The impact of age on comparative diagnostic accuracy of temporal artery thermometers and non-contact infrared thermometers for fever detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Non-invasive temporal artery thermometers (TATs) and non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are increasingly used in community settings to measure body temperature. Existing research predominantly focuses on pediatric populations, yet the accuracy and precision of TATs and NCITs for fever screening across age groups remain unclear. This study aims to assess age-related differences in the diagnostic accuracy of TATs and NCITs for fever detection.

Effectiveness and tolerability of rimegepant in the acute treatment of migraine: a real-world, prospective, multicentric study (GAINER study).

Background: Rimegepant, a novel oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, has been recently approved for the acute migraine treatment. While its efficacy was confirmed in randomized clinical trials, no data is available regarding real-life effectiveness and tolerability. GAINER, a prospective, multicentric study, aimed to evaluate rimegepant effectiveness and tolerability in the real-world setting.

Reliable Performance of mALBI Grade-Based Risk Models for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Treatment: Comparative Analysis of 13 Risk Models.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the prognostic performance of the risk models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) as first-line treatment.

Methods: Among 449 patients included in this retrospective multicenter study, we compared the prognostic performance of 13 risk models for the 12-month and 18-month survival status using area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and relative integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analysis. We also constructed a calibration plot to assess the fitness of each model.

Access Program for Unapproved and Off-Label Drug Use in Pediatric BRAF V600E-Mutated Brain Tumors in Japan.

Programs allowing access to investigational drugs and off-label drug use for serious diseases have often been applied to pediatric cancers. A clinical study conducted under the Japanese "Patient-Proposed Healthcare Services" evaluated the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib plus trametinib in children with BRAF V600 mutant glioma (jRCTs071210071). This study successfully provided unapproved and off-label medications to four enrolled patients, two with low-grade glioma and two with high-grade glioma (median age: 10.

Investigating the Shortcomings of the Flow Convergence Method for Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation in a Pulsatile In-Vitro Environment and with Computational Fluid Dynamics.

The flow convergence method includes calculation of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) and is widely used to classify mitral regurgitation (MR) with echocardiography. It constitutes a primary decision factor for determination of treatment and should therefore be a robust quantification method. However, it is known for its tendency to underestimate MR and its dependence on user expertise.

CAR T-cell-associated secondary malignancies challenge current pharmacovigilance concepts.

Suspected adverse reactions following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) treatment include more and more cases of secondary T-cell malignancies. The causality assessment of such suspected reactions challenges established evaluation practices due to (i) patient and product-specific risk factors and (ii) incomplete data available with post-marketing reports submitted to competent authorities. This is of particular relevance for gene therapy products that integrate into the host genome.

Macrophage-induced enteric neurodegeneration leads to motility impairment during gut inflammation.

Current studies pictured the enteric nervous system and macrophages as modulators of neuroimmune processes in the inflamed gut. Expanding this view, we investigated the impact of enteric neuron-macrophage interactions on postoperative trauma and subsequent motility disturbances, i.e.

Developmental beta-cell death orchestrates the islet's inflammatory milieu by regulating immune system crosstalk.

While pancreatic beta-cell proliferation has been extensively studied, the role of cell death during islet development remains incompletely understood. Using a genetic model of caspase inhibition in beta cells coupled with mathematical modeling, we here discover an onset of beta-cell death in juvenile zebrafish, which regulates beta-cell mass. Histologically, this beta-cell death is underestimated due to phagocytosis by resident macrophages.

Pulmonary Consequences of Surgical Treatment in Children's Primary Lung Tumors: A National Retrospective Study.

Background And Aims: Primary lung tumors (PLTs) in children are rare, and surgery remains the key to ensure remission. Here we describe the PLTs clinical characteristics, their management, and the pulmonary outcome following surgery.

Methods: We carried out a French national cohort of pediatric PLTs from 2013 to 2023 from the FRACTURE rare pediatric tumors national database.

Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standard for PET imaging of brain metastases: version 1.0.

This joint practice guideline/procedure standard was collaboratively developed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO), and the PET task force of the Response Assessment in Neurooncology Working Group (PET/RANO). Brain metastases are the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors. PET imaging with radiolabeled amino acids and to lesser extent [F]FDG has gained considerable importance in the assessment of brain metastases, especially for the differential diagnosis between recurrent metastases and treatment-related changes which remains a limitation using conventional MRI.

