Interpretable multi-modal artificial intelligence model for predicting gastric cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy assessment is imperative for prognostication and clinical management of locally advanced gastric cancer. We propose an incremental supervised contrastive learning model (iSCLM), an interpretable artificial intelligence framework integrating pretreatment CT scans and H&E-stained biopsy images, for improved decision-making regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We have constructed and tested iSCLM using retrospective data from 2,387 patients across 10 medical centers and evaluated its discriminative ability in a prospective cohort (132 patients; ChiCTR2300068917).

Toxicity profiles of immunochemotherapy for gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is emerging as a promising regimen for patients with locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. However, it remains unclear whether immunochemotherapy will bring more adverse events (AEs) leading to a delay or even cancellation of surgeries. We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity profiles for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy among patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinoma.

Suppressing GDF15 enhances the chemotherapeutic effect of 5 FU on MSI-H CRC by regulating the ferroptosis pathway SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily and is related to metabolism, injury, and aging. GDF15 has both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) must be further clarified.

Low Expression of Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein S5 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (MRPS5) is abnormally expressed in various tumor tissues and may be a key molecule for the regulation of tumors. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between the expression of MRPS5 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the prognosis of patients. MRPS5 expression in fresh tumoral tissues and peritumoral tissues of patients with ccRCC was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.

Decreased Cortical Sulcus Depth in Parkinson's Disease with Excessive Daytime Sleepiness.

Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), a prevalent non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), significantly impacts the quality of life for PD patients and elevates the risks of injury. Our study is to investigate the altered cortical surface morphology characteristics in PD patients with EDS (PD-EDS).

Methods: Clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative database, comprising 36 PD-EDS and 98 PD patients without EDS (PD-nEDS).

Artesunate protects against a mouse model of cerulein and lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute pancreatitis by inhibiting TLR4‑dependent autophagy.

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a severe clinical condition associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome that follows systemic inflammatory response syndrome is the leading cause of SAP‑related death. Since the inflammatory mechanism of SAP remains unclear, there is currently a lack of effective drugs available for its treatment.

Co-Existing Ectopic Cortisol-Producing Adenoma and Retroperitoneal Schwannoma, a Rare Case Report.

Background: Ectopic cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenoma (ECPA) is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported. Retroperitoneal schwannoma is also uncommon, accounting for only 0.7-5% of all schwannomas.

Number of Retrieval Attempts and the Association of Intravenous Tirofiban with Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients with Successful Endovascular Therapy: Results of the RESCUE BT Trial.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between intravenous tirofiban, the number of retrieval attempts and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in patients with successful EVT.

Patients And Methods: We used the data from the Endovascular Treatment With versus Without Tirofiban for Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke (RESCUE BT) Trial. The primary outcome was sICH, which was defined according to the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification.

Upregulation of CRISP3 and its clinical values in adult sepsis: a comprehensive analysis based on microarrays and a two-retrospective-cohort study.

Background: Current lines of evidence indicate that cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) is an immunoregulatory factor. Nevertheless, no study has explored the relationships between the values of CRISP3 and sepsis.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search and meta-analysis from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and ArrayExpress to determine the expression of CRISP3 in sepsis patients.

Caregiver Burden and Its Associated Factors Among Family Caregivers of Hospitalized Patients with Neurocritical Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:  Providing informal care for patients with neurocritical diseases is a challenging job, and family caregivers usually experience psychological distress and high caregiver burden. Previous studies have focused on caregiver burden for patients in the home rehabilitation stage, while few studies investigate caregiver burden among informal caregivers of early postoperative inpatients.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate caregiver burden for caregivers of patients with neurocritical diseases during hospitalization and to identify predictive factors related to caregiver burden.

Identification of an immune-related gene panel for the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension using bioinformatics and machine learning.

Objective: This study aimed to screen an immune-related gene (IRG) panel and develop a novel approach for diagnosing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) utilizing bioinformatics and machine learning (ML).

Methods: Gene expression profiles were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRG-DEGs). We employed five machine learning algorithms-LASSO, random forest (RF), boosted regression trees (BRT), XGBoost, and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) to identify biomarkers derived from IRG-DEGs associated with the diagnosis of PAH, incorporating them into the IRG-DEGs panel.

Evaluating KLHDC8A as a biomarker for glioma: impact on survival and proliferation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Glioma is one of the most common malignant tumors and shows a high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. KLHDC8A has been implicated in several cancers, but its role in glioma and its potential as a biomarker remain unclear. We conducted a pan-cancer analysis of KLHDC8A using multiple databases and assessed its expression levels, survival associations, and diagnostic utility.

