials, as well as environmental detection and monitoring. Yet, the deformation mechanisms of very small nanoparticles are still poorly understood, in particular the role played by single dislocations and their interaction with surfaces. In this work, silver nanoparticles with particularly small dimensions (≈20 nanometers in diameter) are compressed in situ in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Search for CP-Violating Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions with the NOvA Experiment.

This Letter reports a search for charge-parity (CP) symmetry violating nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the NOvA Experiment, and examines their effects on the determination of the standard oscillation parameters. Data from ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ}) and ν_{μ}(ν[over ¯]_{μ})→ν_{e}(ν[over ¯]_{e}) oscillation channels are used to measure the effect of the NSI parameters ϵ_{eμ} and ϵ_{eτ}. With 90% CL the magnitudes of the NSI couplings are constrained to be |ϵ_{eμ}|≲0.

Profiling vivax malaria incidence, residual transmission, and risk factors using reactive case detection in low transmission settings of Ethiopia.

Background: Identification of local Plasmodium vivax transmission foci and its hidden reservoirs are crucial to eliminating residual vivax malaria transmission. This study assessed whether reactive case detection (RCD) could better identify P. vivax cases and infection incidences in Arjo-Didessa, Southwestern Ethiopia.

PTEN deletion in the adult dentate gyrus induces epilepsy.

Embryonic and early postnatal promotor-driven deletion of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene results in neuronal hypertrophy, hyperexcitable circuitry and development of spontaneous seizures in adulthood. We previously documented that focal, vector-mediated PTEN deletion in mature granule cells of the adult dentate gyrus triggers dramatic growth of cell bodies, dendrites, and axons, similar to that seen with early postnatal PTEN deletion. Here, we assess the functional consequences of focal, adult PTEN deletion, focusing on its pro-epileptogenic potential.

Sensor-Acquired Reachable Workspace (RWS) Correlates with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Function in Stroke as Measured by Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Self-Care.

Optimal upper extremity motor control and range of motion are necessary to achieve even the basic activities of daily living (ADL) function. Stroke, with resulting hemiparesis, can significantly and negatively impact an individual's ADL function. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) self-care score can provide an assessment of what aspects and to what degree ADL functions are impaired.

Addressing Mental Health Symptoms Among COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: A Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Pilot Study.

Psychological stress among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, elevating mental health risks. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) is an evidence-based intervention with potential to reduce psychological burden on frontline HCWs; however, no studies have examined its use among this population since the pandemic began. We designed a trial to assess the effects of a brief HRV-BF intervention delivered via telemedicine on measures of anxiety, depression and stress, and heart rate variability, compared to an in-person intervention.

Accuracy of the Image Interpretation Capability of ChatGPT-4 Vision in Analysis of Hess Screen and Visual Field Abnormalities.

Background: OpenAI, the owner of ChatGPT, publicly released the GPT-4 Vision in September 2023. This multimedia chatbot has the capability to receive and analyze various images presented to it by the user. We assessed the accuracy of its interpretation of 2 of the images commonly used in neuro-ophthalmology, namely Hess screen and automated visual field images.

Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma to Histiocytic/Dendritic Cell Sarcoma.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) transforming into a more aggressive lymphoma (i.e., Richter syndrome) is well documented in the literature.

Integrating priorities at the intersection of cancer and neuroscience.

Cancer neuroscience is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that conceptualizes tumors as tissues fully integrated into the nervous system. Recognizing the complexity and challenges in this field is of fundamental importance to achieving the goal of translational impact for cancer patients. Our commentary highlights key scientific priorities, optimal training settings, and roadblocks to translating scientific findings to the clinic in this emerging field, aiming to formulate a transformative and cohesive path forward.