Effect of a physical activity and healthy eating lifestyle intervention in pregnancy on fetal growth trajectories: The DALI randomised controlled trial.

Background: Obesity during pregnancy is related to fetal overgrowth. Effective interventions that can mitigate this risk are needed.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women with obesity on fetal growth trajectories.

Shared Decision-Making on Tobacco Smoking by Older Adults Living in Residential Care Facilities: Care Professionals' Perspectives.

Objectives: Older adults with physical or cognitive disabilities may need to move to residential care facilities (RCFs). Some older adults smoke tobacco and become dependent on their care professionals to continue smoking. Care professionals need to balance an individual resident's quality of life and well-being with the health and safety of all residents and staff.

Clinical ischemia-reperfusion injury: Driven by reductive rather than oxidative stress? A narrative review.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains a major contributor to organ dysfunction following transient ischemic insults. Although numerous interventions have been found effective to reduce IR injury in preclinical models, none of these therapies have been successfully translated to the clinical setting. In the context of the persistent translational gap, we systematically investigated the mechanisms implicated in IR injury using kidney donation and transplantation as a clinical model of IR.

Using artificial intelligence to semi-automate trustworthiness assessment of randomized controlled trials: A case study.

Purpose: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine. Unfortunately, not all RCTs are based on real data. This serious breach of research integrity compromises the reliability of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, leading to misinformed clinical guidelines and posing a risk to both individual and public health.

Dietary Food Record Charts and Digital Photography effectively estimate hospital meal consumption.

Background & Aims: Optimal nutritional intake is essential to support nutritional status and improve recovery in hospital patients. To monitor adequate food intake in patients, reliable and accessible methods to quantify patient food intake accurately are needed. The present study aims to compare the accuracy of two methods, Food Record Charts (FRCs) and Digital Photography (DP), in estimating food intake with the gold standard of Weighed Food Records (WFRs).

A brief history of microplastics effect testing: Guidance and prospect.

Numerous reviews have consistently highlighted the shortcomings of studies evaluating the effects of microplastics (MP), with many of the issues identified in 2016 still relevant in 2024. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on MP effect testing, compare guidelines, and provide an overview of risk assessments conducted at both single species and community levels. We discuss standard test materials, MP characteristics, and mechanisms explaining effects.

A tailored substrate-based approach using focal pulsed field catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and advanced atrial substrate: Procedural data and 6-months success rates.

Background: Focal pulsed-field ablation (F-PFA) integrated in electroanatomical mapping (EAM) systems allows tailored lesion sets in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Objective: To determine feasibility, safety and 6-months outcome of F-PFA for a tailored substrate-based catheter ablation (CA) approach in patients with AF and advanced atrial substrate.

Methods: Consecutive patients with AF and advanced atrial substrate treated by a F-PFA system (Cardiofocus) through contact-force sensing catheters integrated in EAM systems were prospectively enrolled.

ZNF703 promotes Triple-Negative breast cancer cell progression and in combination with STK11 predicts disease recurrence (ZS -TNBC Model).

Background: It is largely unidentified concerning the underlying genetic causes responsible for triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), with unpredictable disease recurrence. This study aimed to examine the role of ZNF703 (Zinc finger 703) in the malignant behaviors of TNBC and its role in predicting disease-free survival (DFS).

Methods: After downregulation of ZNF703 with short interfering RNA (siRNA), we examined the proliferation of TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, the invasion of cells by a transwell invasion model, and the migration of cells by the monolayer wound-healing experiment.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The Association Between Newer Generation Antidepressants and Insomnia in Children and Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: To examine the association between newer generation antidepressants and insomnia as an adverse event (AE) in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method: A systematic search was performed in major databases (inception to August 31, 2023) to retrieve double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety of 19 antidepressants in the acute treatment (initial 6 to 12 weeks) of children and adolescents aged ≤ 18 years with MDD (primary analyses). RCTs in anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were retrieved from a recent meta-analysis and included in complementary analyses.

Under Pressure in the Eriksen Flanker Task.

A classical observation in experimental psychology is a reduction in reaction time and response accuracy under time pressure (TP). This speed-accuracy tradeoff may be understood from the combined perspectives of affordance competition and urgency gating. This view implies that action programs compete with each other from stimulus onset until the final response.

PBT/PMT assessment of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

The EU Commission proposal for a new EU pharmaceutical legislation considers PBT (persistence-bioaccumulation-toxicity) and PMT (persistence-mobility-toxicity) criteria for pharmaceuticals. Under current environmental risk assessment guidance, a PBT assessment is required regardless of the predicted environmental concentrations. However, consumption volumes of pharmaceuticals are contingent on marketing approval by EMA and are therefore predictable and their toxicological potency is established prior to any regulatory approval.

« Augmented radiotherapy » in the management of high-risk prostate cancer (PCa): a systematic review.

Background: In patients with high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa) treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), intensification with androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) improves overall survival (OS), at the cost of significant side-effects. We hypothesized that "augmented RT" schedules (defined as either dose-escalation on the prostate gland over 78Gy and/or addition of whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT)), combined with long-term ADT can reach excellent prostate cancer specific survival (PCSS) in this population with little detrimental impact on quality of life.

Methods: We searched Pubmed database until February 8, 2024.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis caused by the Val142Ile variant in Spain.

