Perceptions, careseeking, and experiences pertaining to non-cephalic births in rural Sarlahi District, Nepal: a qualitative study.

Background: In low-resource settings, a significant proportion of fetal, neonatal, and maternal deaths can be attributed to intrapartum-related complications. Certain risk factors, such as non-cephalic presentation, have a particularly high risk of complications. This qualitative study describes experiences around non-cephalic births and highlights existing perceptions and care-seeking behavior specific to non-cephalic presentation in rural Sarlahi District, Nepal.

The Cost of Cost-Sharing: The Impact of Medicaid Benefit Design on Influenza Vaccination Uptake.

Prior research indicates that cost-sharing and lack of insurance coverage reduce preventive services use among low-income persons. State Medicaid policy may affect the uptake of recommended adult vaccinations. We examined the impact of three aspects of Medicaid benefit design (coverage for vaccines, prohibiting cost-sharing, and copayment amounts) on vaccine uptake in the fee-for-service Medicaid population 19-64 years old.

A clinical score to predict dose reductions of antidiabetes medications with intentional weight loss: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: We assessed the predictive accuracy of an empirically-derived score (weight loss, insulin resistance, and glycemic control: "WIG") to predict patients who will be successful in reducing diabetes mellitus (DM) medication use with weight loss.

Methods: Case records of 121 overweight and obese patients with DM at two outpatient weight management centers were analyzed.

Results: Mean period of follow-up was 12.

Schools of public health in low and middle-income countries: an imperative investment for improving the health of populations?

Background: Public health has multicultural origins. By the close of the nineteenth century, Schools of Public Health (SPHs) began to emerge in western countries in response to major contemporary public health challenges. The Flexner Report (1910) emphasized the centrality of preventive medicine, sanitation, and public health measures in health professional education.

Racial and ethnic differences in patient navigation: Results from the Patient Navigation Research Program.

Background: Patient navigation was developed to address barriers to timely care and reduce cancer disparities. The current study explored navigation and racial and ethnic differences in time to the diagnostic resolution of a cancer screening abnormality.

Methods: The authors conducted an analysis of the multisite Patient Navigation Research Program.

Challenges in Intervention Research for Lesbian and Bisexual Women.

Purpose: More than one-third of U.S. adults are obese, the highest prevalence occurring among women age 60 and older (42.

The Association Between Weight Status and Pediatric Forearm Fractures Resulting From Ground-Level Falls.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the hypothesis that pediatric forearm fractures resulting from ground-level falls are associated with increased weight status (weight for age/sex percentile ≥ 95th) in comparison with those resulting from major trauma.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study nested within a case series of 929 children, ages 0 to 17 years, with self-identified residence in Washington, DC, who were treated for isolated forearm fractures in an urban, academic pediatric emergency department between 2003 and 2006. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to test for the association of weight status with mechanism of injury while controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, bone fractured, and season.

Serum Antioxidants Are Associated with Serum Reproductive Hormones and Ovulation among Healthy Women.

Background: Evidence is growing that the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants plays a vital role in women's reproductive health.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in serum antioxidant concentrations across the menstrual cycle and associations between antioxidants and reproductive hormones and anovulation among healthy women.

Methods: The BioCycle Study, a prospective cohort, followed 259 women aged 18-44 y for up to 2 menstrual cycles.

Behavioral and neuroimaging evidence for impaired executive function in "cognitively normal" older HIV-infected adults.

The increased prevalence of HIV among adults >50 years underscores the importance of improving our understanding of mechanisms causing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Identifying novel and noninvasive diagnostic predictors of HAND prior to clinical manifestation is critical to ultimately identifying means of preventing progression to symptomatic HAND. Here, using a task-switching paradigm, in which subjects were cued (unpredictably) to perform a face-gender or a word-semantic task on superimposed face and word images, we examined the behavioral and neural profile of impaired cognitive control in older HIV + adults (N = 14, 9 HIV+).

Profiling miRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma FFPE tissue by microarray and Next Generation Sequencing.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a non-lymphomatous, squamous-cell carcinoma that occurs in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a geographically well-defined distribution worldwide, with the highest prevalence in China, Southeast Asia, and Northern Africa. Symptoms of nascent NPC may be unapparent or trivial, with diagnosis based on the histopathology of biopsied tissue following endoscopy of the nasopharynx.

Sexual Networks and HIV Risk among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in 6 U.S. Cities.

Background: Sexual networks may place U.S. Black men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased HIV risk.

