Protocol to study neuronal membrane proteasome function in mouse peripheral sensory neurons.

Neuronal membrane proteasomes (NMPs) are expressed on a subset of somatosensory dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and influence mechanical and pain sensitivity. Here, we present a protocol for studying NMP function in mouse peripheral sensory neurons. We describe steps for procuring and culturing primary DRG neurons.

Normalization of Retinal Birefringence Scanning Signals.

Signal amplitudes obtained from retinal scanning depend on numerous factors. Working with polarized light to interrogate the retina, large parts of which are birefringent, is even more prone to artifacts. This article demonstrates the necessity of using normalization when working with retinal birefringence scanning signals in polarization-sensitive ophthalmic instruments.

Girolline is a sequence context-selective modulator of eIF5A activity.

Natural products have a long history of providing probes into protein biosynthesis, with many of these compounds serving as therapeutics. The marine natural product girolline has been described as an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Its precise mechanism of action, however, has remained unknown.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

Racial, socioeconomic, and payer status disparities in utilization of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the USA.

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a surgical treatment for knee osteoarthritis associated with lower morbidity compared with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with isolated unicompartmental knee arthritis. As disparities have been noted broadly in arthroplasty care, it follows that such disparities might be present in the utilization of UKA relative to TKA. This study therefore examined racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and payer status differences in utilization of UKA.

Social Determinants of Health and Cross-Sectional Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in Adults from the Deep South Living with HIV.

Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) is a sensitive marker of neuropathology and is increased in people with HIV (PWH). In a sample of PWH from the United States Deep South, we examined the relationship of cognitive IIV with cognitive impairment and social determinants of health (SDoH). This secondary analysis included 131 PWH from a larger cognitive training protocol.

Defining ortholog-specific UHRF1 inhibition by STELLA for cancer therapy.

UHRF1 maintains DNA methylation by recruiting DNA methyltransferases to chromatin. In mouse, these dynamics are potently antagonized by a natural UHRF1 inhibitory protein STELLA, while the comparable effects of its human ortholog are insufficiently characterized, especially in cancer cells. Herein, we demonstrate that human STELLA (hSTELLA) is inadequate, while mouse STELLA (mSTELLA) is fully proficient in inhibiting the abnormal DNA methylation and oncogenic functions of UHRF1 in human cancer cells.

Understanding variation in management of early-onset neonatal sepsis in India: a vignette-based survey.

Background: Antibiotic use for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is common, but prolonged exposure can lead to poor outcomes. Laboratory capacity and infection prevention initiatives may impact antibiotic use for EONS in neonatal intensive care units. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of institutional capacity on antibiotic prescribing for EONS in India.

The Anti-AGEing and RAGEing Potential of Isothiocyanates.

Isothiocyanates (ITCs), found in edible plants such as cruciferous vegetables, are a group of reactive organo-sulfur phytochemicals produced by the hydrolysis of precursors known as glucosinolates. ITCs have been studied extensively both in vivo and in vitro to define their therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic health conditions. Therapeutically, they have shown an intrinsic ability to inhibit oxidative and inflammatory phenotypes to support enhanced health.

Nanomedicine in Ophthalmology: From Bench to Bedside.

Ocular diseases such as cataract, refractive error, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy significantly impact vision and quality of life worldwide. Despite advances in conventional treatments, challenges like limited bioavailability, poor patient compliance, and invasive administration methods hinder their effectiveness. Nanomedicine offers a promising solution by enhancing drug delivery to targeted ocular tissues, enabling sustained release, and improving therapeutic outcomes.

Infantile Spasms in Pediatric Down Syndrome: Potential Mechanisms Driving Therapeutic Considerations.

Infantile spasms are common in Down Syndrome (DS), but the mechanisms by which DS predisposes to this devastating epilepsy syndrome are unclear. In general, neuronal excitability and therefore seizure predisposition results from an imbalance of excitation over inhibition in neurons and neural networks of the brain. Animal models provide clues to mechanisms and thereby provide potential therapeutic approaches.

Personalized Dose Selection for Treatment of Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders Using tDCS.

: Individualizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) parameters can improve precision in neuropsychiatric disorders. One important decision for the clinician is the selection of an appropriate montage-conventional or high-definition (HD)-to implement dose-controlled tDCS while maintaining the patient's safety. : The present study simulated tDCS administration using T1-weighted brain images of 50 dementia, 25 depression patients, and 25 healthy individuals for two conventional and HD montages, targeting the regions of interest (ROIs) in the dorsal and ventral pathways that support language processing.

Access to robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty varies significantly by race/ethnicity.

Background: Racial/ethnic disparities in access to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been extensively demonstrated. Over the past several years, there has been a rapid increase in the utilization of robot-assisted TKA (RA-TKA). Therefore, this study sought to determine whether previously established racial/ethnic disparities extend to access to RA-TKA relative to conventional TKA.

Cinematic rendering of pleural solitary fibrous tumor.

Solitary fibrous tumors are rare and typically benign fibroblastic neoplasms with a mean age of onset ranging from 60 to 70 years. Solitary fibrous tumors may arise anywhere within the body, however the pleura is the most common site of origin for these tumors, with approximately 30% of tumors arising from the pleura. In this report we highlight the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with gradually progressive left sided chest pain that was eventually diagnosed as a pleural SFT.

Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, and Vestibular Areflexia as a Presentation of a Novel DNMT1 Mutation.

A 50-year-old woman with a 20-year history of gait instability presented with new-onset vertigo and oscillopsia. Examination revealed bilateral vestibular loss, cerebellar ataxia, sensory neuropathy, a "yes-yes" head tremor, nystagmus and a family history of a similar syndrome. Genetic testing for cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome (RFC1) was negative, but whole exome sequencing identified a novel mutation in the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) gene, broadening the differential diagnosis for this phenotype.

Modifies Chronic Airway Infection Risk in Cystic Fibrosis.

Rationale: Chronic () airway infection is common and a key contributor to diminished lung function and early mortality in persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Risk factors for chronic among PwCF include cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotype, genetic modifiers, and environmental factors. Intensive antibiotic therapy and highly effective modulators do not eradicate in most adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis.

In vivo imaging of glycogen in human muscle.

Probing regional glycogen metabolism in humans non-invasively has been challenging due to a lack of sensitive approaches. Here we studied human muscle glycogen dynamics post-exercise with a spatial resolution of millimeters and temporal resolution of minutes, using relayed nuclear Overhauser effect (glycoNOE) MRI. Data at 5T showed a homogeneous distribution of glycogen in resting muscle, with an average concentration of 99 ± 13 mM.

Light-dependent modulation of protein localization and function in living bacteria cells.

Most bacteria lack membrane-enclosed organelles and rely on macromolecular scaffolds at different subcellular locations to recruit proteins for specific functions. Here, we demonstrate that the optogenetic CRY2-CIB1 system from Arabidopsis thaliana can be used to rapidly direct proteins to different subcellular locations with varying efficiencies in live Escherichia coli cells, including the nucleoid, the cell pole, the membrane, and the midcell division plane. Such light-induced re-localization can be used to rapidly inhibit cytokinesis in actively dividing E.

Autologous Fascia Nerve Wrap in a Rodent Primary Epineurial Repair Model and Preliminary Case Series.

Background: Nerve wraps composed of various autologous and bioengineered materials have been used to bolster nerve repair sites. In this study, we describe the novel use of autologous fascia nerve wraps (AFNW) as an adjunct to epineurial repair and evaluate their effect on inflammatory cytokine expression, intraneural collagen deposition and end-organ reinnervation in rats and use of AFNW in a patient case series.

Methods: Lewis rats received sciatic transection with repair either with or without AFNW, sciatic-to-common peroneal nerve transfer with or without AFNW, or sham surgery (n=14/group).

A spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula treated by Walter Dandy and illustrated by Dorcas Hager Padget in 1934.

Dorcas Hager Padget was a renowned neurosurgical illustrator and neuroembryologist. She collaborated closely with Walter E. Dandy, founder of the field of vascular neurosurgery, from 1928 until his death in 1946.

Functional Regrowth of Norepinephrine Axons in the Adult Mouse Brain Following Injury.

It is widely believed that axons in the central nervous system of adult mammals do not regrow following injury. This failure is thought, at least in part, to underlie the limited recovery of function following injury to the brain or spinal cord. Some studies of fixed tissue have suggested that, counter to dogma, norepinephrine (NE) axons regrow following brain injury.