Combined treatment of small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: Challenges and updates.

Currently, chemotherapy remains the standard first- and second-line treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Research concerning immunotherapy has brought about a remarkable development in the treatment pattern of SCLC. Atirizumab, duvalizumab, atezolizumab, and serplulimab can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of SCLC.

Beclin-1: a therapeutic target at the intersection of autophagy, immunotherapy, and cancer treatment.

The significant identification of Beclin-1's function in regulating autophagy flow signified a significant progression in our understanding of cellular operations. Beclin-1 acts as a scaffold for forming the PI3KC3 complex, controlling autophagy and cellular trafficking processes in a complicated way. This intricate protein has garnered considerable attention due to its substantial impact on the development of tumors.

Association between the Life's essential 8 health behaviors score and all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: The association between Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score and all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unknown.

Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study analyzed data of participants aged 20-79 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2018, with linked mortality information until 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between different cardiovascular health (CVH) scores and all-cause mortality in participants with MASLD.

Trim72 is a major host factor protecting against lethal Candida albicans infection.

Candida albicans is the most common aetiologic pathogen of fungal infections associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to develop new antifungal therapies owing to the poor efficacy and resistance of current antifungals. Here, we report that Trim72 positively regulates antifungal immunity during lethal fungal infection.

ENO2 in progression and treatment of colon adenocarcinoma: integrative bioinformatics analysis on non-apoptotic cell death.

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common types of cancer. The interconnection between non-apoptotic cell death and COAD has not been adequately addressed. In our study, an integrative bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore non-apoptotic cell death-related biomarkers in COAD.

Dual role of Nrf2 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: promoting development, immune evasion, and therapeutic challenges.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer and ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. The liver performs a wide range of tasks and is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing harmful substances and foreign compounds. Oxidative stress has a crucial role in growth and improvement of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Development of a Predictive Nomogram for Intra-Hospital Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Using LASSO Regression.

Background And Purpose: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability globally, necessitating accurate prediction of intra-hospital mortality (IHM) for improved patient care. This study aimed to develop a practical nomogram for personalized IHM risk prediction in ischemic stroke patients.

Methods: A retrospective study of 422 ischemic stroke patients (April 2020 - December 2021) from Chongqing Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital was conducted, with patients divided into training (n=295) and validation (n=127) groups.

Paxlovid reduces the 28-day mortality of patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: In this study, we aim to explore the efficacy of paxlovid on reducing mortality of COVID-19 patients in clinical setting, especially whether paxlovid modifies the risk of death in these severe and critical patients.

Methods: Our retrospective cohort study was conducted on the medical records of patients, consecutively admitted for COVID-19 to five hospitals in Chongqing, China from Dec 8, 2022 to Jan 20, 2023. Based on whether patients received paxlovid during their hospitalization, patients were grouped as paxlovid group and non-paxlovid group.

Developing and Validating a Nomogram Model for Predicting Ischemic Stroke Risk.

: Clinically, the ability to identify individuals at risk of ischemic stroke remains limited. This study aimed to develop a nomogram model for predicting the risk of acute ischemic stroke. : In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis on patients who visited the Department of Neurology, collecting important information including clinical records, demographic characteristics, and complete hematological tests.

Mesoporous manganese nanocarrier target delivery metformin for the co-activation STING pathway to overcome immunotherapy resistance.

Targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a promising strategy to overcome primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with the STK11 mutation. We previously found metformin enhances the STING pathway and thus promotes immune response. However, its low concentration in tumors limits its clinical use.

Serum levels of vitamin B12 combined with folate and plasma total homocysteine predict ischemic stroke disease: a retrospective case-control study.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and quantify the association and investigate whether serum vitamin B12 alone or vitamin B12 combined with folate and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels could be used to predict the risk of acute ischemic stroke.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. It included 259 inpatients experiencing their first-ever acute ischemic stroke and 259 age-matched, sex-matched healthy controls.

Prognostic value of inflammatory cytokine detection for sepsis patients in ICU: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To explore the prognostic effect of cytokine levels such as IL-6 (interleukin), IL-8 and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α on patients with sepsis in intensive care units (ICUs) by Meta-analysis.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and other databases up to May 2023 to retrieve clinical research articles on cytokine testing for predicting sepsis prognosis in ICU settings. Relevant indicators were extracted and recorded in Excel.

CT radiomics combined with clinical and radiological factors predict hematoma expansion in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a hematoma expansion (HE) prediction model for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) patients by combining CT radiomics, clinical information, and conventional imaging signs.

