miR-Cabiner: A Universal microRNA Sensing Platform Based on Self-Stacking Cascaded Bicyclic DNA Circuit-Mediated CRISPR/Cas12a.

CRISPR/Cas12a-based diagnostics have great potential for sensing nucleic acids, but their application is limited by the sequence-dependent property. A platform termed miR-Cabiner (a universal NA sensing platform based on self-stacking scaded cyclic DA circuit-mdiated CISPR/Cas12a) is demonstrated herein that is sensitive and universal for analyzing miRNAs. This platform combines catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and hybrid chain reaction (HCR) into a unified circuit and finally cascades to CRISPR/Cas12a.

Medical Humanities in Resident Training: A Pilot Study of Specific Courses in a Large Comprehensive Hospital in China.

Background: The importance of integrating humanities into medical education has been recognized. However, the medical humanities curriculum is usually lacking during standardized training for residents in China. This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of pilot-specific courses in medical humanities in standardized residency training.

Bone health management in endocrine-treated patients with prostate cancer: a summary of evidence.

Objective: This study aimed to gather and assess the most reliable evidence on bone health management in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer, with the goal of informing clinical practice.

Design And Methods: Utilizing the '6S' evidence model, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across various sources such as computerized decision support systems, national and international guideline networks, society websites, and databases encompassing clinical decision-making, guidelines, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, and expert consensus. The search spanned from April 2014 to April 2024, with two researchers independently evaluating the quality of the identified literature.

7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring microstructural changes in the lenticulostriate artery-neural complex in patients with hypertension.

Background: The lenticulostriate artery-neural complex (LNC), which includes the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) and surrounding neural structure, is a new concept proposed by neurologists and plays a pivotal role in hypertension-induced stroke. Conventional low-magnitude magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been successfully used to reveal the microstructural changes of the LNC. This study aimed to evaluate the microstructural changes of the LNC in patients with prestroke hypertension using 7-Tesla (7-T) MRI and to identify the potential MRI biomarkers for monitoring hypertension-related neurological disorders.

Molecular epidemiology of in Hainan Province of China based on O-antigen.

Background: is a gram-negative bacterium widely found in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This bacterium, which lacks an available vaccine, is the causative agent of melioidosis and has properties that potentially enable its exploitation as a bioweapon.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction assays targeting each of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genetic types were used to investigate genotype frequencies in populations.

Regulation of dynamic spatiotemporal inflammation by nanomaterials in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common clinical condition of the central nervous system that can lead to sensory and motor impairment below the injury level or permanent loss of function in severe cases. Dynamic spatiotemporal neuroinflammation is vital to neurological recovery, which is collectively constituted by the dynamic changes in a series of inflammatory cells, including microglia, neutrophils, and astrocytes, among others. Immunomodulatory nanomaterials can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome various drawbacks associated with treatment, such as the off-target side effects and loss of bioactivity of immune agents during circulation.

Clinical characteristics and prediction model of re-positive nucleic acid tests among Omicron infections by machine learning: a real-world study of 35,488 cases.

Background: During the Omicron BA.2 variant outbreak in Shanghai, China, from April to May 2022, PCR nucleic acid test re-positivity (TR) occurred frequently, yet the risk factors and predictive models for TR remain unclear. This study aims to identify the factors influencing Omicron TR and to develop machine learning models to predict TR risk.

Asymmetrically PEGylated and amphipathic heptamethine indocyanine dyes potentiate radiotherapy of renal cell carcinoma via mitochondrial targeting.

Enhancing the sensitivity of radiotherapy (RT) towards renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a challenge because RCC is a radioresistant tumor. In this work, we design and report asymmetrically Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)ylated and amphipathic heptamethine indocyanine dyes for efficient radiosensitization of RCC treatment. They were synthesized by modifying different lengths of PEG chains as hydrophilic moieties on one N-alkyl chain of a mitochondria-targeting heptamethine indocyanine dye (IR-808), and a radiosensitizer 2-nitroimidazole (NM) as a hydrophobic moiety on another N-alkyl chain.

The mental health of Chinese military personnel: a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

Backgrounds: Considering the crucial role of military personnel's mental health in the armed forces, society, and the nation, the present study aims to describe the prevalence and influential factors of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Chinese military personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The present study conducted an epidemiological investigation of mental health among Chinese military personnel between October 25th and November 10th, 2022. Data was collected from military units in thirty provinces across the country.

Non-image-forming photoreceptors improve visual orientation selectivity and image perception.

It has long been a decades-old dogma that image perception is mediated solely by rods and cones, while intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are responsible only for non-image-forming vision, such as circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflexes. Surprisingly, we discovered that ipRGC activation enhances the orientation selectivity of layer 2/3 neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice by both increasing preferred-orientation responses and narrowing tuning bandwidth. Mechanistically, we found that the tuning properties of V1 excitatory and inhibitory neurons are differentially influenced by ipRGC activation, leading to a reshaping of the excitatory/inhibitory balance that enhances visual cortical orientation selectivity.

Biologically inspired bioactive hydrogels for scarless corneal repair.

Corneal injury-induced fibrosis occurs because of corneal epithelial basement membrane (EBM) injury and defective regeneration. Corneal fibrosis inhibition and transparency restoration depend on reestablished EBM, where the collagen network provides structural stability and heparan sulfate binds corneal epithelium-derived cytokines to regulate homeostasis. Inspired by this, bioactive hydrogels (Hep@Gel) composed of collagen-derived gelatins and highly anionic heparin were constructed for scarless corneal repair.

Biphasic Effect of Thyroid Hormone on Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Production.

