Dissolved oxygen depletion in Chinese coastal waters.

Estuarine and coastal environments have experienced dissolved oxygen (DO hereafter) depression and hypoxia due to increasingly intensified anthropogenic eutrophication and climate warming. This review compared diverse systems in Chinese coastal waters that experience DO depletion or hypoxia, aiming to identify essential aspects in advancing the abilities in comprehensively understanding DO dynamics across systems that span wide ranges of physical and biogeochemical environments. The coastal DO depression and relevant ecological consequences around the world are generally overviewed.

Unraveling Microplastic Effects on Gut Microbiota across Various Animals Using Machine Learning.

Microplastics, rapidly expanding and durable pollutant, have been shown to significantly impact gut microbiota across a spectrum of animal species. However, comprehensive analyses comparing microplastic effects on gut microbiota among these species are still limited, and the critical factors driving these effects remain to be clarified. To address these issues, we compiled 1352 gut microbiota samples from six animal categories, employing machine learning to conduct an in-depth meta-analysis.

Network embedding: The bridge between water distribution network hydraulics and machine learning.

Machine learning has been increasingly used to solve management problems of water distribution networks (WDNs). A critical research gap, however, remains in the effective incorporation of WDN hydraulic characteristics in machine learning. Here we present a new water distribution network embedding (WDNE) method that transforms the hydraulic relationships of WDN topology into a vector form to be best suited for machine learning algorithms.

Bioactive electrospun polylactic acid/chlorogenic acid-modified chitosan bilayer sponge for acute infection wound healing and rapid coagulation.

Acute severe trauma is often associated with rapid blood loss and a high risk of infection. Based on these concerns, this study successfully constructed a multifunctional dual-layer bioactive sponge PCCT with rapid hemostatic and infection-preventing ability. Its external surface is an electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber thin film layer, which ensures its high air permeability and effectively protects against external bacterial invasion.

AI-driven system for non-contact continuous nocturnal blood pressure monitoring using fiber optic ballistocardiography.

Continuous monitoring of nocturnal blood pressure is crucial for hypertension management and cardiovascular risk assessment. However, current clinical methods are invasive and discomforting, posing challenges. These traditional techniques often disrupt sleep, impacting patient compliance and measurement accuracy.

Rapid, multiplex and automated detection of bacteria and fungi in endophthalmitis via a microfluidic real-time pcr system.

Background: Endophthalmitis is an ophthalmologic emergency requiring accurate and rapid diagnosis for treatment. Currently, the diagnosis commonly relies on culture and molecular biology, which falls short of clinical rapid diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a self-build Microfluidic Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) System for rapidly identifying potential pathogens of endophthalmitis.

Association between high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm among males and females aged 60 years and over.

Objective: Whether high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) has a protective role against abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development in both older males and females remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the sex-specific association between HDL-c and incident AAA in older adults from the UK Biobank.

Methods: This cohort study included 86,184 males and 95,682 females aged ≥60 years from the UK biobank.

Innovative Approaches to Fucoxanthin Delivery: Characterization and Bioavailability of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Eco-Friendly Ingredients and Enteric Coating.

Fucoxanthin (FN), a carotenoid derived from brown seaweed and algae, offers significant health benefits. However, its unique structure leads to challenges in stability and bioavailability. To overcome these issues, we successfully encapsulated fucoxanthin in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) utilizing health-safe materials, achieving remarkable results.

High External Quantum Efficiency and Ultra-Narrowband Organic Photodiodes Using Single-Component Photoabsorber With Multiple-Resonance Effect.

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) that utilize wavelength-selective absorbing molecules offer a direct approach to capturing specific wavelengths of light in multispectral sensors/imaging systems without filters. However, they exhibit broad response bandwidths, low external quantum efficiency (EQE), and often require compromises in two-component photoactive materials. Herein, the first utility of boron-nitrogen (BN) single-component photoabsorbers, leveraging a multi-resonance effect are introduced to attain OPDs with both record-high EQE of 33.

Muco-adhesive chitosan-coated polyphenol nanoparticle for treatment of infectious acute pneumonia through sustained pulmonary delivery of polymyxin B.

Infectious acute pneumonia caused by bacteria has been a great challenge to human health for long time, and the rapid clearance of aerosolized antibiotics in the lungs restricts their clinical application. The development of nanoformulations with facile preparation and mucoadhesive properties for the pulmonary delivery of antibiotics is thus significant for the treatment of infectious acute pneumonia. In this study, FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved tannic acid (TA) was used to construct mucoadhesive nanoformulations through the facile coating of chitosan (CS) to achieve long-lasting anti-infection effects against infectious acute pneumonia.

