Eye movements follow the dynamic shifts of attention through serial order in verbal working memory.

How are arbitrary sequences of verbal information retained and manipulated in working memory? Increasing evidence suggests that serial order in verbal WM is spatially coded and that spatial attention is involved in access and retrieval. Based on the idea that brain areas controlling spatial attention are also involved in oculomotor control, we used eye tracking to reveal how the spatial structure of serial order information is accessed in verbal working memory. In two experiments, participants memorized a sequence of auditory words in the correct order.

Using a citizen science approach to assess nanoplastics pollution in remote high-altitude glaciers.

Nanoplastics are suspected to pollute every environment on Earth, including very remote areas reached via atmospheric transport. We approached the challenge of measuring environmental nanoplastics by combining high-sensitivity TD-PTR-MS (thermal desorption-proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry) with trained mountaineers sampling high-altitude glaciers ("citizen science"). Particles < 1 μm were analysed for common polymers (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and tire wear particles), revealing nanoplastic concentrations ranging 2-80 ng mL at five of 14 sites.

Assessing the impact of energy coaching with smart technology interventions to alleviate energy poverty.

Energy poverty affects 550,000 homes in the Netherlands yet policy interventions to alleviate this issue are rare. Therefore, we test two energy coaching interventions in Amsterdam: a static information group (n = 67) which received energy efficient products and one energy-use report, and a smart information group (n = 50), which also had a display providing real-time feedback on energy-use. Results across both groups, show a 75% success rate for alleviating energy poverty.

Contributions of distractor dwelling, skipping, and revisiting to age differences in visual search.

Visual search becomes slower with aging, particularly when targets are difficult to discriminate from distractors. Multiple distractor rejection processes may contribute independently to slower search times: dwelling on, skipping of, and revisiting of distractors, measurable by eye-tracking. The present study investigated how age affects each of the distractor rejection processes, and how these contribute to the final search times in difficult (inefficient) visual search.

Conformational diversity in class C GPCR positive allosteric modulation.

The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) are class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that form obligate dimers activated by the major excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate. The architecture of mGlu receptor comprises an extracellular Venus-Fly Trap domain (VFT) connected to the transmembrane domain (7TM) through a Cysteine-Rich Domain (CRD). The binding of L-glutamate in the VFTs and subsequent conformational change results in the signal being transmitted to the 7TM inducing G protein binding and activation.

INSIGHT: A Tool for Fit-for-Purpose Evaluation and Quality Assessment of Standardized Observational Data Sources for Real World Evidence on Medicine and Vaccine Safety.

Purpose: To describe the development of INSIGHT, a real-world data quality tool to assess completeness, consistency, and fitness-for-purpose of observational health data sources.

Methods: We designed a three-level pipeline with data quality assessments (DQAs) to be performed in ConcePTION Common Data Model (CDM) instances. The pipeline has been coded using R.

Core Concepts: Self-Controlled Designs in Pharmacoepidemiology.

One of the key challenges in pharmacoepidemiological studies is that of uncontrolled confounding, which occurs when confounders are poorly measured, unmeasured or unknown. Self-controlled designs can help address this issue, as their key comparison is not between people, but periods of time within the same person. This controls for all time-stable confounders (genetics) and in the absence of time-varying confounding negates the need for an external control group.

Development of a Core Outcome Set of Domains to Evaluate Acute Pain Treatment After Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Modified Delphi Study.

Background: After lumbar spine surgery, a Core Outcome Set (COS) for acute pain is essential to ensure that the most meaningful outcomes are monitored consistently in the perioperative period. The aim of the present study was to consent on a COS for assessing the efficacy of acute pain management for patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery.

Method: A modified Delphi procedure was conducted among a national (Dutch) expert panel.

Empathy and tolerance of ambiguity in medical students and doctors participating in art-based observational training at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, Netherlands: a before-and-after study.

Purpose: This research presents an experimental study using validated questionnaires to quantitatively assess the outcomes of art-based observational training in medical students, residents, and specialists. The study tested the hypothesis that art-based observational training would lead to measurable effects on judgement skills (tolerance of ambiguity) and empathy in medical students and doctors.

Methods: An experimental cohort study with pre- and post-intervention assessments was conducted using validated questionnaires and qualitative evaluation forms to examine the outcomes of art-based observational training in medical students and doctors.

The impact of clinical phenotypes of coronary artery disease on outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: A post-hoc analysis of GLORIA-AF registry.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist, but the impact of clinical phenotypes of CAD on outcomes in AF patients in the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant drugs (NOACs) era is less well understood.