Introduction And Objectives: In recent years, several cases of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) due to the p.Val142Ile variant have been described in patients without African ancestry. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of ATTRv caused by p.

Understanding the determinants and outcomes of education in pulmonary rehabilitation: moving towards person-centered care.

Topic Importance: Education and psychosocial support are essential components of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). However, the delivery of education often follows a one-size-fits-all approach, with individual factors that influence learning rarely considered. Moreover, education-related outcomes are frequently overlooked in PR assessments, and inconsistent use of these outcomes has limited our understanding of the impact of education on people with chronic respiratory diseases.

The complexities of aeronautical transfer of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients.

Objective: Neurosurgical care is difficult to access in many scenarios. Aeromedical evacuation of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients from remote, isolated or poorly equipped locations can be considered. This article aims to provide a framework of logistical factors which deserve special consideration in the preparation of these patients for transfer.

Skeletal muscle adiposity, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Background And Aims: Skeletal muscle (SM) fat infiltration, or intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), reflects muscle quality and is associated with inflammation, a key determinant in cardiometabolic disease. Coronary flow reserve (CFR), a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), is independently associated with body mass index (BMI), inflammation and risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and death. The relationship between SM quality, CMD, and cardiovascular outcomes is not known.

Low-dose aspirin versus placebo in postpartum venous thromboembolism: a multi-national, pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Despite the morbidity and mortality of venous thromboembolism, there is little evidence to guide postpartum thromboprophylaxis in patients at moderate risk. We aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a double-blind, randomised trial of aspirin versus placebo in postpartum individuals with two or more venous thromboembolism risk factors, mild-to-moderate thrombophilia, or both.

Methods: The pilot PARTUM trial, a multi-national, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, was conducted in seven centres across Canada, France, Ireland, and the Netherlands.

Antibiotic treatment versus appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in adults: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have found antibiotics to be a feasible and safe alternative to appendicectomy in adults with imaging-confirmed acute appendicitis. However, patient inclusion criteria and outcome definitions vary greatly between RCTs. We aimed to compare antibiotics with appendicectomy for the treatment of acute appendicitis using individual patient data and uniform outcome definitions.

A conceptual framework to assess the health, socioeconomic and environmental burden of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge that affects patients, caregivers, healthcare systems, the environment and national economies. Despite its far-reaching impact, there is no framework to systematically evaluate national CKD prevention and management programmes or evaluate the societal burden of disease. This paper has two objectives: first, to introduce a comprehensive framework to assess national programmes, which recognises gaps and weaknesses and identifies feasible policy interventions to reduce overall CKD burden; second, to present some key challenges and success stories in delivering CKD services delivered in eight different country settings.

Influence of core material and occlusal contact pattern on fatigue behavior of different monolithic ceramic crowns.

This study evaluated the effect of substrate core materials and occlusal contact patterns on the fatigue mechanical behavior and stress distribution of single-unit ceramic crowns. One hundred and twenty monolithic crowns were fabricated from zirconia (YZ - IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar), lithium disilicate (LD - IPS e.

Antimicrobial efficacy of alternative root canal disinfection strategies: An evaluation on multiple working models.

Researching disinfection strategies is pivotal because effectively eliminating bacteria and their byproducts during root canal treatment (RCT) remains a challenge. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of natural antimicrobial compounds, propolis (PRO) and copaiba oil-resin (COR), compared to conventional agents in Endodontics. Antimicrobials were tested against endodontic pathogens via macrodilution with standardized inoculums to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).

PTV Margins in MR-guided and Beam-gated SBRT of Liver Metastases: GTV Dose Escalation Can Reduce the Required PTV.

Aims: Determining appropriate PTV margins for SBRT of liver metastases is a non-trivial task, especially with motion management included. The widely used analytical van Herk margin recipe (van Herk et al., 2000) could break down due to (i) a low number of fractions, (ii) non-Gaussian errors, or (iii) non-homogenous dose distributions.

Red blood cell pyruvate kinase properties in Townes and Berkeley sickle cell disease mouse models - Of mice and men.

Pyruvate kinase (PK), a key ATP-generating enzyme in glycolysis, is a target for novel sickle cell disease (SCD) therapies. Enhancing PK activity lowers 2,3-diphosphyglycerate (2,3-DPG), increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and may prevent red blood cell (RBC) sickling. Townes and Berkeley SCD mouse models are commonly used for the development of novel drugs for SCD, but differ from humans in 2,3-DPG and ATP levels, which could be related to underlying differences in PK properties.

Heart rate and salivary cortisol as indicators of arousal and synchrony in clients, therapy horses and therapist in equine-assisted therapy.

Background: This exploratory study aimed to analyse physiological interaction processes in equine-assisted-therapy (EAT) between client, therapy horse and therapist.

Methods: We measured heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and cortisol levels before, during and after a standardized therapy session and a control condition in one therapist, four therapy horses and ten female clients in emerging adulthood (Mn = 21.8 years, SD = 3.

Genomic scans for selection and runs of homozygosity in southern Italian turkey populations.

Basilicata and Apulian (BAS-APU) turkeys, a native population in the Basilicata and Puglia regions of southern Italy, are known for their high meat quality and tolerance to local conditions. Understanding the genomic patterns of BAS-APU turkeys is critical for effective breeding and preservation strategies. In this study, we characterized runs of homozygosity (ROH), and selection signatures using the integrated haplotype score (iHS) and ROH approaches.