How I Do It: Management of Pleural-attached Pulmonary Nodules in Low-Dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. In various trials, the ability of low-dose CT screening to diagnose early lung cancers leads to high cure rates. It is widely accepted that the potential benefits of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer outweigh the harms.

Gastro-oesophageal reflux-related chronic cough: can new tools improve patient assessment?

https://bit.ly/41woxTD.

Exploring the mechanism of Radix Bupleuri in the treatment of depression combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection through bioinformatics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation.

Background: Radix Bupleuri is commonly used in treating depression and acute respiratory diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 infection in China. However, its underlying mechanism in treating major depressive disorder combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear.

Aim: This study aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of Radix Bupleuri in treating major depressive disorder combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection, employing bioinformatics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation techniques.

Circular RNA promoted tumorigenesis and osimertinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma via a circular RNA-microRNA network.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitized mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (). However, resistance to TKIs is a major clinical issue that affects the survival and prognosis of the patients, with the mechanisms underlying this resistance remaining elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules, which are generated from pre-messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through back splicing.

Spontaneous ventilation video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for octogenarian non-small cell lung cancer patients: a non-inferiority study.

Background: The benefits of spontaneous ventilation (SV)-video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in octogenarian patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have rarely been reported. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the safety and feasibility of SV-VATS in octogenarian patients with NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with NSCLC aged >80 years who underwent SV-VATS or mechanical ventilation (MV)-VATS between 2017 and 2022 were included in this study.

IgA class switching enhances neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 by increased antibody hinge flexibility.

IgA antibodies are critical components of the mucosal immune barrier, providing essential first-line defense against viral infections. In this study, we investigated the impact of antibody class switching on neutralization efficacy by engineering recombinant antibodies of different isotypes (IgA1, IgG1) with identical variable regions from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients. A potent, broad-spectrum neutralizing monoclonal antibody CAV-C65 exhibited a ten-fold increase in neutralization potency upon switching from IgG1 to IgA1 monomer.

Enhanced detection of Cystatin C for predicting adverse outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus using a point-of-care immunosensor.

Cystatin C (Cys-C) is emerging as a critical biomarker for assess gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition that significantly impacts maternal and fetal health. In this study, we developed a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor designed for point-of-care applications, offering lower reagent consumption and rapid detection of Cys-C in pregnant women with GDM. Compared to traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), the sensor demonstrates enhanced sensitivity, reduced reagent usage, and faster detection.

Protocol for evaluating humoral immune responses in mice following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Binding and neutralizing antibodies are critical indicators of protection against viral pathogens and are essential for assessing the immunogenicity and efficacy of a vaccine. Here, we present a protocol comprising two assays for measuring the spike-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies in mouse plasma following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We describe steps for determining binding antibody titers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and assessing neutralizing antibody titers through a pseudovirus neutralization assay.

Thirteen serum biochemical indexes and five whole blood coagulation indices in a point-of-care testing analyzer: ideal protocol for evaluating pulmonary and critical care medicine.

The accurate and timely detection of biochemical coagulation indicators is pivotal in pulmonary and critical care medicine. Despite their reliability, traditional laboratories often lag in terms of rapid diagnosis. Point-of-care testing (POCT) has emerged as a promising alternative, which is awaiting rigorous validation.

Development and validation of a scoring model for predicting surgical benefit in patients with Masaoka stage III/IV thymic carcinomas.

Background: Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare and aggressive thymic tumors that are usually detected in advanced stages. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment; however, the role of surgery in advanced disease is controversial due to factors such as myasthenia gravis; thus, decisions about whether to perform surgical interventions are complex. Further studies need to be conducted to explore the potential benefits of surgery in the treatment of advanced thymic tumors.

A 10 Year Long-Lived Cellular and Humoral MERS-CoV Immunity Cross-Recognizing the Wild-Type and Variants of SARS-CoV-2: A Potential One-Way MERS-CoV Cross-Protection Toward a Pan-Coronavirus Vaccine.

MERS is a respiratory disease caused by MERS-CoV. Multiple outbreaks have been reported, and the virus co-circulates with SARS-CoV-2. The long-term (> 6 years) cellular and humoral immune responses to MERS-CoV and their potential cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants are unknown.

