Intestinal Subtype as a Biomarker of Response to Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Insights from a Prospective Phase II Trial.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC) markedly induces pathologic regression in locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. However, specific biomarkers are still lacking to effectively identify the beneficiary patients for NAIC.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, single-arm, phase II study was conducted to treat locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma with NAIC (NCT05515796).

Effect of Intravenous Tirofiban Versus Placebo on First-Pass Successful Reperfusion in Endovascular Stroke Thrombectomy: Insights From the RESCUE BT Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: First-pass successful reperfusion (FPSR), defined as a successful/complete reperfusion achieved after a single thrombectomy pass, is predictive of favorable outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion. It is unknown whether intravenous tirofiban is effective in increasing the rate of FPSR in acute anterior large-vessel occlusion stroke.

Methods And Results: Patients who had acute large-vessel occlusion stroke presenting within 24 hours and underwent endovascular thrombectomy were analyzed from the RESCUE BT (Intravenous Tirofiban for Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke) clinical trial, of which the main analysis was neutral.

Integrated temporal transcriptional and epigenetic single-cell analysis reveals the intrarenal immune characteristics in an early-stage model of IgA nephropathy during its acute injury.

Rationale: Kidney inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), yet the specific phenotypes of immune cells involved in disease progression remain incompletely understood. Utilizing joint profiling through longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATACseq) can provide a comprehensive framework for elucidating the development of cell subset diversity and how chromatin accessibility regulates transcription.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the dynamic immune cellular landscape at a high resolution in an early IgAN mouse model with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Biodegradable iridium coordinated nanodrugs potentiate photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy of lung cancer.

Hypoxia, which is a common characteristic of most solid tumors, not only contributes to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) but also reduces the efficacy of many oxygen-depleting therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, we developed acidity-responsive biodegradable iridium-coordinated (IPC) nanodrugs consisting of iridium ions, the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), and polyvinylpyrrolidone to potentiate the effects of PDT and immunotherapy by modulating the TME. IPC nanodrugs that accumulate at high levels in tumors catalyze excess hydrogen peroxide to produce oxygen while depleting glutathione levels within cancer cells; thus, the released Ce6 is more efficient at producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to laser irradiation.

A novel hollow iron nanoparticle system loading PEG-FeO with C5a receptor antagonist for breast cancer treatment.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed malignancy and major cause of cancer death among women population in the worldwide. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered iron-dependent regulated cell death involved in tumor progression and therapeutic response. Moreover, increasing studies have implied that ferroptosis is a promising approach to eliminating cancer cells like developing iron nanoparticles as a therapeutic agent.

The application of photodynamic therapy in recurrent genital herpes.

Background: Frequently, recurrence of genital herpes imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on patients, and existing treatments are often ineffective in preventing recurrence. Previous studies have indicated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) showed promising outcomes in the treatment of labial herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections; however, its efficacy for genital herpes remained unclear.

Method: The study screened patients with genital herpes at Daping Hospital from July 2020 to May 2024.

Efficient adsorption performance of uranium in wastewater by novel MXene material TiVCT and its aerogel composites.

This work focuses on the application potential of novel MXene materials in the field of uranium-containing wastewater adsorption, particularly addressing gaps in existing research. Ultra-thin layered TiVCT was selected as the core adsorbent to thoroughly investigate its adsorption performance of uranium(U(vi))-containing wastewater. By compounding with sodium alginate, we successfully prepared easily recoverable aerogel beads and evaluated their adsorption capacity for ultra-low concentrations of U(vi) in seawater.

Hypothalamic P62 (SQSTM1) regulates energy balance by modulating leptin signaling.

Rationale: The multifaceted functions of p62 (SQSTM1) are increasingly recognized, but its role in hypothalamic metabolism-associated neurons for energy balance has yet to be elucidated.

Methods: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) was performed on hypothalamic tissues from db/db and db/m mice to explore p62 expression. Overexpression and knockout of p62 in hypothalamic POMC neurons were performed AAV-mediated gene delivery and Cre-loxP systems.

A multifunctional electronic dressing with textile-like structure for wound pressure monitoring and treatment.

In the treatment of infected wounds in bedridden or lying chair patients with mobility problems, improper wound care can lead to wound deterioration, prolong disease pain, increase treatment and care costs, and bring heavier psychological, physical, and economic burdens to patients. In the process of wound recovery, patients with mobility problems mainly face the comprehensive problems of poor air permeability, wound pressure could not be monitored, wound infection and slow healing. Therefore, in the process of wound care for such patients, it is imperative to develop a gas permeable dressing that can monitor the patient's wound compression status in real time and promote wound healing.

Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enable Tumor Tropism Chemo-Genetherapy for Local Immune Activation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly heterogeneous, lacks accessible therapeutic targets, and features an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Anthracycline-based chemotherapy remains the primary treatment method for TNBC, while the current popular immune checkpoint inhibitors persistently encounter therapeutic resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore combined therapeutic strategies to remodel the TME and improve the treatment response.

Reduced intestinal-to-diffuse conversion and immunosuppressive responses underlie superiority of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NAIC) achieves superior clinical benefits over neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in multiple types of human cancers, including gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). However, it is poorly understood how the malignant epithelial cells and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) might respond distinctly to NAIC and NAC that underlies therapeutic efficacy. Here treatment-naive and paired tumor tissues from multiple centers were subjected to pathological, immunological, and transcriptomic analysis.

Predicting survival benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in lung cancer patients: a machine learning approach using real-world data.

Background: Due to the heterogeneity in the effectiveness of immunotherapy for lung cancer, identifying predictors is crucial.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to identify predictors of overall survival in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Method: A retrospective analysis was performed on data from 1314 lung cancer patients at the Chongqing University Cancer Hospital from September 2018 to September 2022.

Rhoifolin Attenuates Concanavalin A-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice via JAKs/STATs Mediated Immune and Apoptotic Processes.

Rhoifolin (ROF) exhibits a diverse range of biological activities, encompassing anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antirheumatic, and antiviral properties. However, the specific protective effects and possible mechanisms of the compound against T-cell-mediated autoimmune hepatitis have not been previously elucidated. In the present study, adult male mice were administered Con A (20 mg/kg, intravenously) for 8 h.

Locally Injectable Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate Hydrogel Doped with Triptolide-Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tends to occur in symmetrical joints and is always accompanied by synovial hyperplasia and cartilage damage. Triptolide (TP), an extract from , has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and could be used in the treatment of RA. However, its poor water solubility and the multi-system lesions caused by the use of this substance limit its clinical application.

Isolated theta waves originating from the midline thalamus trigger memory reactivation during NREM sleep in mice.

During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, neural ensembles in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit responsible for encoding recent memories undergo reactivation to facilitate the process of memory consolidation. This reactivation is widely acknowledged as pivotal for the formation of stable memory and its impairment is closely associated with memory dysfunction. To date, the neural mechanisms driving the reactivation of neural ensembles during NREM sleep remain poorly understood.

NAT10 promotes vascular remodelling via mRNA ac4C acetylation.

Background And Aims: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching is a pathological hallmark in various cardiovascular diseases. N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is well conserved in the enzymatic modification of ribonucleic acid (RNA). NAT10-mediated ac4C acetylation is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including cardiac remodelling.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults From 1990 to 2021: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young adults demands greater attention, given its poor prognosis; however, there has been a paucity of epidemiological data. The objective of this study is to estimate the temporal trends and distribution characteristics of the disease burden in 204 countries or territories between 1990 and 2021.

Methods And Results: The data, including incidence, mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates were sourced from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.