Leveraging Implementation Science at the Early-Stage Development of a Novel Telehealth-Delivered Fear of Exercise Program to Understand Intervention Feasibility and Implementation Potential: Feasibility Behavioral Intervention Study.

Background: To increase real-world adoption of effective telehealth-delivered behavioral health interventions among midlife and older adults with cardiovascular disease, incorporating implementation science (IS) methods at earlier stages of intervention development may be needed.

Objective: This study aims to describe how IS can be incorporated into the design and interpretation of a study assessing the feasibility and implementation potential of a technology-delivered behavioral health intervention.

Methods: We assessed the feasibility and implementation potential of a 2-session, remotely delivered, home-based behavioral intervention composed of psychoeducation, interoceptive exposure through low-to-moderate intensity walking, interoceptive counseling, and homework (Reducing Exercise Sensitivity with Exposure Training; RESET) among patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and some fear of exercise.

Generalized Path Integral Energy and Heat Capacity Estimators of Quantum Oscillators and Crystals Using Harmonic Mapping.

Imaginary-time path integral (PI) is a rigorous tool to treat nuclear quantum effects in static properties. However, with its high computational demand, it is crucial to devise precise estimators. We introduce generalized PI estimators for the energy and heat capacity that utilize coordinate mapping.

A mathematical model of glomerular fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease to predict therapeutic efficacy.

Background: Glomerular fibrosis is a tissue damage that occurs within the kidneys of chronic and diabetic kidney disease patients. Effective treatments are lacking, and the mechanism of glomerular damage reversal is poorly understood.

Methods: A mathematical model suitable for hypothesis-driven systems pharmacology of glomerular fibrosis in diabetes was developed from a previous model of interstitial fibrosis.

Electrospun gelatin/hyaluronic acid nanofibers as a platform for uric acid delivery to neural tissue.

Uric acid (UA) is an antioxidant that has been reported to be a neuroprotective compound for injuries and diseases, and specifically, diseases of the central nervous system. However, uric acid is highly insoluble in aqueous solutions, and high levels in the serum lead to gout, which limits its use in humans. Here, we develop a novel drug delivery platform that will release uric acid in a sustained manner for application to neural tissue.

Decoding derogation: The impact of environmental values and political ideology on the effect of persuasive message about recycle and reuse behaviors.

Although persuasive messages are designed to motivate individuals to engage in intended behaviors, they do not always work. Often, people follow previously established values and ideologies and dismiss persuasive messages. We examine how participants react to a persuasive message related to plastic pollution and how these reactions shape their willingness to recycle and reuse.

Longitudinal association between adolescent sexual identity and sleep quality: The mediating roles of peer victimization and perceived social support.

Objective: Despite growing evidence of disparities in sleep quality between sexual minoritized and heterosexual youth, the reasons for these disparities are not well understood. LGBQ+ adolescents often experience challenging peer relationships, which could negatively impact their sleep quality. The current study examined the prospective relationship between sexual minority status and sleep quality over 12months and evaluated whether peer victimization and social support at 6months mediated this relationship among adolescents.

Associations between the incidence of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy and menopausal hormone therapy use and exposure to endogenous estrogen.

Objectives: End-stage Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy is a leading cause of corneal blindness, with a higher prevalence in females than in males. Few modifiable risk factors have been identified. We examined associations between menopausal hormone therapy use (never/past/current), duration of hormone therapy use, estimated lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen, and serum estradiol with incident Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

Cyproheptadine inhibits in vitro and in vivo lung metastasis and drives metabolic rewiring.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 81% of lung cancer cases, among which over 47% presented with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Despite the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, enhancing the survival rate and overcoming the development of resistance remain a big challenge. Thus, it is crucial to find potential new therapeutics and targets that can mitigate lung metastasis and investigate its effects on biomarkers, such as cellular metabolomics.

CRISPR-Cas12a-regulated DNA adsorption on MoS quantum dots: Enhanced enzyme mimics for sensitive colorimetric detection of human monkeypox virus and human papillomavirus DNA.

Diseases caused by viruses, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), pose serious threats to human health and safety. Although numerous strategies have been constructed for detecting MPXV and HPV DNA, most methods require either laborious procedures or complicated instruments involving skilled professionals. In this research, a CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated colorimetric detection platform for MPXV and HPV sensing was constructed for the first time by applying probe DNA to reprogram the catalytic properties of molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS QDs).

