Exploring Non-Toxic Lower Dimensional Perovskites for Next-Generation X-Ray Detectors.

Owing to their extraordinary photophysical properties, organometal halide perovskites are emerging as a new material class for X-ray detection. However, the existence of toxic lead makes their commercialization questionable and should readily be replaced. Accordingly, several lead alternatives have been introduced into the framework of conventional perovskites, resulting in various new perovskite dimensionalities.

A Case for Acute Proximal Row Carpectomy for Perilunate Injuries.

Background: Perilunate injuries are complex injuries typically arising from high-energy injuries to the wrist. Standard treatment involves open reduction and internal fixation with ligamentous reconstruction; however, outcomes are fraught with complications including pain, stiffness, and arthrosis. Several case reports have demonstrated the role of proximal row carpectomy as a salvage procedure for complex carpal trauma in the setting of significant cartilage injury or bone loss.

Hexavalent Chromium Targets Securin to Drive Numerical Chromosome Instability in Human Lung Cells.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known human lung carcinogen with widespread exposure in environmental and occupational settings. Despite well-known cancer risks, the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood, but a major driver of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis is chromosome instability. Previously, we reported Cr(VI) induced numerical chromosome instability, premature centriole disengagement, centrosome amplification, premature centromere division, and spindle assembly checkpoint bypass.

Emotion regulation from a virtue perspective.

Background: The ability to regulate one's emotional state is an important predictor of several behaviors such as reframing a challenging situation to reduce anger or anxiety, concealing visible signs of sadness or fear, or focusing on reasons to feel happy or calm. This capacity is referred to as emotion regulation. Deficits in this ability can adversely affect one's adaptive coping, thus are associated with a variety of other psychopathological symptoms, including but not limited to depression, borderline personality disorder, substance use disorders, eating disorders, and somatoform disorders.

Repetitive spreading depolarization induces gene expression changes related to synaptic plasticity and neuroprotective pathways.

Spreading depolarization (SD) is a slowly propagating wave of profound depolarization that sweeps through cortical tissue. While much emphasis has been placed on the damaging consequences of SD, there is uncertainty surrounding the potential activation of beneficial pathways such as cell survival and plasticity. The present study used unbiased assessments of gene expression to evaluate that compensatory and repair mechanisms could be recruited following SD, regardless of the induction method, which prior to this work had not been assessed.

Evidence-Based Guideline for Prehospital Airway Management.

Airway management is a cornerstone of emergency medical care. This project aimed to create evidence-based guidelines based on the systematic review recently conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). A technical expert panel was assembled to review the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.

Liquid biopsy: from concept to clinical application.

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer presents a physical and mental burden to the patient, often involving diagnostic biopsies and surgeries or chemotherapeutic approaches with severe side-effects. Advances which enable early detection of cancer and close monitoring of the disease course without invasive procedures, and which can underpin a tailored approach to treatment, can therefore make a big difference to the quality of life of patients. Liquid biopsies can be used to access tumor cells and tumor DNA circulating in the blood.

Synthetic Biohybrids of Red Blood Cells and Cascaded-Enzymes@ Metal-Organic Frameworks for Hyperuricemia Treatment.

Hyperuricemia, caused by an imbalance between the rates of production and excretion of uric acid (UA), may greatly increase the mortality rates in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Herein, for fast-acting and long-lasting hyperuricemia treatment, armored red blood cell (RBC) biohybrids, integrated RBCs with proximal, cascaded-enzymes of urate oxidase (UOX) and catalase (CAT) encapsulated within ZIF-8 framework-based nanoparticles, have been fabricated based on a super-assembly approach. Each component is crucial for hyperuricemia treatment: 1) RBCs significantly increase the circulation time of nanoparticles; 2) ZIF-8 nanoparticles-based superstructure greatly enhances RBCs resistance against external stressors while preserving native RBC properties (such as oxygen carrying capability); 3) the ZIF-8 scaffold protects the encapsulated enzymes from enzymatic degradation; 4) no physical barrier exists for urate diffusion, and thus allow fast degradation of UA in blood and neutralizes the toxic by-product H O .

Exploration versus exploitation decisions in the human brain: A systematic review of functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies.

Thoughts and actions are often driven by a decision to either explore new avenues with unknown outcomes, or to exploit known options with predictable outcomes. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying this exploration-exploitation trade-off in humans remain poorly understood. This is attributable to variability in the operationalization of exploration and exploitation as psychological constructs, as well as the heterogeneity of experimental protocols and paradigms used to study these choice behaviours.

Advancing Our Understanding of Pyranopterin-Dithiolene Contributions to Moco Enzyme Catalysis.

The pyranopterin dithiolene ligand is remarkable in terms of its geometric and electronic structure and is uniquely found in mononuclear molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The pyranopterin dithiolene is found coordinated to the metal ion, deeply buried within the protein, and non-covalently attached to the protein via an extensive hydrogen bonding network that is enzyme-specific. However, the function of pyranopterin dithiolene in enzymatic catalysis has been difficult to determine.

