Three-dimensional convolutional neural network for leak detection and localization in smart water distribution systems.

Smart meters such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) can significantly improve identifying realistic sized leaks in water distribution networks (WDNs). However, to date, detection/localization methods for AMI systems are extremely limited. In this study, to examine the benefits of using AMIs for leak detection within distribution network, a three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning (DL) model is proposed that can account for temporally and spatially distributed information of pressures.

Design, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Computational Modeling Studies of a Series of α-Helix Biased, Ultra-Short Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.

A systematic structure-activity and computational modeling analysis of a series of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists based upon an ultra-short GLP-1 peptide, H-His-Aib-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Bip-Bip-NH2, was conducted. This highly potent 11-mer peptide led to a deeper understanding of the α-helical bias of strategic α-methylation within the linear parent template as well as optimization of GLP-1R agonist potency by 1000-fold. These data were correlated with previously reported co-structures of both full-length GLP-1 analogs and progenitor N-terminal GLP-1 fragment analogs related to such ultra-short GLP-1R agonist peptides.

Frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator (FLOWER) for biochemical sensing applications.

Sensitive, rapid and label-free biochemical sensors are needed for many applications. In this protocol, we describe biochemical detection using FLOWER (frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator)-a technique that we have used to detect single protein molecules in aqueous solution as well as exosomes, ribosomes and low part-per-trillion concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Whispering gallery mode microtoroid resonators confine light for extended time periods (hundreds of nanoseconds).

Precipitated withdrawal induced by prehospital naloxone administration.

Objectives: Buprenorphine is becoming a key component of prehospital management of opioid use disorder (OUD). It is unclear how many prehospital patients might be eligible for buprenorphine induction, as traditional induction requires that patients first have some degree of opioid withdrawal. The primary aim of this study was to quantify how many patients developed precipitated withdrawal after receiving prehospital naloxone for suspected overdose, as they could be candidates for prehospital buprenorphine.

Barriers to Implementation of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment in the Prehospital Setting.

Objectives: The Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) framework is a validated process that is used to identify individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) and then encourage them to engage in and facilitate entry into treatment. It is not known how well SBIRT can be incorporated into prehospital practice and what barriers to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) implementation of an SBIRT program might arise. The aim of this project was to implement a pilot EMS based SBIRT program.

Advances in modeling permeability and selectivity of the blood-brain barrier using microfluidics.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain by actively allowing the entry of ions and nutrients while limiting the passage of from toxins and pathogens. A healthy BBB has low permeability and high selectivity to maintain normal brain functions. Increased BBB permeability can result from neurological diseases and traumatic injuries.

Benefits and burdens of daily sacrifices and commitment in same- and different-gender couples: Explorations of proximity and direction of effects.

Research and theory document links between sacrifices and commitment in couples, yet the direction of effects remains unclear. Whereas interdependence theorists suggest that sacrifices help couples to build commitment, other scholars have suggested that being committed leads partners to sacrifice for each other. Nearly all research in this area has focused on men and women in different-gender relationships with each other.

The Circadian Response to Evening Light Spectra in Early Childhood: Preliminary Insights.

Although the sensitivity of the circadian system to the characteristics of light (e.g., biological timing, intensity, duration, spectrum) has been well studied in adults, data in early childhood remain limited.

Evaluation of Swallowing Dysfunction With Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in the Neonatal Unit.

Background: Preterm and low-birth-weight infants often experience discoordination of the suck-swallow-breathe pattern, leading to dysrhythmic feeding, inefficient feeding skills, and swallowing dysfunction, increasing the risk of aspiration and respiratory morbidity. While videofluoroscopic swallowing study is commonly utilized to assess swallow function in neonates, flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) has been an emerging modality and has been utilized routinely at our institution since 2018.

Method: A single-center, retrospective study including 90 infants admitted to the neonatal unit between 2018-2023 who underwent FEES procedure.

Genomic Characterization of sp. THPS1: A Hot Spring-Derived Species with Functional Features and Biotechnological Potential.

sp. THPS1 is a novel strain isolated from a high-temperature hot spring in Thailand, exhibiting distinctive genomic features that enable adaptation to an extreme environment. This study aimed to characterize the genomic and functional attributes of sp.

An In Silico Investigation of the Pathogenic G151R G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying K Channel 4 Variant to Identify Small Molecule Modulators.

Primary aldosteronism is characterised by the excessive production of aldosterone, which is a key regulator of salt metabolism, and is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Studies have investigated the association between primary aldosteronism and genetic alterations, with pathogenic mutations being identified. This includes a glycine-to-arginine substitution at position 151 (G151R) of the G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium (K) channel 4 (GIRK4), which is encoded by the gene.

