Cardiometabolic biomarkers in young black girls: relations to body fatness and aerobic fitness, and effects of a randomized physical activity trial.

There is little evidence from randomized trials showing that physical activity alone influences biomarker profiles in youths. This study tested two hypotheses: (i) that elevated body fatness and poor fitness would be associated with unfavorable levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers in 8-12-y-old black girls (n = 242) and (ii) that a 10-mo PA intervention would have favorable effects on the fatness-related cardiometabolic biomarkers. At baseline, all fatness indices (i.

State-of-the-art: dental photocuring--a review.

Light curing in dentistry has truly revolutionized the practice of this art and science. With the exception bonding to tooth structure, there is perhaps no single advancement that has promoted the ease, efficiency, productivity, and success of performing dentistry. Like most every major advancements in this profession, the technology underlying the successful application of light curing in dentistry did not arise from within the profession, but instead was the result of innovative adaptations in applying new advances to clinical treatment.

Fibrous cortical defect (nonossifying fibroma) of the mandibular ramus: report of 2 cases.

Fibrous cortical defect, also known as metaphyseal fibrous defect and nonossifying fibroma, among other terms, is a benign, non-neoplastic proliferative process that is relatively common in the long bones of skeletally immature adolescents. Although the lesion is thought to be a developmental abnormality or defect, the exact etiopathogenesis is largely unknown. The lesion has a limited growth potential and good treatment outcome.

Management of transverse vaginal septum using the Olbert balloon catheter to mobilize the proximal vaginal mucosa and facilitate low anastomosis.

Objective: To mobilize and make available for anastomosis the maximal amount of mucosa from the expanded upper vaginal tissue and avoid postoperative narrowing of the vagina.

Design: Technique paper.

Setting: Tertiary care medical center.

NELF is a nuclear protein involved in hypothalamic GnRH neuronal migration.

Nasal embryonic LHRH factor (NELF) has been hypothesized to participate in the migration of GnRH and olfactory neurons into the forebrain, a prerequisite for normal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in puberty and reproduction. However, the biological functions of NELF, which has no homology to any human protein, remain largely elusive. Although mRNA expression did not differ, NELF protein expression was greater in migratory than postmigratory GnRH neurons.

Location of acute myocardial infarction and associated arrhythmias and outcome.

Background: Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been associated with adverse prognosis in numerous reports. Small studies have frequently associated different arrhythmias with various distributions of myocardial infarctions. We analyzed a nationally representative hospital discharge database to evaluate the relationship between the location of AMI and the associated arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities and their impact on in-hospital mortality.

GERD or not GERD: the fussy infant.

A global evidence-based consensus has defined gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as 'a condition, which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications.' The manifestations of GERD can be divided into esophageal and extraesophageal syndromes, and include vomiting, poor weight gain, dysphagia, abdominal or substernal/retrosternal pain, esophagitis and respiratory disorders. The extraesophageal syndromes have been divided into established and proposed associations: established would include cough, laryngitis, asthma and dental erosion ascribable to reflux, whereas proposed associations would include pharyngitis, sinusitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and recurrent otitis media.

Comparison of manufacturer-recommended exposure durations with those determined using biaxial flexure strength and scraped composite thickness among a variety of light-curing units.

Statement Of The Problem: Manufacturer-recommended exposure durations for light-curing units are often understated and might not have true clinical relevance.

Purpose: To compare composite depths of cure among exposure durations provided by the manufacturer and those obtained when optimizing exposure duration for biaxial flexural strength or for composite compule-scraping tests when using different light-curing units.

Methods/materials: A hybrid composite (Prodigy, A3, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) was exposed to different light-curing units (all manufactured by Kerr Demetron) (conventional quartz-tungsten-halogen [QTH], conventional blue light-emitting diode [LED(CONV)] or a high-intensity blue LED light [LED(HIGH)]) for various amounts of time, including that recommended by the manufacturer for the given light.

Phenotypic spectrum of 45,X/46,XY males with a ring Y chromosome and bilaterally descended testes.

Objective: To characterize the phenotypic spectrum of males with bilaterally descended testes and a 45,X/46,X,(r)Y karyotype.

Design: Retrospective review of patient records; cytogenetic and molecular analysis.

Setting: Tertiary medical center setting.

The prevalence of intragenic deletions in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome.

