Pharmacokinetic Research in Pediatric Extracorporeal Therapies: Current State and Future Directions.

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), are life-saving therapies for critically ill children. Despite this, these modalities carry frustratingly high mortality rates. One driver of mortality may be altered drug disposition due to a combination of underlying illness, patient-circuit interactions, and drug-circuit interactions.

The smallest electrochemical bubbles.

Many of the relevant electrochemical processes in the context of catalysis or energy conversion and storage, entail the production of gases. This often implicates the nucleation of bubbles at the interface, with the concomitant blockage of the electroactive area leading to overpotentials and Ohmic drop. Nanoelectrodes have been envisioned as assets to revert this effect, by inhibiting bubble formation.

Confidence to Return to Play After Concussion.

Context: The sequelae of concussion may have psychological consequences that affect an athlete's ability to return to play (RTP). However, confidence of RTP readiness is rarely monitored after a concussion.

Design: This study examined the acute and longitudinal implications of concussion on an athlete's confidence to RTP, the relationship between self-reported symptoms and athlete confidence to RTP, and interactions between concussion symptoms, sex, sport type (contact vs noncontact), and confidence to RTP.

Increased Risk for Clinically Significant Sleep Disturbances in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Approach to Leveraging the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research Database.

Study Objectives: The Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research (FITBIR) Informatics System contains individual-patient-level traumatic brain injury (TBI) data, which when combined, allows for the examination of rates and outcomes for key subpopulations at risk for developing sleep disturbance.

Methods: This proof-of-concept study creates a model system for harmonizing data (i.e.

Daratumumab with lenalidomide as maintenance after transplant in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: the AURIGA study.

No randomized trial has directly compared daratumumab and lenalidomide (D-R) maintenance with standard-of-care lenalidomide (R) alone after transplant. Herein, we report the primary results of the phase 3 AURIGA study evaluating D-R vs R maintenance in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) who had very good or better partial response, were minimal residual disease (MRD)-positive (10-5) and anti-CD38-naïve after transplant. Two hundred patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to D-R (n = 99) or R (n = 101) maintenance for up to 36 cycles.

Regenerative Variability of Human Juvenile Chondrocyte Sheets From Different Cell Donors in an Athymic Rat Knee Chondral Defect Model.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish a combined histological assessment system of neo-cartilage outcomes and to evaluate variations in an established rat defect model treated with human juvenile cartilage-derived chondrocyte (JCC) sheets fabricated from various donors.

Methods: JCCs were isolated from the polydactylous digits of eight patients. Passage 2 (P2) JCC sheets from all donors were transplanted into nude rat chondral defects for 4 weeks (27 nude rats in total).

Steady-state trumps accuracy: target-controlled infusion as a gain switch.

Target-controlled infusion (TCI) is a mature technology that enables the delivery of intravenous anaesthetics in the concentration domain. The accuracy of the pharmacologic models used by TCI systems is imperfect, especially regarding pharmacodynamic predictions. This shortcoming of TCI devices is not critical.

From prenatal maternal anxiety and respiratory sinus arrhythmia to toddler internalizing problems: The role of infant negative affectivity.

Prenatal maternal anxiety is considered a risk factor for the development of child internalizing problems. However, little is known about potential mechanisms that account for these associations. The current study examined whether prenatal maternal anxiety was indirectly associated with toddler internalizing problems via prenatal maternal physiology and infant negative affectivity.

Deceased Organ Donor HTLV Screening Practices Postelimination of Universal Screening in the United States.

Background: In the United States, universal screening for human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in deceased organ donors was discontinued in 2009. Since then, the transplant guideline suggests considering targeted screening. However, the outcomes of this change in HTLV screening have not been evaluated.

Efficacy of Complexity-Based Target Selection for Treating Morphosyntactic Deficits in Children With Developmental Language Disorder and Children With Down Syndrome: A Single-Case Experimental Design.

Purpose: Selecting targets for morphosyntactic intervention is a critical component of treatment planning. The complexity approach suggests that, by treating a complex morphosyntactic target, improvements will occur for the treated structure and for related, simpler structures. This study evaluated the efficacy of the complexity approach for treating morphosyntactic deficits by targeting a complex BE verb question structure for children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and children with Down syndrome (DS) and observing its impact on treated and untreated BE verb structures.

The structural role of Skp1 in the synaptonemal complex is conserved in nematodes.

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiotic interface that assembles between parental chromosomes and is essential for gamete formation. While the dimensions and ultrastructure of the SC are conserved across eukaryotes, its protein components are highly divergent. Recently, an unexpected component of the SC has been described in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: the Skp1-related proteins SKR-1/2, which are components of the Skp1, Cullin, F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase.

Updates on Clinical Language Sampling Practices: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists Practicing in the United States.

Purpose: Language sample analysis (LSA) provides many benefits for assessing, identifying therapy goals, and monitoring the progress of children with language disorders. Despite these widely recognized advantages, previous surveys suggest the declining use of LSA by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This study aimed to provide updates on clinical LSA use following the recent introduction of two new LSA protocols, namely, the Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised (SUGAR) protocol and the Computerized Language Analysis KIDEVAL program.

Development of a Health Insurance Navigation Program for Long-Term Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Adapting interventions to new contexts requires consideration of the needs, norms, and delivery structures of the new setting. We describe how we followed the ORBIT model of intervention development to create Health Insurance Navigation Tools (HINT), a health insurance patient navigation intervention for childhood cancer survivors. By engaging stakeholders and leveraging institutional resources, we identified and preemptively addressed real-world barriers, which may improve the feasibility and efficacy of the intervention.

Machine Learning a Simple Interpretable Short-Range Potential for Silica.

A wide array of models, spanning from computationally expensive ab initio methods to a spectrum of force-field approaches, have been developed and employed to probe silica polymorphs and understand growth processes and atomic-level dynamical transitions in silica. However, the quest for a model capable of making accurate predictions with high computational efficiency for various silica polymorphs is still ongoing. Recent developments in short-range machine-learned models, such as GAP and NNPScan, have shown promise in providing reasonable descriptions of silica, but their computational cost remains high compared to force fields such as BKS which are based on simple interpretable functional forms.

Contributions of mirror-image hair cell orientation to mouse otolith organ and zebrafish neuromast function.

Otolith organs in the inner ear and neuromasts in the fish lateral-line harbor two populations of hair cells oriented to detect stimuli in opposing directions. The underlying mechanism is highly conserved: the transcription factor EMX2 is regionally expressed in just one hair cell population and acts through the receptor GPR156 to reverse cell orientation relative to the other population. In mouse and zebrafish, loss of Emx2 results in sensory organs that harbor only one hair cell orientation and are not innervated properly.