Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Gynaecomastia in the Young Adult: A Case Series.

We present three cases who presented to our Endocrinology OPD a few days apart with the common complaints of no or minimal development of secondary sexual characteristics. Although they had similar problems, investigations revealed a spectrum of different clinical, biochemical and genetic abnormalities. All the patients had otherwise normal anterior pituitary hormone secretion and sellar anatomy.

Frequency of Red Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization in Thalassemia Patients: A Report from Eastern India.

Introduction. Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization and autoimmunization remain a major problem in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients. There is a paucity of data on the incidence of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in thalassemic patients from eastern part of India, as pretransfusion antibody screening is not routinely performed.

A case of inappropriately high glycated hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin is a tetramer formed of two alpha and two beta globin chains. On exposure to high levels of blood glucose, hemoglobin gets non-enzymatically glycated at different sites in the molecule. HbA1c is formed when glucose gets added on to the N-terminal valine residue of the beta chain of hemoglobin.

Assessment of Vitamin D status In Patients of Chronic Low Back Pain of Unknown Etiology.

Low back pain is very disabling and dispiriting because of the physical impediment it causes and its psychological effects. Innumerable factors have been implicated in its etiology. In spite of improvements in diagnostic modalities, a considerable number of such cases fall in the ambiguous zone of unknown etiology or 'idiopathic.

Portal Hypertension and an Atypical Reactive Arthritis Like Presentation in a patient infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 3.

Background: Reactive arthritis (ReA) is defined as a peripheral arthritis lasting longer than 1 month, associated with urethritis, cervicitis, or diarrhea. The reported annual incidence of ReA is approximately 30-40 cases per 100,000 adults, occurring commonly in the age group of 16 and 35 years. It is known to be associated with gastrointestinal infections with Shigella, Salmonella, and Campylobacter species and other microorganisms, as well as with genitourinary infections (especially with Chlamydia trachomatis).

A case of Griscelli syndrome.

A hallmark of Griscelli syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is hair hypopigmentation characterized by a silver-gray sheen and the presence of large clusters of pigment unevenly distributed in the hair shaft. Either a primary neurological impairment or immune abnormalities are associated with this phenotype. We report the case of a 10-year-old child of consanguineous parents.

Primary Hypoparathyroidism Misdiagnosed as Epilepsy - A Case Report: Seizures, hypocalcemia and cerebral calcification.

Absent or inappropriately low intact parathyroid hormone along with hypocalcemia is the diagnostic criterion of hypoparathyroidism. Clinically, hypoparathyroidism manifests predominantly as neuromuscular dysfunction caused by hypocalcemia. We present here a case of hypoparathyroidism wrongly and ineffectively treated as epilepsy for four years prior to reporting to our hospital.

Partial anomalous left pulmonary artery: report of two cases and review of literature.

We describe two cases of anomalous origin of the left lower-lobe pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery. The primary diagnosis was mitral atresia, hypoplastic left ventricle, aortic arch hypoplasia in the first child, and tetralogy of Fallot in the second. In both cases, the pulmonary trunk gave rise to a left pulmonary artery in the normal position.

A case of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Ovulation induction has been an important mode of treatment of infertility. Ovarian stimulation may result in a supraphysiologic response leading to an iatrogenic complication known as the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). This syndrome is potentially a lethal condition, the pathophysiologic hallmark of which is the accumulation of massive extravascular exudate combined with profound intravascular volume depletion and hemoconcentration.

A physician's personal experience with breast cancer: An interview.

Dr Moushumi Lodh is a physician who was diagnosed with breast cancer in the year 2009. In this interview, she speaks to childhood friend and freelance medical writer, Dr Natasha Das about her life with cancer. When she was 22, Moushumi had a fibroadenoma removed from her breast.

Inborn errors of metabolism in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India.

Inborn errors of metabolism are a challenge on a diagnostic and therapeutic level. All newborn babies in our hospital were screened over 4 years. 91 (15%) neonates were screen positive for IEM, G6PD being the most common.

