Unveiling endothelial cell border heterogeneity: VE-cadherin adherens junction stratification by deep convolutional neural networks.

Background: Systemic diseases are often associated with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. A key function of ECs is to maintain the barrier between the blood and the interstitial space. The integrity of the endothelial cell barrier is maintained by VE-Cadherin homophilic interactions between adjacent cells.

The influence of cognitive reserve on ERP measures of selective visual attentional processing in older adults after mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Older adults have an increased risk of developing persistent cognitive complaints after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Yet, studies exploring which factors protect older adults with mTBI from developing such complaints are rare. It has been suggested that one such factor may be cognitive reserve (CR), but it is unknown how CR influences cognition in this patient category.

Cost-effectiveness of the SMILE intervention compared with usual care for people with severe mental illness: A randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: Only studying effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for people with severe mental illness (SMI) is insufficient for policy making. As budgets for healthcare are limited, policy makers face the problem of allocating scarce healthcare resources. Cost-effectiveness studies are needed, but currently cost-effectiveness studies of lifestyle interventions for people with SMI delivered in ambulatory care are limited.

ToF-SIMS Parallel Imaging MS/MS of Lead Soaps in Embedded Paint Cross Sections.

In the field of cultural heritage, and more specifically in oil paintings, the ability to unambiguously identify and locate metal soaps is of great interest for a better understanding of painting degradation. Here, we demonstrate the use of a Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) instrument capable of tandem mass spectrometry imaging for the unambiguous identification and localization of lead soaps in cross sections of samples of old oil paintings at high spatial resolution. It is shown that the specific fragmentation pattern of lead soaps is dictated by the loss of the lead ion and that fragmentation occurs on the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids.

High-Resolution Free-Breathing Chemical-Shift-Encoded MRI for Characterizing Lymph Nodes in the Upper Abdomen.

Objectives: Accurate lymph node (LN) staging is crucial for managing upper abdominal cancers. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging effectively distinguishes healthy and metastatic LNs through fat/water and -weighted imaging. However, respiratory motion artifacts complicate detection of abdominal LNs.

Researching gender and loneliness differently.

The majority of research on loneliness considers gender by comparing the loneliness reported by men and women. Drawing on current conceptualizations of gender and its effects, we propose alternative ways in which gender should be examined in relation to loneliness. To do so, we consider multiple gender-related factors and the role of the social environment, particularly societal ideologies about what gender is and how it should be expressed.

Fragment-to-Lead Medicinal Chemistry Publications in 2023.

This Perspective summarizes successful fragment-to-lead (F2L) studies that were published in 2023 and is the ninth installment in an annual series. A tabulated summary of the relevant articles published in 2023 is provided (17 entries from 16 articles), and a comparison of the target classes, screening methods, and overall fragment or lead property trends for 2023 examples and for the combined entries over the years 2015-2023 is discussed. In addition, we identify several trends and innovations in the 2023 literature that promise to further increase the success of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD), particularly in the areas of NMR and virtual screening, fragment library design, and fragment linking.

Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents vs Insulin for Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Metformin and glyburide monotherapy are used as alternatives to insulin in managing gestational diabetes. Whether a sequential strategy of these oral agents results in noninferior perinatal outcomes compared with insulin alone is unknown.

Objective: To test whether a treatment strategy of oral glucose-lowering agents is noninferior to insulin for prevention of large-for-gestational-age infants.

Association of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity with a high genetic risk for rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: Overlapping genes are involved with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and DNA repair pathways. Therefore, we hypothesised that patients with a high polygenic risk score (PRS) for RA will have an increased risk of radiotherapy (RT) toxicity given the involvement of DNA repair.

Methods: Primary analysis was performed on 1494 prostate cancer, 483 lung cancer and 1820 breast cancer patients assessed for development of RT toxicity in the REQUITE study.

Priority Clinical Actions for Outpatient Management of Nonhospitalized Traumatic Brain Injury.

Outpatient care following nonhospitalized traumatic brain injury (TBI) is variable, and often sparse. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's 2022 report on highlighted the need to improve the consistency and quality of TBI care in the community. In response, the present study aimed to identify existing evidence-based guidance and specific clinical actions over the days to months following nonhospitalized TBI that should be prioritized for implementation in primary care.

Comparing loss of contractual employment pre- and post-diagnosis in patients with rare versus common cancer types: a national registry-based study.

Purpose: Patients with rare cancer often experience diagnostic delays and limited treatment options, potentially negatively impacting their working lives. We explored whether those with rare vs. common cancer have an increased risk of loss of contractual employment (1) up to 2 years pre-diagnosis, (2) up to 5 years post-diagnosis, and (3) which characteristics of rare cancer survivors are associated with loss of contractual employment 5 years post-diagnosis.

Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users.

Background: A surrogate marker (a substitute indicator of the true outcome) is needed to predict subgroups of long-term lithium users at risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). In this narrative review the aim is to determine the optimal surrogate endpoint for ESKD in long-term lithium users in a scientific context. MAIN: In a literature search in long-term lithium users, no studies on surrogate measurements on ESKD were identified.

Pre- and post-diagnosis body weight trajectories in patients with localized renal cell cancer.

Purpose: Obesity in mid-life is a well-established risk factor for developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, patients with RCC who are obese at the time of diagnosis have more favorable survival outcomes. To get better insight into the obesity paradox and determine the extent to which weight around diagnosis is stable, we examined pre- and post-diagnosis weight changes in patients with localized RCC.

Methods: We included 334 patients with localized RCC from the prospective cohort ReLife who self-reported body weight at multiple time points ranging from 2 years before to 2 years after diagnosis.

Gene-environment interaction in ADHD traits: the role of school environment, personality, callousness-unemotional traits and satisfaction with life.

We investigated gene-environment interaction in ADHD traits, focusing on environmental variables related to personality traits, school environment, satisfaction with life, and callousness. Using data from 2170 16-year-old twins and state-of-the-art methodology to prevent spurious findings due to measurement scale artifacts, gene-environment interaction models were estimated separately for the two core ADHD dimensions, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattentiveness. Based on scores on the SWAN questionnaire, where high scores are reflective of low ADHD traits, results showed that additive genetic influences were more important in explaining individual differences in the degree of hyperactivity-impulsivity in twins with a high score on the trait conscientiousness than in twins with a moderate or low score (e.

Evaluating hypothetical prevention strategies for internalizing symptoms in the general population and at-risk children.

Objective: Specific modifiable factors (e.g., screen time [ST], sleep duration, physical activity, or social connections) are targets for reducing depression risk in adults.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: one single entity?

Purpose Of Review: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common brain disorder among the elderly and individuals with Alzheimer's disease, where accumulation of amyloid-ß can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage and dementia. This review discusses recent developments in understanding the pathophysiology and phenotypes of CAA.

Recent Findings: CAA has a long preclinical phase starting decades before symptoms emerge.

Prolonged grief symptoms and lingering attachment predict approach behavior toward the deceased.

Following the death of a loved one, both approach behaviors related to the deceased (i.e., engagement with feelings, memories, and/or reminders of the deceased) and the avoidance of reminders of the death are theorized to precipitate severe and persistent grief reactions, termed prolonged grief.

Depletion of TP53 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Triggers Malignant-Like Behavior.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) tend to acquire genetic aberrations upon culture in vitro. Common aberrations are mutations in the tumor suppressor TP53, suspected to confer a growth-advantage to the mutant cells. However, their full impact in the development of malignant features and safety of hPSCs for downstream applications is yet to be elucidated.

Good Practices for Health Technology Assessment Guideline Development: A Report of the Health Technology Assessment International, HTAsiaLink, and ISPOR Special Task Force.

Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) guidelines are intended to support the successful implementation of HTA by enhancing consistency and transparency in concepts, methods, processes, and use, thereby enhancing the legitimacy of the decision-making process. This report lays out good practices and practical recommendations for developing or updating HTA guidelines to ensure successful implementation.

Methods: The task force was established in 2022 and comprised experts and academics from various geographical regions, each with substantial experience in developing HTA guidelines for national health policy making.

Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.

Aims: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), and enuresis (NE) are common in children and adolescents and have serious consequences, especially on social and emotional development. Even though much is known about the association between SDB and NE among adults, the number of articles in children and adolescents is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present scoping review was to map out the current knowledge about SDB and LUTD in children and adolescents.

Detailed Characterization of the Conversion of Hardwood and Softwood Lignin by a Brown-Rot Basidiomycete.

Wood-degrading brown-rot fungi primarily target carbohydrates, leaving the lignin modified and potentially valuable for valorization. Here, we report a comprehensive comparison of how degrades hardwood and softwood, which have fundamentally different lignin structures. By harnessing the latest advancements in analytical methodologies, we show that removes more lignin from wood (up to 36%) than previously reported.

Influence of Tacticity on the Self-Assembly of Poly(ethylene glycol)--poly(lactic acid) Block Copolymers.

Lactide, possessing two stereocenters and thus three distinct configurations (DD, DL, and LL), serves as a captivating building block for polymers and self-assembly. Notably, polylactide (PLA) exhibits stereocomplexation, displaying heightened interactions between different configurations compared with interactions within the same configuration. This characteristic renders PLA an intriguing subject for investigating self-assembly behavior.