An Integrated Platform for Electrophysiology in Spatial Cognition Experiments.

Spatial cognition research requires behavioral paradigms that can distinguish between different navigational elements, such as allocentric (map-like) navigation and egocentric (e.g., body centered) navigation.

Applying a Developmental Model to Preliterate Aided Language Learning.

Purpose: Childhood spoken language interventions and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions share a common purpose: maximizing communication and language outcomes. To ensure that interventions for children who require AAC also address expressive language acquisition, this clinical focus article focuses on how to apply a developmental model of language acquisition to guide AAC decision making for preliterate aided communicators, with a particular focus on vocabulary selection.

Method: A brief review of early expressive language development is presented, along with arguments for why relying on a developmental model to guide AAC decision making is so critical.

The computational model of nanofluid considering heat transfer and entropy generation across a curved and flat surface.

The entropy generation analysis for the nanofluid flowing over a stretching/shrinking curved region is performed in the existence of the cross-diffusion effect. The surface is also subjected to second-order velocity slip under the effect of mixed convection. The Joule heating that contributes significantly to the heat transfer properties of nanofluid is incorporated along with the heat source/sink.

Variation from closed-shell to open shell electronic structures in oligothiophene bis(dioxolene) complexes.

A series of oligothiophene bis(dioxolene) complexes, SQ-Th-SQ (SQ = = ½TpZn(3--butyl-orthosemiquinonate); Tp = tris(5-cumenyl-3-methylpyrazolyl)borate anion) have been synthesized, structurally characterized, and studied as a function of the number of thiophene bridging units, ( = 0-3) using a combination of variable-temperature (VT) electronic absorption and EPR spectroscopies, and VT magnetic susceptibility measurements. The thiophene bridge bond lengths determined by X-ray crystallography display dramatic differences across the SQ-Th-SQ series. Bridge bond deviation values (Σ||) display a progressive change in the nature of the bridge fragment bonding as the number of thiophene groups increases, with quinoidal bridge character for = 1 (SQ-Th-SQ) and biradical character with "aromatic" bridge bond lengths for = 3 (SQ-Th-SQ).

Predicting nodal metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue using artificial intelligence.

Objective: The presence of occult nodal metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue has implications for treatment. Upwards of 30% of patients will have occult nodal metastases, yet a significant number of patients undergo unnecessary neck dissection to confirm nodal status. This study sought to predict the presence of nodal metastases in patients with SCC of the oral tongue using a convolutional neural network (CNN) that analyzed visual histopathology from the primary tumor alone.

Introducing the Dysphagiameter: a novel patient-reported outcome measure for evaluating dysphagia in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy - from conceptual framework to initial development.

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare late-onset muscle disease associated with progressive dysphagia. As there was no patient-reported outcome measure specific for the assessment of dysphagia in OPMD, the Dysphagiameter was developed. The Food and Drug Administration guidance was followed.

Niraparib and dostarlimab for the treatment of recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: results of a Phase II study (MOONSTONE/GOG-3032).

Objective: This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the treatment regimen of dostarlimab, a programmed death-1 inhibitor, combined with niraparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, in patients with BRCA wild type (BRCAwt) recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) who had previously received bevacizumab treatment.

Methods: This Phase II, open-label, single-arm, multicenter study, conducted in the USA, enrolled patients with recurrent PROC to receive niraparib and dostarlimab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (up to 3 years). A preplanned interim futility analysis was performed after the first 41 patients had undergone ≥1 radiographic evaluation (approximately 9 weeks from the first treatment).

Heavy-element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST.

The mergers of binary compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes are of central interest to several areas of astrophysics, including as the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), sources of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) and likely production sites for heavy-element nucleosynthesis by means of rapid neutron capture (the r-process). Here we present observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 230307A. We show that GRB 230307A belongs to the class of long-duration GRBs associated with compact object mergers and contains a kilonova similar to AT2017gfo, associated with the GW merger GW170817 (refs.

Long-term ecological research in freshwaters enabled by regional biodiversity collections, stable isotope analysis, and environmental informatics.

Biodiversity collections are experiencing a renaissance fueled by the intersection of informatics, emerging technologies, and the extended use and interpretation of specimens and archived databases. In this article, we explore the potential for transformative research in ecology integrating biodiversity collections, stable isotope analysis (SIA), and environmental informatics. Like genomic DNA, SIA provides a common currency interpreted in the context of biogeochemical principles.

A TOPAS model for lens-based proton radiography.

Proton Radiography can be used in conjunction with proton therapy for patient positioning, real-time estimates of stopping power, and adaptive therapy in regions with motion. The modeling capability shown here can be used to evaluate lens-based radiography as an instantaneous proton-based radiographic technique. The utilization of user-friendly Monte Carlo program TOPAS enables collaborators and other users to easily conduct medical- and therapy- based simulations of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE).