Microglia-Mediated Synaptic Dysfunction Contributes to Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) significantly impacts cancer survivors. Due to unclear mechanisms, effective treatments for cognitive deficits are lacking. Here, we examined if microglia-mediated deficits in synaptic plasticity drive CRCI.

Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in ILNEB Syndrome.

Interstitial Lung, Nephrotic Syndrome and Epidermolysis Bullosa (ILNEB) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic syndrome caused by mutations in ITGA3. This gene encodes the three subunit of integrin 3β1, which plays an important role in the structure and function of keratinocytes. We analysed compound heterozygous mutations in a patient, observing clinical features that mirrored some but not all previously reported ILNEB cases.

Snakebites and resource utilization in pediatric urban and rural populations in the United States: 2016-2023.

Background: Nearly 7,000 snakebite injuries are reported yearly in the United States, with almost one quarter of those in the pediatric population. Due to increased exposure to snakes, rural children may experience different clinical outcomes for snakebite injuries. The goal of this study was to examine differences in resource utilization of rural and urban pediatric patients with snakebite injuries.

Expanding Global Interventional Radiology Outreach to Address Postpartum Hemorrhage in Kenya Using Geospatial Analytic Mapping.

Purpose: To evaluate postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and Interventional Radiology (IR) service landscapes in Kenya using geospatial analytic mapping for outreach planning.

Materials And Methods: Geographic information system (GIS) analysis of Kenya was performed using open-source data sets. Data at the regional and county levels from 2014-2018 were collected to evaluate demographics and variables related to PPH and healthcare access.

Gynecologic Cancer Screening and Prevention: State of the Science and Practice.

Gynecological cancers, including cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvovaginal cancer, have increasing incidence and mortality globally over the last three decades. In that time, there have been advances in medical therapies and paradigm shifts in surgical treatment which have resulted in a greater quality of life for patients. Clinicians have also refocused efforts to preventing gynecologic cancer.

A Unique Case of Gross Hematuria in a Patient With Ewing Sarcoma.

The standard therapy for Ewing sarcoma, the second most common bone tumor in children, includes alkylating agents such as ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. One common adverse side effect of such agents is hemorrhagic cystitis, which typically presents with hematuria. We present the case of a patient with Ewing sarcoma who developed persistent gross hematuria followed by severe acute kidney injury while receiving chemotherapy.

Treatment efficacy for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in children with trisomy 21.

Background: Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in children with trisomy 21. First-line standard treatments for IESS include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), oral corticosteroids, and vigabatrin. Among children with trisomy 21 and IESS, treatment with ACTH or oral corticosteroids may yield higher response rates compared with vigabatrin.

Point-of-care ultrasound training among anesthesiology residency programs in the United States.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use has become ubiquitous in the field of anesthesiology. However, POCUS training curriculum in anesthesiology residencies vary widely. We performed a survey study to better understand the structure of existing POCUS training and identify barriers to instituting a POCUS curriculum for anesthesiology trainees.

A Multicenter Training and Interrater Reliability Study of the BASED Score for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome.

Purpose: The best possible outcomes in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome require electroclinical remission; however, determining electrographic remission is not straightforward. Although the determination of hypsarrhythmia has inadequate interrater reliability (IRR), the Burden of AmplitudeS and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED) score has shown promise for the reliable interictal assessment of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. Our aim was to develop a BASED training program and assess the IRR among learners.

Multidisciplinary care in pediatric severe asthma: A comparative outcomes analysis.

Background: There are limited data comparing the effectiveness of multidisciplinary severe asthma clinics (SACs) with that of conventional single-discipline clinics (SDCs) for pediatric severe asthma.

Objective: Our aim was to compare asthma outcomes between SACs and SDCs clinics and examine longitudinal health outcomes for patients with severe asthma who were followed in SACs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing pediatric asthma outcomes among patients with severe asthma between 2018 and 2022 who were treated at the multidisciplinary Arkansas Children's SAC with those of patients with severe asthma treated at SDCs.

Gender disparities in job flexibility, job security, psychological distress, work absenteeism, and work presenteeism among U.S. adults.

Background: While international research has examined the relationship between job characteristics and mental health, including gender differences, few studies have assessed these associations at the national level in the U.S., which has unique labor markets, health care systems, and societal structures that may exacerbate gender disparities.

Characterization of Endogenous Retroviral-like Particles Expressed from the Sf9 Cell Line.