Methods: This was a post-hoc of the GLORIA-AF registry, a global, multicenter, prospective AF registry study. Patients were divided into three groups: prior history of myocardial infarction (MI)/unstable angina group (Group 1); stable angina group (Group 2); and a control group without stable angina or history of MI/unstable angina.

Impact of workflow times on successful reperfusion after endovascular treatment in the late time window.

Background And Purpose: Successful and complete reperfusion should be the aim of every endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) procedure. However, the effect of time delays on successful reperfusion in late window stroke patients presenting 6-to-24 h from onset has not been investigated.

Materials And Methods: We pooled individual patient-level data from seven trials and registries for anterior circulation stroke patients treated with EVT between 6 and 24 h from onset.

Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) Systematic Literature Review.

Background: While healthy dietary and lifestyle factors have been individually linked to lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risks, recommendations for whole diet-lifestyle patterns remained unestablished due to limited studies and inconsistent pattern definitions.

Objective: This updated review synthesized literature on dietary-lifestyle patterns and CRC risk/mortality.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched through 31 March 2023 for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies examining adulthood dietary patterns combined with modifiable lifestyle factors such as adiposity, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and/or others.

Altered Neural Responses to Punishment Learning in Conduct Disorder.

Objective: Conduct disorder (CD) is associated with deficits in the use of punishment for reinforcement learning (RL) and subsequent decision-making, contributing to reckless, antisocial, and aggressive behaviors. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether differences in behavioral learning rates derived from computational modeling, particularly for punishment, are reflected in aberrant neural responses in youths with CD compared to typically-developing controls (TDCs).

Methods: 75 youths with CD and 99 TDCs (9-18 years, 47% girls) performed a probabilistic RL task with punishment, reward, and neutral contingencies.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: the importance of biventricular strain in risk-stratification.

Despite arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) being predominantly a right ventricular (RV) disease, concomitant left ventricular (LV) involvement has been recognized. ARVC is diagnosed by the RV-centric 2010 Task Force Criteria(TFC) using routine echocardiography, but previous studies have suggested that strain imaging may be more sensitive to detect RV and LV dysfunction. No data however are available regarding the additional value of combining biventricular strain for risk stratification.

We are a family! Exploring flexitarian households' meat reduction practices.

It is widely accepted that the (over)consumption of meat is negatively linked to environmental problems and public health issues, yet research shows that actual meat consumption remains (too) high. While most research related to the protein transition focuses on consumers' motivations, perceptions and acceptance towards plant-based meat alternatives, a clear need arises to extensively study the context in which (plant-based) meals are consumed. In this research, a generative research approach was applied to extend knowledge on flexitarian households' meat reduction practices.

More self-efficacy is associated with longitudinally higher health-related quality of life in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ICU survivors: The prospective MaastrICCht cohort.

Background: More self-efficacy leads to greater confidence in one's ability to perform actions to achieve treatment goals. Therefore, self-efficacy may affect patient recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after ICU discharge.

Aim: In a cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 survivors, we examined the associations between self-efficacy at 3 months and HRQoL at 3, 12 and 24 months after discharge.

Albendazole-ivermectin co-formulation for the treatment of Trichuris trichiura and other soil-transmitted helminths: a randomised phase 2/3 trial.

Background: Treatments for soil-transmitted helminthiases face challenges, especially in addressing Trichuris trichiura. Combination regimens, particularly of ivermectin and albendazole, are promising. We aimed to assess the safety, efficacy, and palatability of a combination tablet for the treatment of T trichiura, hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis infections among school-aged children in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mozambique.

Outcome of a Mix-and-Match Approach with a Monofocal Aspherical and a Bifocal Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens to Achieve Extended Monovision in Cataract Patients.

Background: Extended monovision is a novel mix-and-match approach that has been recently introduced. It involves implanting an aspherical monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) for distance vision in the dominant eye, and a bifocal extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL in the nondominant eye. The target refraction for the nondominant eye is - 1.

4.5-Year Follow-up with a Novel Corneal Endothelial Prosthesis.

Background: Refractory corneal edema is the foremost reason for endothelial corneal transplantation (EK) in the world. Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) offer good clinical outcomes. However, human donor tissue is limited in availability and has a complex logistical chain.

Subgroups varying in risk and density highlight the potential for stratified breast cancer screening.

Most breast cancer screening programs rely only on demographic data without considering individual risk factors of the population, which might limit their effectiveness by over- and underscreening specific subgroups. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight health and economic disparities in outcomes from such a uniform screening strategy. With the microsimulation model MISCAN, we simulated outcomes of the Dutch screening program considering 16 subgroups varying by their 5-year breast cancer risk and breast density.