Abnormal platelet counts are frequently observed in patients with thyroid dysfunction; however, the direct impact of thyroid hormones on thrombopoiesis remains largely undefined. This study elucidates the dose-response effect of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T) on megakaryocyte (MK) development and thrombopoiesis using both a murine model of hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism and cultures of human cord blood CD34 cell-derived MKs. After the application of inhibitors to MKs, the examination of total and phosphorylated protein levels of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway was utilized to assess the specific mechanisms of T action.

Correlation Between Lipoprotein(a) and Prognosis for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a risk factor for first atherosclerotic thrombosis events, but the role of elevated Lp(a) in secondary prevention is controversial. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the influence of elevated Lp(a) levels on the prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods: The team collected and compared clinical information of patients hospitalized during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

CB2R activation enhances tumor-associated macrophages-mediated phagocytosis of glioma cell.

Background: Cannabinoid administration has demonstrated promising anti-tumor effects for glioblastoma (GBM) by inhibiting glioma cell proliferation and inducing glioma cell death. However, the impact of cannabinoids and endocannabinoid receptors on immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains largely unexplored. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant immune cells in the TME, and their mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells have shown potential in preclinical xenografts of various human malignancies.

Engineered Magneto-Piezoelectric Nanoparticles-Enhanced Scaffolds Disrupt Biofilms and Activate Oxidative Phosphorylation in Icam1 Macrophages for Infectious Bone Defect Regeneration.

Infectious bone defects pose significant clinical challenges due to persistent infection and impaired bone healing. Icam1 macrophages were identified as crucial and previously unrecognized regulators in the repair of bone defects, where impaired oxidative phosphorylation within this macrophage subset represents a significant barrier to effective bone regeneration. To address this challenge, dual-responsive iron-doped barium titanate (BFTO) nanoparticles were synthesized with magnetic and ultrasonic properties.

Matrix Viscoelasticity Controls Differentiation of Human Blood Vessel Organoids into Arterioles and Promotes Neovascularization in Myocardial Infarction.

Stem cell-derived blood vessel organoids are embedded in extracellular matrices to stimulate vessel sprouting. Although vascular organoids in 3D collagen I-Matrigel gels are currently available, they are primarily capillaries composed of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and mesenchymal stem-like cells, which necessitate mature arteriole differentiation for neovascularization. In this context, the hypothesis that matrix viscoelasticity regulates vascular development is investigated in 3D cultures by encapsulating blood vessel organoids within viscoelastic gelatin/β-CD assembly dynamic hydrogels or methacryloyl gelatin non-dynamic hydrogels.

[Designs and appropriate choices for diagnostic test accuracy study].

Diagnostic tests are indispensable tools in clinical practice and are rigorously evaluated through scientifically designed accuracy studies before the clinical practice. The accuracy of these tests directly affects the correctness of the diagnosis and the rationality of treatment decisions. This article introduces the types of designs and their characteristics used in diagnostic test accuracy studies, including single-group studies, diagnostic case-control studies, single-group paired studies, and parallel-group studies.

SREBP1c-Mediated Transcriptional Repression of YME1L1 Contributes to Acute Kidney Injury by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Tubular Epithelial Cells.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. Accumulating studies suggest mitochondrial dysfunction as the typical characteristics and key process of AKI, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The YME1-like 1 (YME1L1) ATPase, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, is screened and identified to be downregulated in renal tubular epithelial cells of various mouse models and patients of AKI.

Utilizing machine learning approaches to investigate the relationship between cystatin C and serious complications in esophageal cancer patients after esophagectomy.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between preoperative cystatin C levels and the risk of serious postoperative complications in esophageal cancer (EC) patients, utilizing advanced machine learning (ML) methodologies.

Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study, involving 524 EC patients from December 2014 to July 2022. ML models, including logistic regression (LR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), were applied to investigate the relationship between cystatin C and the serious postoperative complications.

FAPs orchestrate homeostasis of muscle physiology and pathophysiology.

As a common clinical manifestation, muscle weakness is prevalent in people with mobility disorders. Further studies of muscle weakness have found that patients with muscle weakness present with persistent muscle inflammation, loss of muscle fibers, fat infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, we propose the concept of muscle microenvironment homeostasis, which explains the abnormal pathological changes in muscles through the imbalance of muscle microenvironment homeostasis.

An exploratory machine learning model for predicting advanced liver fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis patients: A preliminary study.

Introduction And Objectives: Advanced fibrosis is a crucial stage in the progression of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), where fibrosis can either regress or advance. This study aims to leverage machine learning (ML) models for the assessment of advanced liver fibrosis in AIH patients using routine clinical features.

Patients And Methods: A total of 233 patients diagnosed with AIH and underwent liver biopsy were included in the discovery cohort.

Association Between Multimorbidity and Depression in Older Adults: Evidence From Six Large Longitudinal Cohorts.

Background: Multimorbidity may increase the risk of depression in older adults, but the global average effect of multimorbidity on depression remains unknown. This research aimed to exclude the regional heterogeneity to quantify the exposure-response association between multimorbidity and depression in older adults worldwide.

Method: We collected 23,947 participants aged 65 years or above from six large prospective cohorts from developed and developing countries, including Mexico, South Korea, Europe, America, China, and England.

Chinese guidelines for minimally invasive donor hepatectomy in living donor liver transplantation (2024 edition).

Background: Minimally invasive surgeries are increasingly central to modern medicine, particularly in liver transplantation. These techniques, which offer reduced trauma, precise operations, minimal bleeding, and swift recovery, are, however, unevenly adopted across China. Only a limited number of centers routinely perform minimally invasive donor hepatectomies, indicating a significant imbalance in the development and application of these advanced procedures.