Evaluating academic detailing as an antibiotic stewardship intervention in primary healthcare settings in Croatia.

Background: Acute respiratory tract infections are common in primary healthcare care settings and frequently result in antibiotic prescriptions, despite being primarily viral. There is scarcity of research examining impact of academic detailing (AD) intervention on prescribing practices for these infections in resource-constrained healthcare settings like southeastern Europe. Therefore aim of this study was to evaluate impact of AD intervention as an antimicrobial stewardship measure on antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in primary setting in Croatia which is located in southeastern Europe.

Assessment and Validity of Trichoscopy for Eyebrow Involvement in Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Few publications are available on eyebrow trichoscopy in patients with alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA).

Objective: To investigate the validity of using trichoscopy to examine eyebrow involvement in patients with lichen planopilaris (LPP) and FFA.

Methods: In this case-control study, 109 patients with eyebrow involvement in LPP and FFA (cases) and with acquired hair disorders of the eyebrows (controls) were included.

Pembrolizumab in patients with gastric cancer and liver metastases: A paradigm shift in immunotherapy.

In this editorial, we explore the impact of immunotherapy and its safety in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) and liver involvement. GC, a formidable adversary in the oncology landscape, presents its most challenging battlefront when it reaches stage IV, often characterized by liver metastases. The prognosis for patients at this advanced stage is daunting, with systemic chemotherapy traditionally offering a median overall survival slightly over a year.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with strain-specific virulence differences among clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Studies across various pathogens highlight the importance of pathogen genetic differences in disease manifestation. In the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, sequence type (ST) associates with patient outcome. We performed a meta-analysis of four genomic studies and identified overlapping gene regions associated with virulence, suggesting the importance of these gene regions in cryptococcal disease in diverse clinical isolates.

Treatment With Oral or Inhaled Treprostinil in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Comorbidities.

Background: An increasing number of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have cardiovascular comorbidities. However, the effects of comorbidities on responses to PAH treatment are not well understood.

Research Question: Do cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with PAH influence the efficacy and tolerability of inhaled or oral treprostinil?

Study Design And Methods: All patients from phase 3 studies TRIUMPH (N = 235) and FREEDOM-EV (N = 690) were included in this post hoc analysis and were classified as having 0, ≥ 1, or ≥ 2 cardiovascular comorbidities of interest based on patient medical history.

Tumor budding and lymphovascular invasion as prognostic factors in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: We aimed to validate the prognostic significance of tumor budding (TB) in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC).

Methods: We analyzed digitized H&E-stained slides from a multicenter cohort of five large university centers consisting of n = 275 cases of p16-positive OPSCC. We evaluated TB along with other histological parameters (morphology, tumor-stroma-ratio, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion) and calculated survival outcomes using both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Ewing Sarcoma of the Sinonasal Tract: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare aggressive malignancy that can present in the sinonasal region. The objective of this study is to investigate the demographics, presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with sinonasal ES.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library.

Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Patients with microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer have poor outcomes with standard chemotherapy with or without targeted therapies. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab has shown clinical benefit in nonrandomized studies of MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods: In this phase 3 open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer and MSI-H or dMMR status according to local testing to receive, in a 2:2:1 ratio, nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab alone, or chemotherapy with or without targeted therapies.

Noninvasive Total Cholesterol Level Measurement Using an E-Nose System and Machine Learning on Exhaled Breath Samples.

In this paper, the first e-nose system coupled with machine learning algorithm for noninvasive measurement of total cholesterol level based on exhaled air sample was proposed. The study was conducted with the participation of 151 people, from whom a breath sample was collected, and the level of total cholesterol was measured. The breath sample was examined using e-nose and gas sensors, such as TGS1820, TGS2620, TGS2600, MQ3, Semeatech 7e4 NO2 and 7e4 H2S, SGX_NO2, SGX_H2S, K33, AL-03P, and AL-03S.

Adverse events after nivolumab and ipilimumab combined immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre experience in Poland.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been employed in the adjuvant and metastatic setting of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment. Among ICIs, combined immunotherapy has the highest risk for immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We aimed to document the incidence of irAEs in RCC patients treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab as data from the European population remain limited.

Identification and transfer to stepped care of depressed and psychosocially stressed parents during peri- and postpartum-UPlusE: study protocol for cluster randomized trial of a screening intervention.

Background: Perinatal depression affects 10-15% of mothers and approximately 5% of fathers. However, only a small number of affected individuals seek treatment. If left unrecognized and untreated, it can have negative long-term consequences for the family's health, leading to subsequent high costs.

Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury Resolution and Associated Clinical Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the common complications of liver cirrhosis. It occurs in nearly 20% of patients with cirrhosis who are hospitalized. Prior literature demonstrated that the AKI occurrence in patients with cirrhosis is independently associated with higher mortality.

Drug-drug-interactions in patients with atrial fibrillation admitted to the emergency department.

Introduction: Polypharmacy is a growing concern in healthcare systems. While available data on potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) from emergency department (ED) patients is derived from heterogenous populations, this study specifically focused on patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that patients with AF have similar comorbidities, receive similar drugs, and have similar pDDIs.

Complications Related to the Securement Device in Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: A Randomized Study.

Studies have not demonstrated the effectiveness of the different types of dressings in reducing the rate of complications. The purpose of this study was to determine which type of dressing is most beneficial in reducing the rate of complications. A total of 281 patients requiring a peripheral intravenous catheter were randomized to receive partially reinforced dressings or fully reinforced dressings (dressings with integral catheter securement).