Characteristics of Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery in the United States Medicare Population.

Purpose: Endophthalmitis is a rare but sight-threatening infection after cataract surgery. Roughly one third of eyes remain blind after treatment. We report United States population-based data on microbiological investigations and treatment patterns plus risk factors for poor outcomes.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Text Messaging Program for Smoking Cessation in Israel.

Text messaging programs on mobile phones have been shown to promote smoking cessation. This study investigated whether a text-messaging program for smoking cessation, adapted from QuitNowTXT, is feasible in Israel and acceptable to Israeli smokers. Participants (N = 38) were given a baseline assessment, enrolled in the adapted text messaging program, and followed-up with at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after their quit date.

Characterizing occupational heat-related mortality in the United States, 2000-2010: an analysis using the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries database.

Background: Occupational heat-related mortality is not well studied and risk factors remain largely unknown. This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of heat-related deaths among workers in the US 2000-2010.

Methods: Fatality data were obtained at the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the confidential on-site Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries database.

Reducing hospital readmissions among medicaid patients: a review of the literature.

Reducing hospital readmissions is a key approach to curbing health care costs and improving quality and patient experience in the United States. Despite the proliferation of strategies and tools to reduce readmissions in the general population and among Medicare beneficiaries, few resources exist to inform initiatives to reduce readmissions among Medicaid beneficiaries. Patients covered by Medicaid also experience readmissions and are likely to experience distinct challenges related to socioeconomic status.

Infrequent HIV testing and late HIV diagnosis are common among a cohort of black men who have sex with men in 6 US cities.

Objective: US guidelines recommend at least annual HIV testing for those at risk. This analysis assessed frequency and correlates of infrequent HIV testing and late diagnosis among black men who have sex with men (BMSM).

Methods: HIV testing history was collected at enrollment from participants in HPTN 061, an HIV prevention trial for at-risk US BMSM.

National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010.

Background: National estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age (term-SGA and preterm-SGA), and the relation to low birthweight (<2500 g), in 138 countries of low and middle income in 2010.

Methods: Small for gestational age was defined as lower than the 10th centile for fetal growth from the 1991 US national reference population.

Association between district-level perceived safety and self-rated health: a multilevel study in Seoul, South Korea.

Objectives: Several studies have reported the relationship between residents' perceived neighbourhood safety and their health outcomes. However, those studies suffered from unreliability of neighbourhood safety measure and potential residual confounding related to crime rates. In this study, using multilevel analysis to account for the hierarchical structure of the data, we examined associations between district-level perceived safety and self-rated health after adjusting for potential confounders including the district-level crime rate.

The relationship between female genital cutting and women's autonomy in Eritrea.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between women's autonomy and attitudes toward female genital cutting (FGC) and having a daughter with FGC in Eritrea.

Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 8754 women aged between 15 and 49 years from the 2002 Eritrea Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of the practice of and attitudes toward FGC, including women's autonomy.

Impact of patient navigation on timely cancer care: the Patient Navigation Research Program.

Background: Patient navigation is a promising intervention to address cancer disparities but requires a multisite controlled trial to assess its effectiveness.

Methods: The Patient Navigation Research Program compared patient navigation with usual care on time to diagnosis or treatment for participants with breast, cervical, colorectal, or prostate screening abnormalities and/or cancers between 2007 and 2010. Patient navigators developed individualized strategies to address barriers to care, with the focus on preventing delays in care.

A single bout of resistance exercise does not promote excess postexercise energy expenditure in untrained young men with a family history of diabetes.

Background: People with a family history of type 2 diabetes have lower energy expenditure (EE) and more obesity than those having no such family history. Resistance exercise (RE) may induce excess postexercise energy expenditure (EPEE) and reduce long-term risk for obesity in this susceptible group.

Purpose: To determine the effect of RE on EPEE for 15 hr after a single exercise bout in healthy, untrained young men having a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Do medical school mission statements align with the nation's health care needs?

Problem: To quantify the relative prevalence of traditional (education, research, service) and emerging (prevention, diversity, primary care, distribution, cost control) themes in medical school mission statements.

Approach: In 2011, the authors obtained and analyzed the mission statements from 136 MD-granting and 34 DO-granting medical schools. They read each for the presence of traditional and emerging themes and then compared the mission statements by category of school (MD-granting versus DO-granting, level of National Institutes of Health funding, public versus private, date of initial accreditation [before or during/after 2000], and community-based versus non-community-based).