Navigating management of localized prostate cancer in the geriatric population.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is highly prevalent among aging men and a significant contributor to global mortality. Balancing early detection and treatment of "clinically significant" disease with avoiding over-detection and overtreatment of slow-growing tumors is challenging, especially for elderly patients with competing health risks and potentially aggressive disease phenotypes. This review emphasizes the importance of individualized approaches for diagnosing and treating PCa in geriatric patients.

Characterizing sociodemographic disparities and predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Asian and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander pregnant people: an analysis of PRAMS data, 2016-2022.

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) affects between 2 and 10% of pregnancies in the United States, with trends of increasing prevalence and a significant amount of variability across race and ethnicity, maternal age, and insurance status. Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) have been documented to have a higher prevalence and risk of developing GDM compared to non-Hispanic white populations and have been under-studied in health disparities research.

Methods: Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 2016-2022 surveys, we conducted analyses for the overall PRAMS sample as well as within-group analyses among participants who identify as Asian and NHOPI to identify risk factors for GDM.

Deployment of a Machine Learning Algorithm in a Real-World Cohort for Quality Control Monitoring of Human Epidermal Growth Factor-2-Stained Clinical Specimens in Breast Cancer.

Context.—: Precise determination of biomarker status is necessary for clinical trial enrollment and endpoint analyses, as well as for optimal treatment determination in real-world practice. However, variabilities may be introduced into this process due to the processing of clinical specimens by different laboratories and assessment by distinct pathologists.

HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Experiencing Incarceration in the United States: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective approach to preventing HIV acquisition and recommended for populations over-represented in carceral systems, given the overlap with populations disproportionately impacted by HIV. However, few studies have focused on PrEP initiation outcomes in a carceral setting to maximize public health impact.

Setting: This study was conducted in a unified jail/prison system within the state of Rhode Island located in the United States.

Sculpting Success: The Importance of Diet and Physical Activity to Support Skeletal Muscle Health during Weight Loss with New Generation Anti-Obesity Medications.

Obesity is a public health crisis, with prevalence rates tripling over the past 60 y. Although lifestyle modifications, such as diet and physical activity, remain the first-line treatments, recent anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have been shown to achieve greater reductions in body weight and fat mass. However, AOMs also reduce fat-free mass, including skeletal muscle, which has been demonstrated to account for 20% to 50% of total weight loss.

Stigma and the Couple: How Daily Stigma Experiences Influence Relationship Functioning and Alcohol Use in Female Cisgender Couples.

Minority stress is the leading explanation for sexual minority women's (SMW) higher rates of, and heavier, alcohol use compared to heterosexual women. Little is known about how both partners' sexual minority stressors impact alcohol consumption in a dyadic context, and even less research has considered these effects at the day-level. This study utilizes dyadic daily diary data to test associations of each partner's sexual minority stress events with drinking outcomes (day-level alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking [HED], and estimated blood alcohol content [eBAC]) among women in same-gender relationships ( 159 couples).

Unpacking the Controversies of Weight Loss and Dietary Restraint With Binge-Eating Disorder: Commentary on Grilo and Pittman.

The study by Grilo and Pittman highlights two related controversies affecting the eating disorders field: (1) Is it ever appropriate to recommend behavioral weight loss (BWL) interventions to patients with binge-eating disorder (BED); and (2) Is dietary restraint beneficial or harmful? This paper explores reasons underlying these controversies and underscores the important nuances within these constructs within the context of Grilo and Pittman's findings. For example, people often subsume BWL as part of the umbrella term "dieting," but extensive research shows clear differences between self-directed "dieting" and BWL intervention on both weight loss efficacy and on eating disorder psychopathology. In addition, it is critical to consider and understand the different types of dietary restraint.

Multilevel Resilience and Appointment Attendance Among African American/Black Adults with HIV: A Prospective Multisite Cohort Study.

Background: Attending clinic appointments supports HIV viral suppression, yet racial disparities are documented. We assessed whether multilevel resilience resources were associated with appointment attendance among African American/Black (AA/B) adults living with HIV in the United States.

Methods: We ascertained data from 291 AA/B clinical cohort participants from 2018 to 2021.

Pregnancy-onset obstructive sleep apnea and ambulatory blood pressure.

Study Objective: Elevated nocturnal blood pressure (BP) increases the risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Though obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk for HDP, data on OSA and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in pregnancy are scarce. We aim to examine the BP profile of women with pregnancy-onset OSA.

Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Neurosyphilis in Rhode Island.

The incidence of syphilis has been steadily rising throughout the United States over the past decade, including Rhode Island. Neurosyphilis is a manifestation of syphilis involving the central nervous system and can present with a multitude of symptoms. We evaluated all cases of syphilis at a single healthcare system in Rhode Island over a 10.

Analysis of different populations accessing online overdose response training and harm reduction supplies (ADORES).

Background: An online mail order naloxone and harm reduction supply program was created by an interdisciplinary team at the University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy and hosted on the university website (UNIV). The program was subsequently funded by the Rhode Island Department of Health (DOH) and added to the DOH website. This study compares demographic characteristics of the two populations submitting requests through the program's distinct access points, UNIV and DOH, to those of populations at-risk for overdose.

Associations Between Deficit Accumulation Frailty and Baseline Markers of Lifestyle in the US POINTER Trial.

Background: Multidomain lifestyle interventions may have the potential to slow biological aging as captured by deficit accumulation frailty indices. We describe the distribution and composition of the 49-component frailty index (FI) developed by the U.S.

Student Urology Conference Increases Participant Knowledge of Urology Match and Confidence in Research.

Objective: To study the impact of a student-specific urology conference for students considering a career in urology. The first symposium specifically for medical students interested in urology was designed to provide an opportunity to present their research, explore urological subspecialties, and network with faculty members, residents, and other students.

Methods: Medical students and faculty at a US medical school organized the inaugural New England Student Urology Symposium (NESUS).

Behavioral weight loss interventions in college health centers: A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Background: Emerging adults are underrepresented in standard behavioral weight loss interventions (BWLIs). Offering BWLIs in college health centers may help to address obesity in emerging adulthood by reducing student barriers associated with participation; however, implementation barriers and facilitators for health centers are unknown.

Methods: Health services center administrators and providers ( = 14) and students eligible to participate in a BWLI ( = 9, average BMI = 29.

How can we build structural resilience? Integration of social-ecological and minority stress models.

As the United States contends with racism and a social justice reckoning, the need to advance our understanding of how to build structural resilience continues to be pressing. This article proposes a culturally and structurally informed model of resilience for individuals with minoritized identities that integrates social-ecological and minority stress models. First, common stressors and traumas experienced by minoritized individuals at multiple levels of proximal/distal influence are reviewed: microsystem (e.

The impact of weight self-stigma on weight-loss treatment engagement and outcome.

Background: Individuals with overweight or obesity often endure significant weight-based prejudice and discrimination in various settings. Experiencing weight-related stigma is linked to many adverse psychosocial outcomes. Weight self-stigma is when an individual internalizes and identifies with negative attributes ascribed to people with larger bodies and has self-devaluing thoughts because of their weight and is associated with poorer health outcomes.

College Student Social Network Characteristics and Alcohol Use: Differences (and Similarities) Based on Sexual Identity and Attraction.

Objective: Sexual minority (SM) college students have higher alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences than heterosexual students. Peers are salient determinants of young adult drinking, and examining social network characteristics is useful for understanding peer influence. This study used social network methods to understand network characteristics, alcohol use (i.