Predicting the development of pro-bullying bystander behavior: A short-term longitudinal analysis.

Pro-bullying bystander behavior is a key socio-contextual factor underlying the perpetuation of bullying, yet investigators know relatively little as to what contributes to its development. The current study uses a short-term longitudinal design to identify child characteristics and relationship qualities that predict pro-bullying bystander behavior over the course of one school year. Participants were 484 children (239 girls; M = 10.

Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilepticus.

Background: The choice of drugs for patients with status epilepticus that is refractory to treatment with benzodiazepines has not been thoroughly studied.

Methods: In a randomized, blinded, adaptive trial, we compared the efficacy and safety of three intravenous anticonvulsive agents - levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, and valproate - in children and adults with convulsive status epilepticus that was unresponsive to treatment with benzodiazepines. The primary outcome was absence of clinically evident seizures and improvement in the level of consciousness by 60 minutes after the start of drug infusion, without additional anticonvulsant medication.

Sports Medicine Delivery Models: Legal Risks.

Educational institutions sponsoring competitive athletics may use an athletics model, academic model, or medical model for delivery of sports medicine to student-athletes. Four types of legal risk are considered for these 3 models: litigation, contract, regulatory, and structural. The athletics model presents the greatest legal risk to institutions, whereas the medical model presents the least legal risk.

Epigenetics Mechanisms in Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome.

Epigenetic mechanisms including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications (eg, histone acetylation), and microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have gained much scientific interest in the last decade as regulators of genes expression and cellular function. Epigenetic control is involved in the modulation of inflammation and immunity, and its dysregulation can contribute to cell damage and organ dysfunction. There is growing evidence that epigenetic changes can contribute to the development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a leading cause of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome With Severe Neurologic Complications in an Adult.

The case of a female presenting with Shiga toxin-producing and hemolytic uremic syndrome highlights a severe neurologic complication that can be associated with these conditions.

Ecological momentary assessment of drinking in young adults: An investigation into social context, affect and motives.

Introduction: Daily assessment studies have examined how day specific factors, such as affect, social context, and drinking motives, alongside dispositional drinking motives, predict young adults' drinking. However, these studies did not examine how the interplay between drinking motives (dispositional and day specific) and multiple features of the drinking situation predict drinking with respect to either the initial decision to drink or the quantity of alcohol consumed. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) via smartphone technology, enables us to address this gap by evaluating to what extent dispositional drinking motives and day specific factors are associated with: a) the initiation of drinking episodes and; b) the quantity of alcohol consumed.

Gravity Venous Drainage and the 3/8-Inch Venous Line: What Would Poiseuille Do?

The 1/2″ venous line has long been the drainage tubing diameter of choice for adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, several programs use a smaller diameter venous line when used in conjunction with kinetic-assisted venous drainage or vacuum-assisted venous drainage. In 2014, our perfusion team made an institution-wide effort to miniaturize the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit for children.

Control over the transverse structure and long-distance fiber propagation of light at the single-photon level.

Quantum entanglement is arguably the cornerstone which differentiates the quantum realm from its classical counterpart. While entanglement can reside in any photonic degree of freedom, polarization permits perhaps the most straightforward manipulation due to the widespread availability of standard optical elements such as waveplates and polarizers. As a step towards a fuller exploitation of entanglement in other degrees of freedom, in this work we demonstrate control over the transverse spatial structure of light at the single-photon level.

Occupational Hazard: Disruptive Behavior in Patients.

Accurate reporting of disruptive behavior enables the development of strategies that provide for the safe delivery of health care to patients.

Protective Behavioral Strategies Moderate the Association between Narcissistic Traits and Alcohol Pathology in College Student Drinkers.

Background: Personality traits found in Cluster B personality disorders have garnered considerable empirical attention and have been linked to a litany of issues, such as alcohol-related problems. While psychopathic traits have been linked to alcohol-use consequences, narcissistic traits remain understudied.

Objectives: The current study examines the relationship between narcissistic traits and alcohol use and consequences as a function of Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) in a sample of college students.

Femoral Derotational Osteotomy Using a Modified Intramedullary Nail Technique.

