The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Guidelines and Consensus on the Definition, Current Evidence, Clinical Use and Future Applications for Physiologic Closed-Loop Controlled Neuromodulation in Chronic Pain: A NEURON Group Project.

Introduction: Neuromodulation has been a staple of treatment for moderate-to-severe chronic refractory pain since the introduction of the first spinal cord stimulator by Norman Shealy in 1967. Appreciating the dynamic nature of electrical modulation of the nervous system from the epidural space, the goal has been consistent, reliable, and therapeutic neural activation of the spinal cord. This has proven to be extremely difficult.

Success and safety of neonatal endotracheal tube exchanges: a NEAR4NEOS multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To compare success and safety of endotracheal tube (ETT) exchanges with primary intubations and identify factors associated with ETT exchange outcomes.

Design: Retrospective observational study of prospectively collected National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates data. ETT exchanges are the placement of a new ETT when one is already in place, whereas primary intubations do not have a pre-existing ETT.

The resurgence of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists as adulterants in the Era of Cannabis legalization: Lessons from prior epidemics and clinical implications.

Momentum towards legalization of medical and recreational cannabis drives a convergence between natural cannabinoids and their synthetic counterparts, creating new clinical challenges in a second wave of exposures. This review critically examines the emerging challenges posed by synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) and semi-synthetic cannabinoids, emphasizing their clinical implications. SCRAs are potent full agonist activity that have been identified as adulterants in several recreational substances, including cannabis and opioids.

The phenylalanine-and-glycine repeats of NUP98 oncofusions form condensates that selectively partition transcriptional coactivators.

Recurrent cancer-causing fusions of NUP98 produce higher-order assemblies known as condensates. How NUP98 oncofusion-driven condensates activate oncogenes remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate NUP98-PHF23, a leukemogenic chimera of the disordered phenylalanine-and-glycine (FG)-repeat-rich region of NUP98 and the H3K4me3/2-binding plant homeodomain (PHD) finger domain of PHF23.

Topical insulin in pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy associated with CIPA syndrome.

We present a case, with a 2-year follow-up, of the use of topical insulin in managing neurotrophic keratopathy in a 3-year-old boy diagnosed with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). Initially, the patient had a corneal perforation in the right eye, for which he underwent tectonic amniotic membrane transplantation. On examination, a central corneal ulcer with stromal infiltration was identified in the left eye, accompanied by a complete absence of corneal sensation in both eyes.

Gastrointestinal mucosal cell injury caused by sevelamer crystals- Case series and literature review.

In end-stage-kidney-disease (ESKD) hyperphosphatemia occurs secondary to decreased renal elimination with continued intestinal absorption of dietary phosphate. Even in chronic kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate lower than 30 ml/min markedly decreases the filtration of inorganic phosphate and increases its serum level. Sevelamer, a non-calcium phosphate binder, is commonly used to control hyperphosphatemia.

Paracrine activity of Smurf1-silenced mesenchymal stem cells enhances bone regeneration and reduces bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP), characterized by reduced bone mass and mineral density, is a global metabolic disorder that severely impacts the quality of life in affected individuals. Although current pharmacological treatments are effective, their long-term use is often associated with adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer, more sustainable therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the pro-osteogenic and anti-resorptive potential of the secretome from Smurf1-silenced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a promising cell-free therapy for bone regeneration.

Evaluating maternal drug use disparities, risk factors and outcomes in Northeast Arkansas: a pre, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic analysis.

Introduction: The use of addictive substances remains a major health problem in the U.S. An increase in drug overdose and mortality was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in underserved populations.

Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract Outcomes During the Postacute Phase of COVID-19.

Importance: The profile of gastrointestinal (GI) tract outcomes associated with the postacute and chronic phases of COVID-19 in children and adolescents remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the risks of GI tract symptoms and disorders during the postacute (28-179 days after documented SARS-CoV-2 infection) and the chronic (180-729 days after documented SARS-CoV-2 infection) phases of COVID-19 in the pediatric population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study was performed from March 1, 2020, to September 1, 2023, at 29 US health care institutions.

Interfacility Transfer and Admission to PICUs in the United States: Survey of Referral Communications in 2023.

Objectives: Poor communication during interfacility transfer to the PICU can harm critically ill children. Structured handoff communication can prevent harm; however, the landscape of interfacility referral communication practices across PICUs is unknown. Our objective was to describe interfacility referral communication practices among U.

Master classes of the tenth international brain-computer interface meeting: showcasing the research of BCI trainees.

The Tenth International brain-computer interface (BCI) meeting was held June 6-9, 2023, in the Sonian Forest in Brussels, Belgium. At that meeting, 21 master classes, organized by the BCI Society's Postdoc & Student Committee, supported the Society's goal of fostering learning opportunities and meaningful interactions for trainees in BCI-related fields. Master classes provide an informal environment where senior researchers can give constructive feedback to the trainee on their chosen and specific pursuit.