High-throughput single-cell analysis reveals Omp38-specific monoclonal antibodies that protect against infection.

Infections caused by () have emerged as a global public health concern because of high pathogenicity of this bacterium. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have a lower likelihood of promoting drug resistance and offer targeted treatment, thereby reducing potential adverse effects; however, the therapeutic potential of mAbs targeting i has not been fully characterized. In this study, mAbs against the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of were isolated in a high-throughput manner.

The Effects of Dexamethasone on Human Lens Epithelial Cells and the Analysis of Related Pathways with Transcriptome Sequencing.

Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and the potential mechanisms.

Methods: HLECs (HLE-B3) were cultured to assess the effects of dexamethasone on cell size at different concentrations. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect specific protein expression in HLE-B3 cells.

Integrated multi-omics and machine learning reveal a gefitinib resistance signature for prognosis and treatment response in lung adenocarcinoma.

Gefitinib resistance (GR) presents a significant challenge in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), highlighting the need for alternative therapies. This study explores the genetic basis of GR to improve prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies. We utilized public databases to obtain GR gene sets, single-cell data, and transcriptome data, applying univariate and multivariate regression analyses alongside machine learning to identify key genes and develop a predictive signature.

Convergent evolution of berberine biosynthesis.

Berberine is an effective antimicrobial and antidiabetic alkaloid, primarily extracted from divergent botanical lineages, specifically (Ranunculales, early-diverging eudicot) and (Sapindales, core eudicot). In comparison with its known pathway in species, its biosynthesis in species remains elusive. Using chromosome-level genome assembly, coexpression matrix, and biochemical assays, we identified six key steps in berberine biosynthesis from , including methylation, hydroxylation, and berberine bridge formation.

Does H3K27me3 expression play a role in patients with Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm? A clinicopathologic analysis of 14 patients.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and aggressive lymphohematopoietic malignancy associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to improve the understanding of BPDCN, explore its prognostic significance, and identify potential therapeutic targets. Data from 14 BPDCN patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed, focusing on their clinicopathological characteristics, diagnostic features, immunophenotype, treatment regimens, and prognostic factors.

Insights on exploring the therapeutic potential and structural modification of Tetrandrine.

Tetrandrine (Tet), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from , is noted for its diverse pharmacological effects but faces limitations in clinical use due to toxicity, poor solubility, and low bioavailability. Researchers are working to address these issues by developing Tet derivatives with greater therapeutic potential through structural modification. Generally, key modifications include: 1) introducing an aromatic heterocycle or a hydrophobic alkyne unit at the -5 position can enhance its antitumor activity; 2) adding an amide, sulfonamide, or electron-withdrawing group at the -14 position can enhance its antitumor activity; 3) changing its structure to a quaternary ammonium salt can alter its solubility and greatly boost its antibacterial activity; 4) structural modification of the -12-methoxybenzyl motif can enhance its metabolic stability and thus change the activity of the analogs; 5) Tet structural simplification may result in the identification of anticancer lead compounds with novel mechanisms of action.

Transcriptome-Based Network Analysis Related to Histone Deacetylase Genes and Identified EMP1 as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis in Bladder Cancer.

Background: Abnormal expression and function of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are closely associated with the development of bladder cancer (BCa). Systematic elucidation of the role of HDACs in BCa is expected to improve BCa prognosis and treatment strategies.

Methods: We explored the correlation and expression patterns of HDAC family genes in BCa.

From Sequence to System: Enhancing IVT mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness through Cutting-Edge Technologies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has spotlighted the potential of in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA vaccines with their demonstrated efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and rapid manufacturing. Numerous IVT mRNA vaccines are now under clinical trials for a range of targets, including infectious diseases, cancers, and genetic disorders. Despite their promise, IVT mRNA vaccines face hurdles such as limited expression levels, nonspecific targeting beyond the liver, rapid degradation, and unintended immune activation.

Establishment and evaluation of nomogram for predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome in meconium-stained amniotic fluid neonates.

Objective: To delineate risk factors and develop a predictive nomogram for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in neonates exposed to meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis of neonates with MSAF, classifying them into ARDS and non-ARDS groups based on the onset of ARDS within the first week after birth. Clinical and laboratory data are collected to screen the risk factors for ARDS in MSAF neonates, multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram to predict the occurrence of neonatal ARDS.