Genome Sequencing Identifies 13 Novel Candidate Risk Genes for Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Qatari Cohort.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Despite considerable research efforts, the genetic complexity of ASD remains poorly understood, complicating diagnosis and treatment, especially in the Arab population, with its genetic diversity linked to migration, tribal structures, and high consanguinity. To address the scarcity of ASD genetic data in the Middle East, we conducted genome sequencing (GS) on 50 ASD subjects and their unaffected parents.

Pressure enabled organic reactions via confinement between layers of 2D materials.

Confinement of reactants within nanoscale spaces of low-dimensional materials has been shown to provide reorientation of strained reactants or stabilization of unstable reactants for synthesis of molecules and tuning of chemical reactivity. While few studies have reported chemistry within zero-dimensional pores and one-dimensional nanotubes, organic reactions in confined spaces between two-dimensional materials have yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that reactants confined between atomically thin sheets of graphene or hexagonal boron nitride experience pressures as high as 7 gigapascal, which allows the propagation of solvent-free organic reactions that ordinarily do not occur under standard conditions.

Polygenic risk for alcohol use disorder affects cellular responses to ethanol exposure in a human microglial cell model.

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) assess genetic susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet their molecular implications remain underexplored. Neuroimmune interactions, particularly in microglia, are recognized as notable contributors to AUD pathophysiology. We investigated the interplay between AUD PRS and ethanol in human microglia derived from iPSCs from individuals with AUD high-PRS (diagnosed with AUD) or low-PRS (unaffected).

Pharmacologically enabling the degradation of NaV1.8 channels to reduce neuropathic pain.

In phase II clinical trials, NaV1.8 channels were identified as viable targets to treat acute pain. Results were modest, however, and NaV1.

Which intervention works for whom: Identifying pre-treatment characteristics that predict who will benefit from a specific alcohol text message intervention from a randomized trial.

Introduction: Effective interventions show heterogeneity in treatment response. Addressing this heterogeneity involves identifying which intervention works best for whom. One method to address this heterogeneity identifies treatment-subgroup interactions to determine which of two interventions has greater effect for certain individuals based on their profile of pre-treatment characteristics.

Structure-Based Design of Covalent SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Inhibitors.

The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a highly transmissible and pathogenic RNA betacoronavirus. Like other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve with or without drug selection pressure, and many variants have emerged since the beginning of the pandemic. The papain-like protease, PL, is a cysteine protease that cleaves viral polyproteins as well as ubiquitin and ISG15 modifications from host proteins.

What Is the Role of Affective Cognition in Trauma and Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder-Related Drinking? A Systematic Review.

Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (TR/PTSD) are implicated in deleterious alcohol outcomes, yet the processes that undergird these associations remain elusive. Affective (i.e.

MicroRNA-mediated network redundancy is constrained by purifying selection and contributes to expression robustness in Drosophila melanogaster.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional, non-coding regulatory RNAs that function coordinately with transcription factors (TFs) in gene regulatory networks. TFs and their targets are often co-regulated by miRNAs, forming composite feedforward circuits (cFFCs) with varying degrees of redundancy, primarily mediated by miRNAs. However, the maintenance of miRNA-mediated regulatory redundancy and its impact on gene expression evolution remain elusive.

American Society for Microbiology evidence-based laboratory medicine practice guidelines to reduce blood culture contamination rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

SUMMARYBlood cultures (BCs) are one of the critical tests used to detect bloodstream infections. BC results are not 100% specific. Interpretation of BC results is often complicated by detecting microbial contamination rather than true infection.

DNAproDB: an updated database for the automated and interactive analysis of protein-DNA complexes.

DNAproDB (https://dnaprodb.usc.edu/) is a database, visualization tool, and processing pipeline for analyzing structural features of protein-DNA interactions.

Structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic evaluation of L-cystine diamides as L-cystine crystallization inhibitors for cystinuria.

Cystinuria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by defective l-cystine reabsorption from the renal proximal tubule, resulting in abnormally high concentrations of L-cystine and subsequent l-cystine crystallization and stone formation in urine. l-Cystine diamides have shown great promise as inhibitors of l-cystine crystallization. The free α-amino groups in l-cystine diamides have previously been shown to be necessary for l-cystine crystallization inhibitory activity.