The Sf9 insect cell line is used in the baculovirus expression vector system for the development of various viral vaccines and some gene therapy products. Early studies indicated that Sf9 cells produced a reverse transcriptase (RT) activity that was detected using a sensitive PCR-enhanced reverse transcriptase (PERT) assay. Since RT is generally associated with retrovirus particles, we undertook the investigation of the physical properties and infectious nature of the extracellular RT activity that was constitutively expressed from Sf9 cells or induced after the chemical treatment of the cells with drugs known to activate endogenous retroviruses.

What Is the Significance of Placental Lakes in Pregnancy? A Historic Literature Review.

The presence of placental lakes has been recognized on obstetric ultrasounds for many years, although their influence on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes remains uncertain. Most studies evaluating outcomes are small and many outcomes are conflicting. The question remains whether placental lakes affect pregnancy outcomes and, if so, how and under what circumstances? The purpose of this review was to determine the incidence, diagnosis, pathology, management, and pregnancy outcomes to determine the influence of an isolated lake versus the influence of a lake with the presence of other factors on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

Platelets Modulate Leukocyte Population Composition Within Perivascular Adipose Tissue.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular tone and is composed of adipocytes and several leukocyte subpopulations. Diet can modify PVAT function, as obesogenic diets cause morphological changes to adipocytes and skew the leukocyte phenotype, leading to PVAT dysregulation and impaired vasoregulation. Of note, platelets, the clot-forming cells, also modulate many facets of leukocyte activity, such as tissue infiltration and polarity.

Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Phytoconstituents in Diabetes, Cancer, Infections, Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Conditions like diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, infections, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders continue to have a major global impact on mortality and morbidity. Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times in ethnomedicine (e.g.

Molecular Insights into Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Coronary Artery Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications: A Comprehensive Review.

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction results in ischemia-induced cellular dysfunction and death. While timely reperfusion limits myocardial damage, it paradoxically triggers ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), exacerbating tissue damage.

The "good enough" facilitator: elucidating the role of working alliance in the mechanism of facilitation.

Background: While facilitation is a widely used implementation strategy with proven effectiveness, the development of the facilitator-recipient relationship, i.e., working alliance, has received limited attention.

ROTEM's utility in guiding resuscitation of traumatic lower extremity fracture patients.

Introduction: Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a method for real-time detection of clotting derangements allowing for targeted blood product resuscitation. We sought to determine if coagulopathy profiles differed based on fracture location (comparing pelvic versus tibia and femur fractures), if ROTEM profiles correlated between both total hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), and if ROTEM profiles correlated with patients undergoing an immediate definitive fixation versus an early damage control approach to care.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using data from a level 1 trauma registry database.

Evaluating the Effect of Body Mass Index on Procalcitonin Level in Patients with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is commonly used to evaluate the etiology and severity of pneumonia. PCT has been shown to be elevated at baseline in patients with obesity. The aim of this study is to determine if body mass index (BMI) has an influence on admission PCT level in patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia.

Educational Attainment and Employment Status of Adults Living With Congenital Heart Disease in the United States, CH STRONG 2016-2019.

Background: Our objective was to characterize the education and employment history of young adults with congenital heart defects (CHD) living in the United States.

Methods: The 2016-2019 Congenital Heart Survey To Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and well-beinG collected data from young adults (ages 19-38) with CHD identified from active birth defect in Arkansas, Arizona, and Atlanta, Georgia. Educational attainment, employment history, and special education between kindergarten and 12th grade were self-/proxy-reported.

Atypical Intraductal Proliferation in Prostate Needle Core Biopsy: Validation as a Marker of Unsampled Adverse Pathology in a Clinicopathologic Series of 142 New Patients.

Atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP) of the prostate is characterized by morphologic features exceeding that of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia but not meeting strict diagnostic criteria for intraductal carcinoma. We examined the clinical significance of AIP in biopsy specimens. Patients with AIP diagnosed on biopsy were identified from surgical pathology archives.

Association between different modalities of opioid use disorder-related care delivery and opioid use disorder-related patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study assessed the impact of different modalities of delivery of opioid use disorder (OUD)-related care on several patient outcomes.

Methods: This study was conducted among patients newly diagnosed with OUD and receiving OUD-related care between March 2020 and March 2022, using data from Epic Cosmos. We examined the association between the most common modality of OUD-related care delivery (audio-only vs.

A novel model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy produces a clinically relevant phenotype in mice.

One of the most common adverse side effects of chemotherapeutics is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Paclitaxel, a highly effective chemotherapeutic, is associated with a high incidence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) that persists for over a year in 64% of patients and worsens with cumulative PTX dose. Patients experiencing PIPN may reduce the dosage of chemotherapy or halt treatment due to this pain.