Single-cell RNA Sequencing Revealed the Immunophenotypic Features of Macrophages in Cardiac Transplants and Uncovered Lgals9 Promoted Their Polarization towards The M2b Subtype.

Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune response during allograft rejection in organ transplantation. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the genomic features of macrophages in mouse heart transplants and use single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate Galectin-9 (Gal-9, Lgals9), a lectin that can mediate the activation and differentiation of immune cells through ligand-receptor interactions, and the effects of its regulation in transplantation. We discovered a new subset of macrophages called "Myoz2+ macrophages", which specifically expressed genes related to myocardial contraction.

Aberrant STING activation promotes macrophage senescence by suppressing autophagy in vascular aging from diabetes.

Diabetic vascular aging is driven by macrophage senescence, which propagates senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), exacerbating vascular dysfunction. This study utilized a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model induced by streptozotocin injection and a high-fat diet to investigate the role of STING in macrophage senescence. Vascular aging markers and senescent macrophages were assessed , while , high glucose treatment induced macrophage senescence, enhancing senescence in co-cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

Safety and effects of anti-obesity medications on weight loss, cardiometabolic, and psychological outcomes in people living with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Overweight and obesity pose serious health challenges for individuals and societies. This study aims to facilitate personalised treatment of obesity by summarising recent research on weight-loss pharmacotherapies, with a focus on their effects on weight reduction, cardiometabolic health, psychological outcomes, and adverse events.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis included searches of Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to June 8, 2024.

Association between weight-adjusted waist index and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: insights from NHANES 2007-2012.

Objective: While previous studies have explored the relationship between obesity and levels of thyroid autoantibodies, research using novel indicators such as weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between WWI and thyroid autoantibody levels, with the objective of improving our understanding of the links between central obesity and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles from 2007 to 2012.

Impact of mild hypothermic circulatory arrest on surgical outcomes in acute type a aortic dissection patients: a single-centre study.

Background: As hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) is being more frequently induced in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery, its safety at different degrees has become a crucial area of study. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes of mild hypothermic circulatory arrest (MI-HCA) during aortic arch surgery.

Methods: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients who underwent total arch replacement (TAR) and frozen elephant trunk (FET) surgery between January 2014 and December 2023 were enrolled in this study.

Deep-learning based electromagnetic navigation system for transthoracic percutaneous puncture of small pulmonary nodules.

Percutaneous transthoracic puncture of small pulmonary nodules is technically challenging. We developed a novel electromagnetic navigation puncture system for the puncture of sub-centimeter lung nodules by combining multiple deep learning models with electromagnetic and spatial localization technologies. We compared the performance of DL-EMNS and conventional CT-guided methods in percutaneous lung punctures using phantom and animal models.

Potential associations between altered brain function, cognitive deficits and gene expressing profiles in bipolar disorder across three clinical stages.

Aims: We aimed to determine the relationship between altered brain imaging characteristics, cognitive function and profiles of gene expression of bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was presented in three groups of BD participants (depressed, manic and euthymic) and healthy controls. Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and region of interest based functional analysis combining with neuroimaging-transcription association analysis were utilized to investigate abnormalities and their correlation with clinical symptoms.

Effects of sarcopenic obesity on incident chronic kidney disease and rapid kidney function decline: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.

Study Purpose: Evidence on the effects of sarcopenic obesity (SO) on incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) in the Chinese population is limited. This study aimed to prospectively examine the associations of SO with incident CKD and RKFD among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Study Design And Methods: This prospective cohort study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal study of Chinese adults aged 45 and older.

Efficacy and Safety of Sulforaphane Added to Antipsychotics for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

There are few established treatments for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, which persist in many patients after positive symptoms are reduced. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications involving histone deacetylase (HDAC) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Sulforaphane has antioxidant properties and is an HDAC inhibitor.

Metabolic reprogramming and macrophage expansion define ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing.

Background: Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)-negative (ACPA-) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the absence of specific biomarkers, underscoring the need to elucidate its distinctive cellular and metabolic profiles for more targeted interventions.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial tissues of patients with ACPA- and ACPA+ RA, as well as healthy controls, were analyzed. Immune cell populations were classified based on clustering and marker gene expression, with pseudotime trajectory analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and transcription factor network inference providing further insights.

Investigating the Shared Genetic Architecture Between Psychiatric Disorders and Executive Function.

Background: Evidence for widespread comorbidity of executive dysfunctions with psychiatric disorders suggests common mechanisms underlying their pathophysiology. However, the shared genetic architectures between psychiatric disorders and executive function (EF) remain poorly understood.

Methods: Leveraging large genome-wide association study datasets of European ancestry on bipolar disorder ( = 353,899), major depressive disorder ( = 674,452), and schizophrenia ( = 130,644) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and iPSYCH and a common factor of EF ( = 427,037) from UK Biobank, we systematically investigated the shared genomic architectures between psychiatric disorders and EF with a set of statistical genetic, functional genomic, and gene-level analyses.

Medical thoracoscopy combined with intrapleural injection of urokinase for treatment of pleural infection-a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study: study protocol.