Assessment of oxidative stress and inflammatory process in patients of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is a disseminated malignancy of monoclonal plasma cells that accounts for 15 % of all hematological cancers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of inflammation and oxidant-antioxidant dynamics in the etiology of this disease. The study population comprised of 20 cases of multiple myeloma and 20 healthy controls.

Early diagnosis of co-existent ß-thalassemia and alkaptonuria.

Since the aggregate incidence of inborn errors of metabolism is relatively high, a high degree of suspicion is essential to correctly diagnose an inborn error of amino acid metabolism. We report a case of alkaptonuria an autosomal recessive disorder that occurs due to deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidasein a β-thalassemia infant presenting with reddish discoloration of nappies and clothes, breath holding spells, and microcytic hypochromic anemia. Born to consanguineous cousins, to our knowledge, the combination of β-thalassemia and alkaptonuria, which we have described in this baby, has not been reported earlier.

Cystatin C in Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Cystatin C has been regarded as a novel sensitive marker for the assessment of renal function, and the role of cystatin C as a predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with impaired renal function has been confirmed in clinical studies. In this study we assessed the association between cystatin C and Coronary artery disease [CAD] in a consecutive series of patients with normal kidney function in order to avoid the well-known effect of overt renal insufficiency on coronary atherosclerosis, and evaluate whether cystatin C has an ability to identify individuals at a higher risk for CAD among patients belonging to a low-risk category according to estimated glomerular filtration rate .The current study and review of literature demonstrated that serum levels of cystatin C, were independently associated with the development of CAD.

Autoimmune hepatitis with anti centromere antibodies.

We present the case report of a 49-year-old type 2 diabetes mellitus patient presenting with abdominal pain and black stool for 15 days. A proper workup of laboratory investigations helped us diagnose autoimmune hepatitis with anticentromere antibodies. The authors would like to highlight that screening AIH patients for anticentromere antibody is not mandatory but can be considered, especially in the presence of disease-related symptomatology for quicker, more accurate diagnosis and optimum management.

Primary biliary cirrhosis presenting with gastritis, hyperlipidemia and marked weight loss.

We report an unusual presentation of primary biliary cirrhosis. We present the case of a 31-year-old Indian woman who presented to the hospital with non specific complaints of gastritis, reduced appetite and marked weight loss and no complaints of pruritus. Serum liver enzymes were elevated.

Assessment of serum leptin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and CRP levels as indicators of plaque vulnerability in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Introduction: A multifactorial aetiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established in the recent past. Extensive research is now underway to understand the mechanisms responsible for plaque vulnerability. The identification of a novel biomarker that will help in the assessment of plaque status is urgently needed for the purpose of patient stratification and prognostication.

Congenital Hyperferritinemia Diagnosed in A 2 Month Old-A Case Report from India.

Background: In clinical medicine, ferritin is predominantly utilized as a serum marker of total body iron stores. In cases of iron deficiency and overload, serum ferritin serves a critical role in both diagnosis and management. Elevated serum and tissue ferritin are linked to coronary artery disease, malignancy, and poor outcomes following stem cell transplantation.

Thrombocytapheresis: managing essential thrombocythemia in a surgical patient.

A 73-year-old man presented with acute chest pain and shortness of breath suggestive of unstable angina. A detailed investigation revealed essential thrombocythemia and coronary artery pathology. With a baseline platelet count of 2,650×10(3)/μL, coronary artery bypass grafting became nearly impossible.

Synchronous occurrence of anaplastic, follicular and papillary carcinomas with follicular adenoma in thyroid gland.

Various combinations of thyroid carcinomas have been reported including those between different cancers of follicular cell origin and those between follicular and C-cell histogenesis. Accordingly, anaplastic carcinomas have been seen to coincide with simultaneous papillary and follicular cancers. We report a case of composite anaplastic and papillary cancer on one thyroid lobe with a follicular carcinoma in the other lobe in a female patient aged 64 years.