Medication Therapy Management lifestyle and wellness program for patients in rural Arizona.

Background: Pharmacist-provided Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes for patients. MTM services could incorporate additional lifestyle and wellness counseling to potentially enhance healthcare for underserved patients.

Objective: To report the outcomes of a new pharmacist-provided MTM lifestyle and wellness counseling program for underserved rural Arizonans with diabetes and/or hypertension.

Differential effects of statins on the anti-dyskinetic activity of sub-anesthetic ketamine.

Sub-anesthetic ketamine has been demonstrated to reduce abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in preclinical models of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) and retrospective Parkinson's disease (PD) case reports. In this study, we examined the effects on LID of two different statins alone and in combination with ketamine in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned male rats, the standard model for preclinical LID studies. Ketamine attenuated the development of AIMs, while the non-polar lovastatin only showed anti-dyskinetic activity early in the priming period but did not prevent the development of LID, and the polar pravastatin showed no anti-dyskinetic activity.

Diabetes, Subclinical Myocardial Injury or Stress and Risk of Heart Failure Subtypes: The Jackson Heart Study.

Objective: To assess the extent to which the concomitant presence of subclinical myocardial injury or stress and diabetes affects the risk of heart failure (HF) subtypes.

Research Design And Methods: The Jackson Heart Study included Black adults, categorized based on diabetes status, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Subclinical myocardial injury was defined as hs-cTnI ≥4 ng/L in women and ≥6 ng/L in men, and subclinical myocardial stress as BNP ≥35 pg/mL.

What Matters When Providing Conversational Recast Treatment? A Multilevel Modeling Analysis.

Purpose: Conversational recasting treatment is generally effective. However, different versions of this treatment and different targets may yield different outcomes for children. Here, we directly compare multiple variations of conversational recasting to determine how modifications to delivery and target impact treatment outcomes.

Deciphering the core shunt mechanism in Arabidopsis cuticular wax biosynthesis and its role in plant environmental adaptation.

Plant cuticular waxes serve as highly responsive adaptations to variable environments. Aliphatic waxes consist of very-long-chain (VLC) compounds produced from 1-alcohol- or alkane-forming pathways. The existing variation in 1-alcohols and alkanes across Arabidopsis accessions revealed that 1-alcohol amounts are negatively correlated with aridity factors, whereas alkanes display the opposite behaviour.

Isolated Neutral Organic Radical Unveiled Solvent-Radical Interaction in Highly Reducing Photocatalysis.

Diffusion-limited kinetics is a key mechanistic debate when consecutive photoelectron transfer (conPET) is discussed in photoredox catalysis. In-situ generated organic photoactive radicals can access catalytic systems as reducing as alkaline metals that can activate remarkably stable bonds. However, in many cases, the extremely short-lived transient nature of these doublet state open-shell species has led to debatable mechanistic studies, hindering adoption and development.

Mother-Infant Bed-sharing Is Associated with Increased Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review.

To review current knowledge of the association between bed-sharing and breastfeeding behaviors during infancy. A systematic review methodology was employed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses method and utilizing the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies for quality assessment. Inclusion criteria were quantitative or mixed-methods studies published between 1993 and 2022 that provided data on the association between bed-sharing and breastfeeding for postpartum mothers of infants 0-12 months.

A Scoping Review and Consensus Recommendations for Emergency Medical Services Buprenorphine (EMS-Bupe) Programs.

Objectives: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies are beginning to provide low-barrier access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) through the development of EMS buprenorphine (EMS-Bupe) programs. However, evidence-based practices for these programs are lacking. Our aim was to review the current literature on EMS and emergency department (ED) based buprenorphine treatment programs to provide consensus recommendations on the EMS-Bupe program development.

Discovery of Titin and Its Role in Heart Function and Disease.

This review examines the giant elastic protein titin and its critical roles in heart function, both in health and disease, as discovered since its identification nearly 50 years ago. Encoded by the TTN (titin gene), titin has emerged as a major disease locus for cardiac disorders. Functionally, titin acts as a third myofilament type, connecting sarcomeric Z-disks and M-bands, and regulating myocardial passive stiffness and stretch sensing.

A domed window chamber for multi-modality optical imaging.

Current dorsal skin flap window chambers with flat glass windows are compatible with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging. However, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) performs best with a cylindrical or spherical sample located between its two 90° objectives and when all sample materials have the same index of refraction (). A modified window chamber with a domed viewing window made from fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), with n similar to water and tissue, was designed.