Background: Pleural diseases is a common respiratory disorder, mainly characterized as pleural effusion and patients with pleural effusion caused by pneumonia and empyema constituted 29% of the cohort, which suggests pleural infection as the predominant etiology of pleural effusion in China. Medical thoracoscopy (MT) combined with intrapleural injection of Urokinase holds significant therapeutic value for patients with early to moderate-stage empyema. However, there remains a lack of high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of combining MT with intrapleural injection of Urokinase administration in patients with pleural infections.

Hyperacute rejection-engineered oncolytic virus for interventional clinical trial in refractory cancer patients.

Recently, oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has shown great promise in treating malignancies. However, intravenous safety and inherent lack of immunity are two significant limitations in clinical practice. Herein, we successfully developed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus with porcine α1,3GT gene (NDV-GT) triggering hyperacute rejection.

Development of Electrospinning Setup for Vascular Tissue-Engineering Application with Thick-Hierarchical Fiber Alignment.

Background: Tissue engineering holds promise for vascular repair and regeneration by mimicking the extracellular matrix of blood vessels. However, achieving a functional and thick vascular wall with aligned fiber architecture by electrospinning remains a significant challenge.

Methods: A novel electrospinning setup was developed that utilizes an auxiliary electrode and a spring.

Overexpression of FTO alleviates traumatic brain injury induced posttraumatic epilepsy by upregulating NR4A2 expression via m6A demethylation.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a debilitating chronic outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although FTO has been reported as a possible intervention target of TBI, its precise roles in the PTE remain incompletely understood. Here we used mild or serious mice TBI model to probe the role and molecular mechanism of FTO in PTE.

Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a 16-year prospective cohort study.

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility, and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment.

Predictive Value of Urinary KIM-1, TIMP-2 and sTREM-1 for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Objective: We aimed to address the predictive value of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: One hundred thirty-six patients who underwent PCI were separated into the CI-AKI group (n = 36) and the non-CI-AKI group (n = 100) based on CI-AKI occurrence after operation, and their general data were collected. Blood and urine specimens were collected before operation (at the time of admission) and 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the operation and preserved for future use.

Enhancing staging in multiple myeloma using an m6A regulatory gene-pairing model.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow, challenging prognosis prediction. We developed a gene-pairing prognostic risk model using m6A regulatory genes and a nested LASSO method. A cutoff of - 0.

Targeting EGFR-binding protein SLC7A11 enhancing antitumor immunity of T cells via inducing MHC-I antigen presentation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Approximately 80% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients exhibit EGFR overexpression. The overexpression of EGFR has been linked to its potential role in modulating major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. We discovered that EGFR, operating in a kinase-independent manner, played a role in stabilizing the expression of SLC7A11, which subsequently inhibited MHC-I antigen presentation.

Moderate full-fat and low-fat yoghurt consumption correlates with reduced mortality risk: a large-scale prospective analysis.

Background: Yoghurt is a commonly consumed fermented food recommended by many guidelines. Yoghurt consumption can contribute to the intake of multiple nutrients and reduce the risk of several diseases. However, prospective evidence is limited on the associations between full/low-fat yoghurt consumption and mortality risk.

Examining the effects of school-vacation transitions on depression and anxiety in adolescents: network analysis.

Background: The school-vacation cycle may have impacts on the psychological states of adolescents. However, little evidence illustrates how transition from school to vacation impacts students' psychological states (e.g.

Current trends in household food insecurity, dietary diversity, and stunting among children under five in Asia: a systematic review.

Background: Household food insecurity (HFI) and poor dietary diversity (DD) are major public health challenges in Asia, greatly contributing to stunting among children under five. While previous research has focussed primarily on African regions, this systematic review provides novel insights into the association between HFI, DD, and stunting within the Asian context.

Methods: We searched across six major databases for studies published between 2019 and 2023 exploring the association between HFI, DD, and stunting in children under five across Asia.

EEG microstate analysis and machine learning classification in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Microstate characterization of electroencephalogram (EEG) is a data-driven approach to explore the functional changes and interrelationships of multiple brain networks on a millisecond scale. This study aimed to explore the pathological changes of whole-brain functional networks in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) through microstate analysis and further to explore its potential value as an auxiliary diagnostic index.

Methods: Forty-eight OCD patients (33 with more than moderate anxiety symptoms, 15 with mild anxiety symptoms) and 52 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited.

Biometallic ions and derivatives: a new direction for cancer immunotherapy.

Biometallic ions play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has become a breakthrough in cancer treatment, achieving good efficacy in a wide range of cancers with its specificity and durability advantages. However, existing therapies still face challenges, such as immune tolerance and immune escape.

The role of paraspinal muscle degeneration in cervical spondylosis.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between paraspinal muscle degeneration and cervical spondylosis through cervical spine MRI and lateral X-ray.

Methods: A retrospective study included 83 cervical spondylosis patients as the experimental group, consisting of 28 axial joint pain (Group A), 29 cervical radiculopathy (Group B), and 26 myelopathy (Group C), as well as 29 healthy individuals as the control group (Group D). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of paraspinal muscles at the C3-4, C4-5, and C5-6 segments was measured, including the deep extensor area (DEA), deep flexor area (DFA), and superficial extensor area (SEA).