Plasma phosphorylated tau and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) but their neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood.

Methods: NPSs and cognition were assessed annually in participants (DLB n = 222; Alzheimer's disease [AD] n = 125) from the European DLB (E-DLB) Consortium, and plasma phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau181) and p-tau231 concentrations were measured at baseline.

Results: Hallucinations, delusions, and depression were more common in DLB than in AD and, in a subgroup with longitudinal follow-up, persistent hallucinations and NPSs were associated with lower p-tau181 and p-tau231 in DLB.

Hyponatremia incidence after subarachnoid hemorrhage and association with outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Hyponatremia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is common, however the incidence, and association with vasospasm, morbidity, and mortality, has yet to be defined. We aimed to identify incidence of hyponatremia after aSAH, and quantify its association with measurable outcomes.

Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted (PROSPERO ID CRD42022363472).

Computational Pathology Detection of Hypoxia-Induced Morphological Changes in Breast Cancer.

Understanding the tumor hypoxic microenvironment is crucial for grasping tumor biology, clinical progression, and treatment responses. This study presents a novel application of AI in computational histopathology to evaluate hypoxia in breast cancer. Weakly Supervised Deep Learning (WSDL) models can accurately detect morphological changes associated with hypoxia in routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) whole slide images (WSI).

Microplastic footprints in sharks and rays: First assessment of microplastic pollution in two cartilaginous fishes, hardnose shark and whitespotted whipray.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental problem worldwide and has caused widespread concern both in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to their potential impacts on the human health, and health of aquatic organisms and the environment. Little is known about the exposure of top marine predators to MP contamination (debris 0.1μm - <5mm, also called MPs).

Examining longitudinal associations between interpersonal outcomes and general psychopathology factors across preadolescence using random intercept cross-lagged panel model.

Background: Interpersonal outcomes and mental health problems are closely associated. However, their reciprocal influence has not been directly examined while considering the temporal stability of these constructs, as well as shared and unique variance associated with internalising, externalising and attention problems. Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM), we tested the hypotheses that negative bidirectional associations at the between-person and negative cross-lagged effects at the within-person level would emerge between interpersonal outcomes (friendship quality and perceived popularity) and mental health problems (i.

The Burden of Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across the United Kingdom: Results From a National Snapshot Study.

Background: To investigate the management of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (rHNSCC) and describe survival outcomes.

Methods: Post hoc subgroup analysis of a retrospective national observational cohort was conducted. All patients with rHNSCC who received a definitive treatment decision between September 1, 2021 and November 30, 2021 were included.

Anterograde amnesia recurrence in temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala-enlargement.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can cause different types of memory impairments. Here, we report a case of immediate improvement of memory impairment following antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment in a patient with TLE with amygdala enlargement (TLE-AE), who rapidly developed recurrence. The patient was a man in his 60s whose family members complained of his amnesia.

Spatiotemporal single-cell roadmap of human skin wound healing.

Wound healing is vital for human health, yet the details of cellular dynamics and coordination in human wound repair remain largely unexplored. To address this, we conducted single-cell multi-omics analyses on human skin wound tissues through inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases of wound repair from the same individuals, monitoring the cellular and molecular dynamics of human skin wound healing at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. This singular roadmap reveals the cellular architecture of the wound margin and identifies FOSL1 as a critical driver of re-epithelialization.

Cortical lesions impact cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis via volume loss of nonlesional cortex.

Objective: To assess the interrelationship between cortical lesions and cortical thinning and volume loss in people with multiple sclerosis within cortical networks, and how this relates to future cognition.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, 230 people with multiple sclerosis and 60 healthy controls underwent 3 Tesla MRI at baseline and neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Cortical regions (N = 212) were divided into seven functional networks.

Does disability modify the association between poor mental health and violence victimisation over adolescence? Evidence from the CoVAC cohort study in Uganda.

We aimed to estimate the impact of poor mental health in early adolescence on subsequent poor mental health, depression, and violence victimisation in late adolescence and to determine whether young people living with disabilities experienced a stronger relationship between mental health and these outcomes. Data from two waves of a longitudinal cohort study of 2773 Ugandan adolescents were used to assess the impact of mental health difficulties in early adolescence (aged 11-14) on presence of subsequent mental health difficulties, depression and past year violence victimisation in later adolescence (aged 15-18). We used g-computation to examine how these outcomes changed dependent on levels of poor mental health in early adolescence and explored functional difficulties as an effect modifier.

