Is severe carbohydrate restriction necessary for appetite suppression? The ASKED randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This trial aimed to compare three low-energy diets (LEDs) with different amounts of carbohydrates (CHO) on ketosis and changes in hunger feelings in adults with obesity.

Methods: A total of 101 adults (51 female) with obesity (BMI, mean [SEM], 34.7 [0.

Clinical opinion spotlight: A sustainable model for improving access to mobile mammography for underserved populations.

Minority women face disproportionately higher risks of breast cancer diagnosis and mortality under 50. Mobile mammography vans enhance screening accessibility but face challenges like long-term funding and operational viability. This study assesses existing mobile mammography van programs and proposes a sustainable model through literature review and qualitative interviews at a tertiary care academic medical center.

FGF receptors mediate cellular senescence in the cystic fibrosis airway epithelium.

The number of adults living with cystic fibrosis (CF) has already increased significantly because of drastic improvements in life expectancy attributable to advances in treatment, including the development of highly effective modulator therapy. Chronic airway inflammation in CF contributes to morbidity and mortality, and aging processes like inflammaging and cell senescence influence CF pathology. Our results show that single-cell RNA sequencing data, human primary bronchial epithelial cells from non-CF and CF donors, a CF bronchial epithelial cell line, and Cftr-knockout (Cftr-/-) rats all demonstrated increased cell senescence markers in the CF bronchial epithelium.

A semi-structured interview to capture manual wheelchair use for mobility activities among individuals with spinal cord injury in real-life situations: development and content validity of the Wheelchair Mobility Activity Log (WC-MAL).

Study Design: Mixed-method approach.

Objectives: To develop and assess the content validity of a semi-structured interview that captures the lived experience of using a manual wheelchair among individuals with SCI in the real world, the Wheelchair Mobility Activity Log (WC-MAL).

Setting: SCIR-Group (UDESC)/Brazil.

Readmission Rates Among Acute Reperfusion Treatment Modalities for Patients With Ischemic Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Understanding various aspects associated with readmission after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important priority. Our study aims to examine whether 60-day readmission rates differed among patients with AIS who were treated with different acute reperfusion treatment modalities along with associated clinical factors.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a continuous cohort of patient with AIS, who received either intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA), endovascular treatment (EVT) or both, and were discharged alive.

A plasma-3D print combined platform with implications for reliable materiobiological screening.

Materiobiology is an emerging field focused on the physiochemical properties of biomaterials concerning biological outcomes which includes but is not limited to the biological responses and bioactivity of surface-modified biomaterials. Herein, we report a novel characterization platform for characterizing nanoparticle surface-modified 3D printed PLA scaffolds. We have introduced innovative design parameters that were practical for ubiquitous assays like those utilizing 96 and 24-well plates.

Nurse-Led Care Coordination in a Transitional Clinic for Uninsured Patients With Diabetes.

Purpose/objectives: The purpose of this article is to inform the reader of the practice of the registered nurse care coordinator (RNCC) within an interprofessional, nurse-led clinic serving uninsured diabetic patients in a large urban city. This clinic serves as a transitional care clinic, providing integrated diabetes management and assisting patients to establish with other primary care doctors in the community once appropriate. The clinic uses an interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) model with the RNCC at the center of patient onboarding, integrated responsive care, and clinic transitioning.

Phase synchronization during the processing of taxonomic and thematic relations.

Semantic relations include "taxonomic" relations based on shared features and "thematic" relations based on co-occurrence in events. The "dual-hub" account proposes that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is functionally specialized for taxonomic relations and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) for thematic relations. This study examined this claim by analyzing the intra- and inter-region phase synchronization of intracranial EEG data from electrodes in the ATL, IPL, and two subregions of the semantic control network: left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG).

A social innovation to empower community-led monitoring and mobilization for HIV prevention in rural Kenya: experimenting to reduce the HIV prevention policy-implementation gap.

Introduction: Strong policy guidance has recently emerged identifying focal points at multiple levels and across sectors to end the persistent HIV pandemic and related inequities. Reducing the policy-implementation gap, as with the evidence-policy gap, requires strategic alignment between interventional research and policy realms. Global- and national-level HIV policy indicate a need for community-led efforts to reduce HIV stigma, and increase uptake of HIV prevention tools.

Wood cookstove use is associated with gastric cancer in Central America and mediated by host genetics.