Implementing recycling in the operating room: a single-center experience.

Background: Climate change poses significant challenges to global health, exacerbated by healthcare systems' carbon footprint and waste generation. Surgical activities contribute to these impacts, necessitating sustainable practices to mitigate environmental harm. This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a recycling program in reducing waste, carbon emissions, and disposal costs in the operating rooms (ORs).

Thermal ablation of margins for recurrence prevention after endoscopic mucosal resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large colorectal lesions can be challenging, and residual lesions after EMR can progress to colorectal cancer. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of adding thermal ablation of margins [using argon plasma coagulation (APC) or snare tip soft coagulation (STSC)] in reducing recurrence rates after EMR.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase.

Eversion cruroplasty and collar overwrap: a novel hybrid approach for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in children, with assessment of mid-term outcomes.

Background: Surgical fundoplication remains integral in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by addressing gastroesophageal valve incompetence. This study introduces a novel hybrid approach, the Eversion Cruroplasty and Collar Overwrap (ECCO) procedure, aiming to combine benefits of conventional partial wrapping and posteromedial cardiopexy, considering gastric fundus anatomical peculiarities as an anti-reflux barrier.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients presenting with refractory GERD from 2021 to 2023 was conducted.

The incidence, technical management and outcomes of impacted stones encountered during 1447 laparoscopic bile duct explorations.

Background: Stone impaction is an obstacle to successful laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). This study aims to identify the incidence, operative difficulties and techniques used to disimpact and remove impacted stones during LCBDE.

Methods: Prospectively collected data from a large series of LCBDE.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Cefotaxime in Patients with Impaired Renal Function.

Background: Cefotaxime is a widely prescribed cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various infections. It is mainly eliminated unchanged by the kidney through tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Therefore, a reduction of kidney function may increase exposure to the drug and induce toxic side effects.

Factors influencing medical students' interest in obstetrics and gynecology: a longitudinal study on career preferences.

Introduction: Choosing a medical specialty is a pivotal moment in a physician's career, shaped by personal interests, clinical experiences, and professional interactions. Obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) offers a unique blend of surgical and medical care focused on women's health. Given the growing demand for OB-GYN specialists, understanding the factors that influence students' decisions is essential for workforce planning.

Immunotherapy for advanced-stage squamous cell lung cancer: the state of the art and outstanding questions.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced-stage squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (LUSC), a histological subtype associated with inferior outcomes compared with lung adenocarcinoma. However, only a subset of patients derive durable clinical benefit. In the first-line setting, multiple ICI regimens are available, including anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies as monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy, or with an anti-CTLA4 antibody with or without chemotherapy.

Age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality rates and future projections of autoimmune diseases in China: a systematic analysis based on GBD 2021.

This study assessed trends in age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), and mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 population for asthma, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Psoriasis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in China from 1990 to 2021 and projected ASIR trends through 2046. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Trends in ASIR, ASPR, and ASMR were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC).

The relationship between electric field strength induced by electroconvulsive therapy and cognitive and antidepressant outcomes.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression but is often associated with cognitive side effects. In patients, ECT-induced electric field (E-field) strength across brain regions varies significantly due to anatomical differences, which may explain individual differences in cognitive side effects. We examined the relationship between regional E-field strength and change in verbal fluency score (i.

Surgical and Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction for Severe Emphysema: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

Background: Along with lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), bronchoscopic lung volume reduction is a treatment option for end-stage emphysema. However, comparisons among interventions remain insufficient.

Methods: We searched on PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science.

Negative PSMA PET can be used to avoid unnecessary pelvic lymph node dissection in intermediate risk prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) has a high negative predictive value (NPV) in determining lymph node invasion (LNI) in men with intermediate-risk disease undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). We hypothesized that PSMA PET may be used to reduce the number of unnecessary PLND procedures performed.

Objective: To assess BCR-free survival of intermediate risk prostate cancer patients with a negative PSMA PET who underwent PLND vs.

Predictive modeling of consecutive intravenous immunoglobulin treatment resistance in Kawasaki disease: A nationwide study.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, often resulting in coronary artery complications such as dilation, aneurysms, and stenosis. While intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is effective in reducing immunologic inflammation, 10-15% of patients do not respond to initial therapy, and some show resistance even after two consecutive treatments. Predicting which patients will not respond to these two IVIG treatments is crucial for guiding treatment strategies and improving outcomes.