160 results match your criteria: "the Institute for Adult Diseases[Affiliation]"

Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications.

World J Diabetes

December 2014

Akifumi Kushiyama, Kentaro Tanaka, Shigeko Hara, Shoji Kawazu, Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.

Hyperuricemia have been thought to be caused by the ingestion of large amounts of purines, and prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia has intended to prevent gout. Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) is rate-limiting enzyme of uric acid generation, and allopurinol was developed as a uric acid (UA) generation inhibitor in the 1950s and has been routinely used for gout prevention since then. Serum UA levels are an important risk factor of disease progression for various diseases, including those related to lifestyle.

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Objectives: To determine the effects of a lifestyle intervention on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), in particular in the subgroup with baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥5.7%, in primary healthcare settings.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

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Body mass index and mortality among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of the Japan diabetes complications study and the Japanese elderly diabetes intervention trial.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

December 2014

Department of Pharmacoepidemiology (Sh.T., Sa.T.), Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Biostatistics (S.I., Y.O.), School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; The Institute for Adult Diseases (Y.A.), Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine (N.Y.), University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital (A.A., H.I.), Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; and Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (H.S.), Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.

Context: Previous studies on the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in diabetes do not necessarily provide a comprehensive view in terms of the global population because of the exclusion of individuals with a BMI less than 18.5 kg/m(2).

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association between BMI and mortality.

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Dietary sodium intake and incidence of diabetes complications in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

October 2014

Department of Health and Nutrition (C.H.), University of Niigata Prefecture Faculty of Human Life Studies, Niigata 950-8680, Japan; Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (C.H., O.H., H.S.), Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (C.H., N.Y.), University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Training Department of Administrative Dietitians (Y.Y., C.K.), Shikoku University, Tokushima 771-1151, Japan; EBM Research Center (Sh.T.) and Translational Research Center (Sa.T.), Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.A., H.I.), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Nutrition Clinic (A.T.), Kagawa Nutrition University, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Preventive Health Sciences (Y.O.), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; and The Institute for Adult Diseases (Y.A.), Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.

Context: Many guidelines recommend that patients with type 2 diabetes should reduce their dietary sodium intake. However, the relationship between dietary sodium intake and incidence of diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes has not been explored.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between dietary sodium intake and incidence of diabetes complications.

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Aims: To analyze time-to-effect relationships between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the risks of development of nephropathy and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 647 patients with type 2 diabetes who first visited our hospital between 1995 and 1996, made ≥1 hospital visit per year, had been followed-up for ≥1year, and had undergone ≥4 SBP measurements. Of these, 352 with normoalbuminuria and 516 without retinopathy were followed through June 2012.

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Introduction: Insulin degludec (IDeg) is an ultra-long-acting basal insulin with a consistent action profile of >42 h. This trial compared the efficacy and safety of IDeg with insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naïve Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: In this multinational, 26-week, open-label, treat-to-target trial, 435 participants (202 females, 233 males; mean age 58.

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Aims/introduction: To investigate trends over the past 20 years for the prevalence of obesity and glycemic control in association with a patient's first hospital visit for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: This was a historical, cross-sectional, time-series, single-center study carried out at Marunouchi Hospital. Data from type 2 diabetic patients who were never treated until their first hospital visit were analyzed for the following periods: 1986-1987 (group A, n = 453), 1996-1997 (group B, n = 547) and 2006-2008 (group C, n = 443).

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Aims: We aimed to evaluate the association between HbA1c variability and mortality due to all causes, cancer, and non-cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of mean HbA1c levels.

Methods: We enrolled 754 patients with type 2 diabetes who first visited our hospital between 1995 and 1996, had been followed for at least 2years, and had undergone four or more HbA1c determinations. Patients were followed through June 2012.

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We have recently demonstrated that basal cardiomyopathy develops in rabbits with ventricular tachyarrhythmias that have been induced by electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus. This study investigated whether similar basal cardiomyopathy would develop in rabbits with ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by a single injection of adrenaline. Adrenaline was intravenously infused for 10-360 seconds in anesthetized rabbits.

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Objective: To investigate whether visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP) can predict development and progression of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: From 1995 through 1996, 664 T2DM patients visited our hospital for the first time and were subsequently examined 4 times or more and at least once annually. At first visit, 326 had normoalbuminuria, 644 had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≥ 45 ml/min/1.

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Although macrocytic anemia can develop in patients with acute blood loss, such anemia in very old patients is uncommon. In this report, we describe the course of an 89-year-old woman who had a rapid recovery from macrocytic anemia by medication only after acute blood loss due to a gastric ulcer. She had been treated with antihypertensive drugs for the previous 28 years at our outpatient clinic, and was admitted because of acute anemia 6 days after she had experienced tarry stool.