Numerical Study on the Static Bending Response of Cracked Wind Turbine Blades Reinforced with Graphene Platelets.

With the growing demand for wind energy, the development of advanced materials for wind turbine support structures and blades has garnered significant attention in both industry and academia. In previous research, the authors investigated the incorporation of graphene platelets (GPLs) into wind turbine blades, focusing on the structural performance and cost-effectiveness relative to conventional fiberglass composites. These studies successfully demonstrated the potential advantages of GPL reinforcement in improving blade performance and reducing the blade's weight and costs.

Unpacking Parenting Intervention Content for Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review Examining Core Components.

This systematic review synthesized evidence from parental child maltreatment (CM) interventions by reviewing intervention evaluation studies on potentially effective intervention components and delivery techniques as well as identifying differences in the presence of these components based on maltreatment type. Quantitative intervention evaluations with an explicit parental CM outcome published in a peer-reviewed journal were considered for inclusion. This resulted in 60 final studies for the systematic review.

Sustainability in Reconstructive Breast Surgery: An Eco-audit of the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Pathway.

Background: The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap provides an effective and popular means for autologous breast reconstruction. However, with the complexity of the pathway, the environmental impact of the pathway has yet to be evaluated.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 42 unilateral DIEPs at a single reconstructive center was performed.

Maternal and pregnancy factors contributing to the association between area deprivation and infant mortality in England: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in the UK is rising. This study aims to identify contributory maternal and pregnancy factors that can explain the known association between area deprivation and infant mortality.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care data between 2004 and 2019 linked to the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), and infant mortality from the Office for National Statistics death data.

The education café: A novel model to provide specialist perioperative continuing professional development during theatre downtime.

Recent healthcare staff industrial action disrupted operating theatres activity, delaying procedures, and increasing waiting lists due to cancellations. Strike days have also led to inadvertent idling of theatre practitioners during decreased activity. To maximise paid staff working time during down-times, the Theatres Education Team devised the Education Café for self-directed online specialist continuing professional development activities compiled into menus of QR codes.

A feasibility randomized controlled trial of an individually delivered, peer support intervention to reduce the impact of psychosis stigma and discrimination for people with psychosis: the let's talk study.

Background: Stigma of mental health conditions hinders recovery and well-being. The Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) program shows promise in reducing stigma but there is uncertainty about the feasibility of a randomized trial to evaluate a peer-delivered, individual adaptation of HOP for psychosis (Let's Talk).

Methods: A multi-site, Prospective Randomized Open Blinded Evaluation (PROBE) design, feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the peer-delivered intervention (Let's Talk) to treatment as usual (TAU).

Amelioration of signaling deficits underlying metabolic shortfall in TREM2 human iPSC-derived microglia.

The microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is required for diverse microglia responses in neurodegeneration, including immunometabolic plasticity, phagocytosis, and survival. We previously identified that patient iPSC-derived microglia (iPS-Mg) harboring the Alzheimer's disease (AD) TREM2 hypomorph display several functional deficits linked to metabolism. To investigate whether these deficits are associated with disruptions in metabolite signaling, we generated common variant, TREM2 and TREM2 variant human iPS-Mg.

Empowering professionals: a multidisciplinary approach to supporting people seeking asylum and refugees.

People seeking asylum and refugees living in initial accommodation in the UK can experience significant barriers to accessing care. They often have complex health and social needs and may experience fragmentation in the delivery of services. The Respond Integrated Refugee Health Service, hosted by University College London Hospital and operating across North Central London, has been created to address some of these challenges.

TOURISM study (Treatment Outcomes in UteRIne SarcoMa): a 10-year retrospective evaluation of practice in the UK.

Background: Although rare, uterine sarcomas account for a high proportion of uterine cancer mortality. Treatment options and robust trial data are limited.

Objectives: The TOURISM study (Treatment Outcomes in UteRIne SarcoMa) is a UK-wide study by the National Oncology Trainees Collaborative for Healthcare Research which aimed to characterise this patient cohort.

Inhibitory KIRs decrease HLA class II-mediated protection in Type 1 Diabetes.

Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) are a family of inhibitory receptors that are expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and late-stage differentiated T cells. There is accumulating evidence that iKIRs regulate T cell-mediated immunity. Recently, we reported that T cell-mediated control was enhanced by iKIRs in chronic viral infections.