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders caused by a deficiency of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Mutations in three genes--KAL1, GNRHR and FGFR1--account for 15-20% of all causes of IHH/KS. Nearly all mutations are point mutations identified by traditional PCR-based DNA sequencing.

Cognitive dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders: selected serotonin receptor subtypes as therapeutic targets.

The indolamine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine-5-HT) was identified and initially characterized around the middle of the twentieth century and it is now known to participate in multiple physiologic processes in mammalians. As a neurotransmitter, 5-HT is well documented to play a significant role in the pathophysiology and treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders including anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. In addition, there is also some evidence to suggest that 5-HT function in the brain may be important (particularly in the behavioral disturbances) in various forms of dementia including Alzheimer's disease.

Advances in head and neck radiotherapy to the mandible.

Management of radiation-exposed bone in the mandible is a dilemma many oral and maxillofacial surgeons must confront and manage. Current advances in radiotherapy techniques using pin-point computerized accuracy in combination with other advances, such as morphed imaging, fractionalization protocols, minimization of scatter, and pretreatment dental examinations, have greatly decreased the late effects of radiation and osteoradionecrosis. The intent of this article is to provide a brief overview of the following topics: radiotherapy physics and radiobiology, effects of radiotherapy on normal tissues, including the pathogenesis of osteoradionecrosis, and advances in contemporary radiotherapy treatment.

Cerebral air embolism: acute imaging.

Iatrogenic cerebral air embolism secondary to right subclavian vein recatheterization was imaged acutely by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, CT showed intravascular air with misleadingly high attenuation values sampled to a minimum of -39 HU. Diffusion-weighted imaging, not previously reported in this setting, clearly showed hyperintense acute infarctions in corresponding vascular territories 8.

Surgical strategies and outcomes in patients with Shone complex: a retrospective review.

Background: Multilevel obstruction of left-sided heart structures was originally characterized by Shone and colleagues. The formulation of an appropriate operative strategy remains problematic. Surgical outcomes have generally been poor.

Birthplace, years of residence in the United States, and obesity among Mexican-American adults.

Objective: To evaluate the association between birthplace (Mexico or U.S.) and obesity in men and women and to analyze the relationship between duration of U.

Trichorrhexis nodosa secondary to argininosuccinicaciduria.

Argininosuccinicaciduria is a rare metabolic disorder of the urea cycle associated with the inability to excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of urea. Along with low serum arginine, hepatomegaly, and mental retardation, congenital trichorrhexis nodosa is a distinguishing feature of the disorder. We present a 3.

A mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene causes fully penetrant normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

Context: Kallmann syndrome (KS) consists of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and anosmia/hyposmia. Currently, the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene is the only known autosomal dominant cause of KS, which is also associated with synkinesia, midfacial defects, and dental agenesis.

Objective: Mutations in FGFR1 typically demonstrate reduced penetrance, variable expressivity, and until recently have been exclusively identified in families with anosmia.

Stage I palliation for interrupted "right" aortic arch associated with mitral atresia.

A 2.6 kg female with the diagnosis of type "B" interruption of the "right" aortic arch and mitral atresia underwent stage I palliation with translocation and anastomosis of the distal right carotid artery to the descending aorta. The distal main pulmonary artery was anastomosed to the under surface of the neoaortic arch.

Psychological effects women experience before and after a colposcopic examination and primary care appointment.

OBJECTIVE.: To estimate the psychological impact, health and behavior concerns, and coping styles of women awaiting colposcopic examination compared with women awaiting a scheduled primary care appointment. MATERIALS AND METHODS.

Colposcopy quality control for clinical trials: the positive effects from brief, intensive educational intervention.

Objective: To determine whether a brief, intensive colposcopy course improves the cognitive skills of colposcopists participating in clinical trials.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two colposcopists involved in a multicenter clinical trial attended an intensive colposcopy course designed to improve diagnostic skills. Participants completed a pretest and posttest of 10 case-based studies and the ASCCP Colposcopy Recognition Award (CRA) examination.

Identification of cervical neoplasia using a simulation of human vision.

Objective: To determine whether a computer simulation of human vision could detect and discriminate cervical cancer precursors and cancer from normal epithelium.

Methods: The Georgia Tech Vision (GTV) system was trained to recognize normal and abnormal cervical features. GTV then assessed a new series of images to determine whether it could detect and diagnose cervical neoplasia without any a priori information about the images.