Birth defects surveillance: Working together to advance science.

Since 2000, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN), in collaboration with the US National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has provided a special issue of Birth Defects Research focused on advancing the field of birth defects surveillance, epidemiology, and public health practice. The annual NBDPN special issue consists of contributed manuscripts using birth defects surveillance data for epidemiologic research or for improving birth defects surveillance methods. This year, our special issue includes updated national prevalence estimates for selected major birth defects, seven original research papers, and an invited editorial.

Targeting Caseinolytic Mitochondrial Matrix Peptidase, a Novel Contributor to High-risk Behavior, in Multiple Myeloma.

Plasma cell dyscrasias encompass a spectrum from the precursors monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering myeloma to symptomatic myeloma, but the genes that enable progression and confer poor prognosis are incompletely understood. Using single cell transcriptomics, we identified the Caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (CLPP), a key component of the mitochondrial CLP serine endopeptidase, as being over-expressed in CD138+ neoplastic versus normal, and in symptomatic versus precursor plasma cells. Its high expression was associated with an adverse prognosis across multiple molecularly defined subgroups in the newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory settings, and with extramedullary disease.

Use of implementation science to qualitatively identify implementation determinants of COPD practice guidelines in primary care.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality. COPD guidelines (CPG) are greatly underutilized and studies attempting to improve this practice gap have yielded inconsistent results. We hypothesize that using implementation science can provide a detailed understanding of these practice gaps and the reasons behind them.

FUTURE-AI: international consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare.

Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework, which provides guidance for the development and deployment of trustworthy AI tools in healthcare. The FUTURE-AI Consortium was founded in 2021 and comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists.

The associations of body composition, fitness, and physical activity with balance in children: The Arkansas Active Kids study.

Background: Balance plays an important role in children's motor development. However, the factors that are associated with balance in children are not yet fully understood.

Research Question: We aimed to investigate the association of body composition, physical fitness, and daily physical activity on balance in children.

Neurodevelopmental delay, musculoskeletal disorders and dysmorphia associated with a novel pathogenic interstitial deletion of chromosome 10q21.1q21.3.

Background: Previous reports of distal deletions in chromosome 10q in patients have described distinct facial features combined with other neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including intellectual disability. However, the association of interstitial deletions in chromosome 10q with global developmental delay, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and dysmorphic features has not been previously reported.

Methods: Genetic testing using whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on three patients with neurodevelopmental delay, musculoskeletal abnormalities and dysmorphic features.

Emergence of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infection in an Infant: A Case Report.

Introduction: Group A streptococcus (GAS) manifests as a spectrum of illnesses, ranging from mild to life-threatening. While relatively rare in infants, GAS infections can present with grave consequences.

Case Report: An eight-month-old infant was found to have GAS bacteremia complicated by sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, resulting in lower extremity myositis and tissue ischemia.

Two decades of women's sexual and reproductive health and rights in Nigeria: Successes, challenges, and opportunities.

With over 200 million people, 50% of Nigeria's population comprises women of reproductive age (15-49 years), making Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) invaluable in achieving SDGs 3 and 5 on health and well-being and gender equality, respectively. Although Nigeria's reproductive health indices have improved over the past two decades, some critical gaps must be closed. We examined SRHR trends in Nigeria using the Nigerian DHS data sets spanning 2003-2018.

Novel Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tools for Pre- and Post-Menopausal Asian Women: Development and Validation in a Nationwide Mammographic Screening Cohort.

Purpose: Widely used breast cancer risk-prediction tools are based on data from Western countries, but risk factors may differ for Asian women. Hence, we aimed to develop a risk assessment tool for breast cancer in Asian women using a nationwide, population-based mammographic screening cohort.

Materials And Methods: Women aged ≥40 years who underwent breast cancer screening and general health examination in 2009 were included.

Oregon Community Benefit Reform Influenced Not-For-Profit Hospitals' Charity Care And Medical Debt Write-Off.

Not-for-profit hospitals are required to provide community benefits to improve the well-being of their communities. However, hospitals' community benefit spending has remained mostly flat despite federal and state regulations intended to increase it. A new Oregon policy takes a multiphase approach to increase not-for-profit hospitals' community investment.

Age-Related Changes in Brain Structure in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease.

Importance: Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit reduced cerebellum volume, which is associated with neurocognitive deficits and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), even before dialysis or transplantation. These differences have not been examined within the context of age-related brain changes during childhood to early adulthood.

Objective: To evaluate differences in age-related neurodevelopmental changes in patients with CKD compared with control participants and to investigate associations between regional neuroanatomy, functional outcomes, and disease-related variables.