When persistent rotation of the femur remains into adolescence, it can cause functional limitations such as fatigue, anterior knee pain, and frequent tripping. In these cases, derotation of the femur via osteotomy is often performed. We report preliminary results of bilateral derotational osteotomy for excessive femoral anteversion or retroversion using the modified intramedullary nail technique.

An Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Intervention in a Nurse Home Visitation Program: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem with many negative consequences, particularly for pregnant women. This randomized trial investigated the effectiveness of an IPV preventive intervention embedded within the Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) program.

Materials And Methods: Participants enrolled over a 20-month period and were interviewed at baseline and 1- and 2-year follow-up.

Validation and refinement of the catheterization RISk score for pediatrics (CRISP score): An analysis from the congenital cardiac interventional study consortium.

Objectives: To externally validate the CRISP score, and determine if refinements might improve clinical utility.

Background: The CRISP score estimates risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) for pediatric catheterization.

Methods: Pediatric (age < 18) procedures reported to the Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium registry from 05/08 to 09/17 (n = 29,830, 27 centers) were divided into a development dataset of 14,784 earlier procedures, and a validation dataset of 15,046 more recent procedures.

Should I stay or should I go? Approach/avoidance conflict and emotional functioning.

Personality has long held a prevalent place in the pantheon of psychological research. In the last 40 years, neuropsychological models of personality have become a popular predictor of human behaviour and emotionality. With a particular focus on Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, this study investigated the interaction of high Behavioural Activation System (BAS) and Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) as a predictor of emotional functioning.

Revisiting Health Rights Litigation and Access to Medications in Costa Rica: Preliminary Evidence from the Cochrane Collaboration Reform.

In response to the incremental creation of an expansive constitutional right to health in Costa Rica, the country's rights-friendly constitutional chamber of the Supreme Court (known as the Sala IV) unleashed a flood of litigation for medications, treatments, and other health care issues. This development was met by widespread criticism from within the health sector, which complained that the court's jurisprudence routinely elevated the right to health above financial considerations, thus posing a threat to the financial well-being of the state-run health care system. Further, a 2014 study by Ole Frithjof Norheim and Bruce Wilson examining successful health rights litigation revealed that more than 70% of favorable rulings were for low-priority medications, suggesting a lack of fairness in access to medications in Costa Rica.

Scaling photonic lanterns for space-division multiplexing.

We present a new technique allowing the fabrication of large modal count photonic lanterns for space-division multiplexing applications. We demonstrate mode-selective photonic lanterns supporting 10 and 15 spatial channels by using graded-index fibres and microstructured templates. These templates are a versatile approach to position the graded-index fibres in the required geometry for efficient mode sampling and conversion.

Using Gemba Boards to Facilitate Evidence-Based Practice in Critical Care.

Background: Tradition-based practices lack supporting research evidence and may be harmful or ineffective. Engagement of key stakeholders is a critical step toward facilitating evidence-based practice change. , derived from Japanese, refers to the real place where work is done.

Simulated Interprofessional Education Discharge Planning Meeting to Improve Skills Necessary for Effective Interprofessional Practice.

Purpose Of Study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a simulation-enhanced interprofessional education (Sim-IPE) discharge planning learning experience using simulated patients (SPs), to explore the ability for students to communicate with each other and to a patient/caregiver, and to use clinical thinking to make a safe and appropriate interprofessional discharge recommendation.

Primary Practice Setting(s): Educational institution; university simulation center.

Methodology And Sample: A Sim-IPE was performed with students from physical therapy (N = 46), nursing (N = 25), and social work (N = 11).

Outreach as intervention: The evolution of outreach and preventive programming on college campuses.

It is widely acknowledged that demand for clinical services at university and college counseling centers (CCs) has increased over the last several years. CCs have had to adapt service delivery methods to meet the demand for services. One of the more recent developments in CCs lies in providing primary (preventive) interventions to the campus at-large through outreach and preventive programming.

Sonographic Evaluation of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules.

A thyroid nodule detected clinically or incidentally at medical imaging is a common indication for ultrasonography (US) in the adult population. This scenario is less frequently the case in pediatric patients, and the approach to evaluation of thyroid nodules deserves modification in these patients because of the increased probability of malignancy in children, compared with adults. Evaluating a thyroid nodule with US in a systematic way requires familiarity with a number of features that can be assessed and the terms that the radiologist uses in each category.