Methods: A retrospective continuous collection of HICH patients from three medical centers was divided into a training set (n = 555), a validation set (n = 239), and a test set (n = 77). Extract radiomics features from baseline CT plain scan images and combine them with clinical information and conventional imaging signs to construct radiomics models, clinical imaging sign models, and hybrid models, respectively.

Initial therapeutic evidence of a borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) and FeO magnetic nanoparticle scaffold on implant-associated bone infection.

Implant-associated () osteomyelitis is a severe challenge in orthopedics. While antibiotic-loaded bone cement is a standardized therapeutic approach for osteomyelitis, it falls short in eradicating Staphylococcus abscess communities (SACs) and bacteria within osteocyte-lacuna canalicular network (OLCN) and repairing bone defects. To address limitations, we developed a borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) combined with ferroferric oxide (FeO) magnetic scaffold to enhance antibacterial efficacy and bone repair capabilities.

Exploring the interplay between triple-negative breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment for effective therapeutic strategies.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignancy with poor treatment outcomes. The interaction between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) plays an important role in the development of TNBC. Owing to their ability of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, BCSCs maintain tumor growth, drive metastatic colonization, and facilitate the development of drug resistance.

Dose-dependent multi-organ injury following lipopolysaccharide gas inhalation.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used to establish various animal models, including models of acute lung injury, cardiomyocyte damage, and acute kidney injury. Currently, there is no consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of LPS-induced disease. We herein present a case series of four patients who developed dose-dependent multi-organ injury, including acute lung injury and acute kidney injury, after inhaling LPS gas in a sealed room.

ALTA: a simple nutritional prognostic score for patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: Malnutrition, despite being a common complication, is often neglected in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). The objective of this study was to develop a simplified nutritional prognostic score to accurately predict mortality in HBV-ACLF patients.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, clinical data from 530 HBV-ACLF patients were used to create a new prognostic score, which was then validated in two external cohorts ( = 229 and 248).

CircRNA circRREB1 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer by activating Erk1/2 signaling through interacting with GNB4.

Current investigations have illuminated the essential roles played by circular RNAs (circRNAs) in driving breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis. However, the functional implications and molecular underpinnings of most circRNAs in BC are not well characterized. Here, Circular RNA (circRNA) expression profiles were analyzed in four surgically resected BC cases along with adjacent non-cancerous tissues applying RNA microarray analysis.

A retrospective cohort study of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Patients diagnosed with LARC and treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors were recruited.

Methods: Four different treatment strategies were employed in this study: plan A [long-course radiotherapy + PD-1 inhibitor/capecitabine + PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX+ total mesorectal excision (TME)], plan B (long-course radiotherapy + capecitabine + PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX + TME), plan C (short-course radiotherapy + PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX + TME), and plan D (PD-1 inhibitor/XELOX + short-course radiotherapy + TME).

A rare case of primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma imaged with F-FDG PET/CT: a case report and literature review.

Background: One of the exceptionally rare forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL). The principal clinical manifestation in patients with PCL involves cardiac symptoms resulting from myocardial infiltration by lymphoma, including arrhythmias, heart failure, and chest pain. F-FDG PET/CT serves as a reliable and indispensable imaging modality for assessing clinically staging NHL.

A poor prognostic male choriocarcinoma with multiple systemic metastases: a case report and the literature review.

Background: Non-gestational choriocarcinoma, also known as primary choriocarcinoma, is extremely rare in men, manifesting with specific signs such as breast feminization, testicular atrophy, and loss of libido. The presentation typically includes elevated serum β-hCG levels, widespread metastatic disease, and a rapid progression of the condition.

Case Report: We present a rare case of a 41-year-old man diagnosed with choriocarcinoma, exhibiting a unique combination of multiple metastases, including lung, brain, bone, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases, as confirmed by F-FDG PET/CT imaging.

Prognostic effect of DNA methylation of gene in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: This study aims to develop a prognostic model for overall survival based on potential methylation sites within B-cell translocation gene 2 () in Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: This is a retrospective study. The beta values of nine CpG sites and RSEM normalized count values of gene were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) (TCGA-LIHC) dataset, with the beta value representing the methylation level by indicating the ratio of the intensity of the methylated bead type to the combined locus intensity.

Molecular mechanism analysis of apoptosis induced by silk fibroin peptides.

Silk fibroin derived from silkworm cocoons exhibits excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. Previous studies showed that silk fibroin had an inhibitory effect on cells, suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, the source of the toxicity and the mechanism of apoptosis induction are still unclear.