Rapid Generation of Reverse Genetics Systems for Coronavirus Research and High-Throughput Antiviral Screening Using Gibson DNA Assembly.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a significant threat to human health, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The large size of the CoV genome (around 30 kb) represents a major obstacle to the development of reverse genetics systems, which are invaluable for basic research and antiviral drug screening. In this study, we established a rapid and convenient method for generating reverse genetic systems for various CoVs using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector and Gibson DNA assembly.

Efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation with modern rehabilitation techniques in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with post-motor dysfunction.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) refers to a sudden loss of blood flow in a region of the brain, which leads to a loss of neurological function.

Purpose: To unveil the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with modern rehabilitation techniques in AIS patients with post-motor dysfunction.

Material And Methods: A total of 200 AIS patients with post-motor dysfunction were divided into groups A, B, C, and D (n = 50).

Predicting Time to First Rejection Episode in Lung Transplant Patients Using a Comprehensive Multi-Indicator Model.

Background: Rejection hinders long-term survival in lung transplantation, and no widely accepted biomarkers exist to predict rejection risk. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model using laboratory data to predict the time to first rejection episode in lung transplant recipients.

Methods: Data from 160 lung transplant recipients were retrospectively collected.

Diagnostic accuracy of folate receptor-positive circulating tumor cells in differentiating between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.

Background: Currently, traditional blood biomarkers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) etc. are mostly elevated in the late stage of tumour, and patients have already lost the chance of tumour eradication when the relevant indexes are found to be elevated. Therefore, there is a need for blood biomarkers with higher sensitivity, better specificity, and better accessibility.

Asthma-associated prostate enlargement and bladder smooth muscle hypercontractility: unveiling a potential link to LUTS.

Background: In male patients, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and overactive bladder (OAB) secondary to BPH are the primary causes of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). Recent clinical studies have reported an increased risk of LUTS, particularly severe LUTS conditions, in male asthmatic patients. However, the potential link and mechanism remain unclear.

The efficacy and safety of thymosin α1 for sepsis (TESTS): multicentre, double blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether the immunomodulatory drug thymosin α1 reduces mortality in adults with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre, double blinded, placebo controlled phase 3 trial.

Setting: 22 centres in China, September 2016 to December 2020.

Association between impaired diffusion capacity and small airway dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Small airway dysfunction (SAD) and impaired diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide ( ) are positively associated with a worse prognosis. Individuals with both dysfunctions have been identified in clinical practice and it is unknown whether they have worse health status or need management. We conducted this study to explore the association between SAD and impaired , and the difference between the groups with two dysfunctions, with either one dysfunction and with no dysfunction.

Sequential intranasal booster triggers class switching from intramuscularly primed IgG to mucosal IgA against SARS-CoV-2.

The persistent emergence of COVID-19 variants and recurrent waves of infection worldwide underscores the urgent need for vaccines that effectively reduce viral transmission and prevent infections. Current intramuscular (IM) COVID-19 vaccines inadequately protect the upper respiratory mucosa. In response, we have developed a nonadjuvanted, interferon-armed SARS-CoV-2 fusion protein vaccine with IM priming and intranasal (IN) boost sequential immunization.

Survival and early outcomes following lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease associated with non-scleroderma connective tissue disease: a national cohort study.

Objectives: The progressive decline in interstitial lung disease associated with non-scleroderma connective tissue disease (ILD-NSCTD) is linked to poor prognosis and frequently results in respiratory failure. Lung transplantation (LTx) offers a viable treatment option, yet its outcomes in ILD-NSCTD remain contentious, particularly across different subtypes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (n=11,610) and ILD-NSCTD (n=610) listed in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database who underwent lung transplantation between May 5, 2005, and December 31, 2022.

Comprehensive analyses reveal the promising value of gasdermins as prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: In several studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), the regulation of tumorigenesis and therapeutic sensitivity by pyroptosis has been observed. However, a systematic analysis of gasdermin family members (GSDMs, including GSDMA/B/C/D/E and PJVK), which are deterministic executors of pyroptosis, has not yet been reported in HNSC.

Methods: We performed comprehensive analyses of the expression profile, prognostic value, regulatory network, and immune infiltration modulation of GSDMs in HNSC on the basis of a computational approach and bioinformatic analysis of publicly available datasets.

Baseline characteristics of patients in the Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China): a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Bronchiectasis is a disease with a global impact, but most published data come from high-income countries. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis in China.

Methods: The Chinese Bronchiectasis Registry (BE-China) is a prospective, observational cohort enrolling patients from 111 hospitals in China.