Biomass cookstove food preparation is linked to aero-digestive cancers, mediated by ingested and inhaled carcinogens (e.g., heterocyclic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons).

Micronutrients and prevention of cervical pre-cancer in HPV vaccinated women: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included, in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines.

Associations Between Sexual History Documentation in Electronic Health Records and Referral to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Navigator on Prescription of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis at a Multi-Site Federally Qualified Health Center.

This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between sexual history screening (SHS) and referrals to a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) navigator (non-clinical staff member who assists patients in overcoming structural barriers to PrEP) on the proportion of days covered by PrEP for adult patients at a federally qualified health center. Patients' sociodemographics, PrEP prescriptions, referral to a PrEP navigator, and SHS data were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR). The analytic sample was 214 adult patients who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative and taking PrEP to prevent infection from January 2016 to December 2019.

Impact of early pericardial fluid chymase activation after cardiac surgery.

Introduction: Chymase is a highly destructive serine protease rapidly neutralized in the circulation by protease inhibitors. Here we test whether pericardial fluid (PCF) chymase activation and other inflammatory biomarkers determine intensive care unit length of stay, and explore mechanisms of chymase delivery by extracellular vesicles to the heart.

Methods: PCF was collected from adult patients (17 on-pump; 13 off-pump) 4 h after cardiac surgery.

Intestinal manifestation of Buerger's disease in a middle-age female with subsequent transverse colon perforation: A case report and review of literature.

Thromboangiitis obliterans, or Buerger's disease, is a relatively rare nonatherosclerotic, segmental inflammatory and obliterative vascular disease that affects the small- and medium-sized arteries, veins, and nerves. In the acute phase, the lesion presents as an inflammatory, nonsuppurative panarteritis or panphlebitis with vascular thrombosis without necrosis. In the late stage of the disease, the thrombus becomes organized leading to varying degrees of recanalization and subsequent gangrene and amputation.

HiJAKing Immunotherapy-Resistant Melanoma for a Cure.

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have brought great promise to patients with advanced melanoma, a tumor type that was claimed largely incurable not long ago. However, therapeutic resistance to ICBs has limited their utility in the clinic. Here, we provide a commentary on recent research endeavors concerning ICB resistance in melanoma patients.

Differences in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings between individuals with and without obesity-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Determining if gastrointestinal (GI) hormone response to food intake differs between individuals with, and without, obesity may improve our understanding of obesity pathophysiology. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the concentrations of GI hormones, as well as appetite ratings, following a test meal, in individuals with and without obesity was undertaken. Systematic searches were conducted in the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

Plasma Electroless Reduction: A Green Process for Designing Metallic Nanostructure Interfaces onto Polymeric Surfaces and 3D Scaffolds.

The design of metal nanoparticle-modified polymer surfaces in a green and scalable way is both desirable and highly challenging. Herein, a new green low-temperature plasma-based surface reduction strategy termed plasma electroless reduction (PER) is reported for achieving metallic nanostructuring on polymer surfaces. Proof of concept for this new method was first demonstrated on hydrophilic cellulose papers.

Constraint-induced movement therapy for lower extremity use in activities of daily living in people with chronic hemiparesis: multiple case study.

Lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy (LE-CIMT) is an intensive intervention protocol recently reported to improve lower extremity use in individuals with chronic hemiparesis. To test if the LE-CIMT that uses essential CIMT components, including the transfer package and intensive task-oriented training, is a feasible and potentially effective intervention to improve the lower extremity real-world use and functional ability in a group of individuals with chronic hemiparesis. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design study with 12 individuals with chronic stroke and impaired ambulation skills engaged in a 10-weekday LE-CIMT.

Emerging strategies for treating gout.

Gout is a common and potentially debilitating disease characterized by a painful inflammatory arthritis ("gout flare"), caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and surrounding tissues. Gout is frequently comorbid with other chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus, which can make treatment complex, as traditional mainstays (such as allopurinol, colchicine, and corticosteroids) may not be preferred or could have adverse events in such patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of hyperuricemia, gout, and crystalline-driven inflammation is key for drug development and research.

Attitudes toward telemedicine among urban and rural residents.

Introduction: Adoption of telemedicine by healthcare facilities has dramatically increased since the start of coronavirus pandemic; yet, major differences exist in universal acceptance of telemedicine across different population groups. The goal of this study was to examine population-based factors associated with current and/or future use of telemedicine in Alabama.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 532 participants online or by phone, in four urban and eight rural counties in Alabama.