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Objective: Resistin-like molecule (RELM) β is a secretory protein homologous to resistin and reportedly contributes to local immune response regulation in gut and bronchial epithelial cells. However, we found that activated macrophages also express RELMβ and thus investigated the role of RELMβ in the development of atherosclerosis.

Approach And Results: It was demonstrated that foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions of the human coronary artery abundantly express RELMβ.

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Aims: This phase 3, 26-week, open-label, treat-to-target trial investigated the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) in insulin-naïve Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Subjects were randomized to once-daily injections of IDegAsp (n = 147) or insulin glargine (IGlar) (n = 149), both ±≤2 oral antidiabetic treatments. IDegAsp was given before the largest meal at the discretion of each subject (and maintained throughout the trial); IGlar was dosed according to label.

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Aims/introduction: An initial 26-week, randomized, open-label study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide 10 mcg twice daily with exenatide 2 mg once weekly in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes who experienced inadequate glycemic control with oral antidiabetes medications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of exenatide once weekly in Japanese patients, a subset of the initial patient population, who continued into this extension study for an additional 26 weeks of therapy on exenatide once weekly, followed by 10 weeks without exenatide once weekly.

Materials And Methods: Japanese patients initially assigned to exenatide twice daily (n = 62) switched to exenatide once weekly for the extended 26 weeks, and patients initially assigned to exenatide once weekly (n = 74) continued on this regimen for the remainder of the study (total treatment of 52 weeks).

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Aims/introduction: To compare safety and efficacy of the extended-release formulation exenatide once weekly (EQW) vs exenatide twice daily (EBID) for 26 weeks in type 2 diabetes patients from China, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, comparator-controlled, open-label study included 681 patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥7 and ≤11%) with oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs). Patients added 2 mg EQW or 10 μg EBID to current OAMs.

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Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is linked to cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. This study examined whether mild-stage DR is associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in type 2 diabetic patients of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study (JDCS).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

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LST8 level controls basal p70 S6 kinase and Akt phosphorylations, and mTORC1 and mTORC2 negatively regulate each other by competing for association with LST8.

Obes Res Clin Pract

December 2013

Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan. Electronic

LST8 is a component of both mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Herein, to examine the role of LST8, a common component of mTOR complexes, in the regulation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, first, we showed over-expression of LST8 in HepG2 to markedly enhance basal phosphorylation levels of not only p70 S6 kinase but also Akt. In contrast, LST8 knockdown by siRNA in HepG2 decreased phosphorylation levels of both p70 S6 kinase and Akt.

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Objective: A 28-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of rosiglitazone in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.

Research And Design Methods: 373 patients were randomized to rosiglitazone (4-8 mg/day), pioglitazone (15-45 mg/day) or placebo. Agents were titrated to maximum doses at fixed time points in a pre-defined manner.

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ApoE isoforms, treatment of diabetes and the risk of coronary heart disease.

World J Diabetes

March 2012

Hideki Ehara, Hiroji Kitazato, Shoji Kawazu, Yasuo Akanuma, the Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6, Nihonbashi-bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan.

Aim: To analyze the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving standard medical treatment.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart analysis of 269 middle-aged patients (age 45-64 years, mean age, 53.9 ± 5.

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Background: Although a high prevalence of macrovascular disease (MVD) has been reported in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD), few studies have reported its risk with respect to the underlying cause of kidney disease. This study investigated the prevalence of MVD in type 2 diabetic patients with CKD stratified by CKD stage, as defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as the risk factors for MVD.

Methods: 1493 patients with diabetic CKD (1273 males, 220 females) were stratified by CKD stage (stage 1: 39, stage 2: 272, stage 3: 1052, stage 4: 101, stage 5: 29) based on eGFR calculated by the Japanese formula and averaged over 8 months.

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Long-term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability was a risk factor for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) independent of the mean FPG or HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes. PDR development was also significantly associated with mean HbA1c more than 5 years earlier and with mean FPG more than 10 years earlier.

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Unlabelled: Aims/Introduction:  Reduced insulin sensitivity and secretion are important in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Their relationships to prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have been previously studied with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We investigated whether or not baseline measures of insulin secretion and sensitivity obtained from fasting blood specimens were related to the development of prediabetes and how these measures compared with those based on the OGTT.

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Aim: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin, a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as add-on to glimepiride in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were inadequately controlled.

Methods: This 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared vildagliptin 50mg twice-daily (n=102) with placebo (n=100) when added to a stable dose of glimepiride (>or=1mg/d).

Results: Treatment groups were balanced at baseline (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)], 7.

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Aims: This study aimed to determine whether fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability can predict diabetic retinopathy development and progression independently of glycemic control.

Methods: Subjects consisted of 170 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients not showing diabetic retinopathy on their first visit to our hospital between 1966 and 1979, and continuously visited thereafter for 27-40 (mean, 33) years. Plasma glucose and HbA1c data obtained on every hospital visit were collected.

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