Inulin alleviates atherosclerosis through improving lipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota in ApoE-knockout mice: the short-chain is more efficacious.

Introduction: Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered the underlying cause of many diseases, particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Inulin, a type of fructan, has shown potential in improving atherosclerosis, although there are conflicting findings. It is hypothesized that the polymerization degree of inulin may largely influence its therapeutic effectiveness.

Autoantibodies to BACE1 promote Aβ accumulation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.

The profile of autoantibodies is dysregulated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autoantibodies to beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) are present in human blood. This study aims to investigate the clinical relevance and pathophysiological roles of autoantibodies to BACE1 in AD.

Interactions and communications in the prostate tumour microenvironment: evolving towards effective cancer therapy.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a critical role in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of prostate cancer. TME contains various cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells, immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes B and T, natural killer (NK) cells, and other proteins such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components.

Regional Reliability of Combining CT Angiography-source Image and Non-contrast CT in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

CT angiography-source image (CTA-SI) can be used as an effective alternative to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for identifying acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study investigates the reliability of combining CTA-SI with non-contrast CT (NCCT) for AIS diagnosis, with a focus on how different brain areas affect diagnostic accuracy. Patients with various subtypes of AIS who underwent NCCT, CTA, and DWI from January to December 2022 were included.

Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric (3 + 2) Annulations of Propargylic Carbonates and Vinylogous Donors via an Alkenylation Pathway.

The transition-metal-catalyzed alkenylation strategy of propargylic alcohol derivatives provides an efficient protocol to access multifunctional products in a double-nucleophilic attack pattern. While limited relevant asymmetric examples have been reported via palladium catalysis, here we first demonstrate that a nonprecious Ni(0)-based chiral complex can efficiently promote the tandem substitution process between propargylic carbonates and -trifluoroethyl ketimines via consecutive aza-vinylogous activations, finally accomplishing a (3 + 2) annulation reaction to afford products embedding a 4-methylene-3,4-dihydro-2-pyrrole framework with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantiocontrol. Their assemblies with a few all-carbon-based vinylogous precursors are also successful, and enantioenriched adducts containing a 3-methylenecyclopentene scaffold are furnished effectively.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Tenecteplase Before Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Multicenter, Randomized, BRIDGE-TNK Trial Protocol.

Background: Six randomized trials have not detected a difference between intravenous alteplase plus endovascular thrombectomy and endovascular thrombectomy alone in stroke. Tenecteplase, a recombinant human tenecteplase tissue-type plasminogen activator, is a genetically modified variant of alteplase. It is unclear whether the outcomes are different if alteplase is replaced with tenecteplase.

A study of intersphincteric resection rate following robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision versus laparoscopic-assisted total mesorectal excision for patients with middle and low rectal cancer: study protocol for a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Robotic-assisted complete mesorectal excision (RATME) is increasingly being used by colorectal surgeons. Most surgeons consider RATME a safe method, and believe it can facilitate total mesorectal excision (TME) in rectal cancer, and may potentially have advantages over intersphincteric resection (ISR) and anus preservation. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate whether RATME has technical advantages and can increase the ISR rate compared with laparoscopic-assisted TME (LATME) in patients with middle and low rectal cancer.

The moderation effect of GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms on the association of sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number and sperm mobility.

Oxidative stress (OS) is believed to be a significant factor in the decline of semen quality, with mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) serving as a sensitive biomarker for both semen quality and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from oxidative stress. While glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are commonly known as 'antioxidant' enzymes, there is ongoing debate regarding the relationship between GST genotypes and semen quality. In a study involving 568 male volunteers from the outpatient department of Puyang Reproductive Medicine Center, sperm mtDNAcn, semen quality, and GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes were analyzed to investigate the potential link between GSTM1/GSTT1 gene variations and semen quality, as well as the impact of GSTs gene variations on the connection between sperm mtDNAcn and semen quality.

Microenvironmental alkalization promotes the therapeutic effects of MSLN-CAR-T cells.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high invasion, prone metastasis, frequent recurrence and poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the curative effects of current clinical therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, are still limited in patients with TNBC. In this study, we showed that the heterogeneous expression at the protein level and subcellular location of mesothelin (MSLN), a potential target for chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy in TNBC, which is caused by acidification of the tumor microenvironment, may be the main obstacle to therapeutic efficacy.

BopE suppresses the Rab32-dependent defense pathway to promote its intracellular replication and virulence.

Melioidosis is a serious infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium . Recently, Rab32-dependent immune vesicles emerge as a critical defense pathway to restrict the intracellular . However, can evade host immune vesicles and survive in the cytoplasm, although this mechanism is not well understood.

Utilizing a Fully Digital Approach for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment and Zygomatic Implant-Based Rehabilitation for Maxillary Defects.

This clinical report details the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of a patient with a severe maxillary defect secondary to subtotal maxillectomy for oral squamous cell carcinoma using a maxillary prosthesis anchored by 4 zygomatic implants. The procedure involved meticulous subtotal maxillectomy and defect repair with zygomatic implant support, incorporating advanced digital surgical methods, including 3D reconstruction, computer-guided surgery, and photogrammetry (Icam4D). A 3D finite element analysis was conducted to assess the method's efficacy in analyzing stress distribution around the zygomatic implants.

IL-1 signaling in aging and cancer: An inflammaging feedback loop unveiled.

In a Science paper, Park et al. identified interleukin (IL)-1α as a key driver of positive feedback in inflammaging, linking aging-associated downregulation of DNMT3A to increased IL-1α production in lung myeloid cells. This triggers emergency myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, amplifying myeloid-mediated intratumoral immunosuppression for tumor progression in aged mice.

Exploring the changing landscape of medical imaging: insights from highly cited studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To investigate whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed medical imaging trends by synthesizing the highly cited studies before and during the pandemic.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we identified highly cited studies on medical imaging from the essential science indicators (ESI) database, categorizing them into two periods: before the pandemic (January 2016-December 2019) and during the pandemic (January 2020-December 2023). We conducted a global research landscape comparative analysis and utilized CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to create knowledge maps for analyzing the co-occurrences of keywords and references in this field.

Modular Synthesis of -Difluorotetrahydrocarbazolone Scaffolds via Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Bromodifluoroacetyl Indoles and Olefins.

A novel and efficient modular synthesis of -difluorotetrahydrocarbazolone scaffolds via copper-catalyzed radical cascade cyclization of bromodifluoroacetyl indoles and olefins has been reported. This operationally simple protocol provides straightforward and practical access to a series of privileged -difluorotetrahydrocarbazolone scaffolds from readily available starting materials, with the feature of broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the method could be used for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, which opens up the possibility for practical applications.

Recognizing the biological barriers and pathophysiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract for the design and application of nanotherapeutics.

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an important and complex system by which humans to digest food and absorb nutrients. The GIT is vulnerable to diseases, which may led to discomfort or even death in humans. Therapeutics for GIT disease treatment face multiple biological barriers, which significantly decrease the efficacy of therapeutics.

Development and validation of a prognostic score for TIPS placement in patients with viral hepatitis cirrhosis-related portal hypertension: a multi-center retrospective study.

Introduction: There is no established scoring model focused on viral hepatitis patients to predict the prognosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). We aimed to develop and validate a novel model based on the largest cohort for better prediction of both short-term (1 year) and long-term (3 years) postoperative prognoses after TIPS in viral hepatitis cirrhosis-related portal hypertension patients.

Methods: A total of 925 viral hepatitis cirrhosis-related portal hypertension patients who underwent TIPS from nine hospitals were divided into the training and external validation cohorts.