Dissecting the Roles of Electrostatic Interactions in Modulating the Folding Stability and Cooperativity of Engrailed Homeodomain.

Engrailed homeodomain (EngHD), a highly charged transcription factor regulating over 200 genes, is a fast-folding protein. Recent studies have shown that the abundant charged residues in EngHD not only facilitate protein-DNA interactions but also influence the conformational disorder of its native structure. However, the mechanisms by which electrostatic interactions modulate the folding of EngHD remain unclear.

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMPK-α signaling pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) originates from metabolic dysfunctions, is one of the most commonly encountered liver disorders worldwide, characterized by ectopic lipid deposition within hepatocytes, accompanied by hepatocellular injury and necroinflammation. Currently, NAFLD has very few treatment options. Purified from royal jelly, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) is the primary bioactive ingredient with a series of beneficial effects against various metabolic diseases.

Global air quality enhancement pathways to health benefits and environmental justice.

Nowadays, air pollution has emerged as a critical global health and environmental justice issue, with a stark contrast in exposure and management between high-, middle-, and low-income countries. This study synthesizes satellite-derived data with Global Burden of Disease insights, examining the spatiotemporal trends of PM and O exposures and their health impacts from 1998 to 2019. Despite a reversal in the global upward trend of PM exposure post-2011, O levels persist, highlighting a geographical disparity in health benefits due to air quality policies.

Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules through Top Interface Modification with N-type Semiconductors.

The interface modification between perovskite and electron transport layer (ETL) plays a crucial role in achieving high performance inverted perovskite photovoltaics (i-PPVs). Herein, non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), known as Y6-BO and Y7-BO, were utilized to modify the perovskite/ETL interface in i-PPVs. Non-polar solvent-soluble NFAs can effectively passivate surface defects without structural damage of the underlying perovskite films.

Evaluating long-term reductions in trace metal emissions from shipping in Shanghai.

Shipping emissions are a major contributor to air pollution in coastal cities, and Shanghai Port, the busiest port in the world, handles over 40 million TEU annually. To mitigate shipping emissions, China introduced the Domestic Emission Control Area (DECA) policy in phases: DECA 1.0 in 2016 and DECA 2.

Ultrasmall Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots with Robust Antioxidative Properties for Acute Kidney and Liver Injury Therapy.

Acute organ injuries, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute liver injury (ALI), usually present high morbidity and mortality in patients. However, the current clinical treatments remain limited, especially the lack of effective drug-based treatment. Since these acute injuries are often associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, it is a promising strategy to develop therapeutic agents with potent ROS scavenging ability and excellent biocompatibility for efficient antioxidation therapy.

Fluctuating Chromatin Facilitates Enhancer-Promoter Communication by Regulating Transcriptional Clustering Dynamics.

Enhancers regulate gene expression by forming contacts with distant promoters. Phase-separated condensates or clusters formed by transcription factors (TFs) and cofactors are thought to facilitate these enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions. Using polymer physics, we developed distinct coarse-grained chromatin models that produce similar ensemble-averaged Hi-C maps but with "stable" and "dynamic" characteristics.

Perovskite Thin-Film Transistors for Ultra-Low-Voltage Neuromorphic Visions.

Perovskite thin-film transistors (TFTs) simultaneously possessing exceptional carrier transport capabilities, nonvolatile memory effects, and photosensitivity have recently attracted attention in fields of both complementary circuits and neuromorphic computing. Despite continuous performance improvements through additive and composition engineering of the channel materials, the equally crucial dielectric/channel interfaces of perovskite TFTs have remained underexplored. Here, it is demonstrated that engineering the dielectric/channel interface in 2D tin perovskite TFTs not only enhances the performance and operational stability for their utilization in complementary circuits but also enables efficient synaptic behaviors (optical information sensing and storage) under an extremely low operating voltage of -1 mV at the same time.

Concurrently Probing the Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics of Living Cells via an Integrated Microdevice.

The mechanical and electrical properties of cells serve as critical indicators of their physiological and pathological state. Currently, distinct setups are required to measure the electrical and mechanical responses of cells. In addition, most existing methods such as optical trapping (OT) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are labor-intensive, expensive, and low-throughput.

FetusMapV2: Enhanced fetal pose estimation in 3D ultrasound.

Fetal pose estimation in 3D ultrasound (US) involves identifying a set of associated fetal anatomical landmarks. Its primary objective is to provide comprehensive information about the fetus through landmark connections, thus benefiting various critical applications, such as biometric measurements, plane localization, and fetal movement monitoring. However, accurately estimating the 3D fetal pose in US volume has several challenges, including poor image quality, limited GPU memory for tackling high dimensional data, symmetrical or ambiguous anatomical structures, and considerable variations in fetal poses.