Biological analysis of the potential pathogenic mechanisms of Infectious COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a medical condition characterized by the immune system of the body attacking the peripheral nerves, including those in the spinal nerve roots, peripheral nerves, and cranial nerves. It can cause limb weakness, abnormal sensations, and facial nerve paralysis. Some studies have reported clinical cases associated with the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and GBS, but how COVID-19 affects GBS is unclear.

Neuro-protective effects of n-butylphthalide on carbon monoxide poisoning rats by modulating IL-2, AKT and BCL-2.

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (CO-poisoning) causes neurotoxicity by inducing necrosis, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a synthetic compound originally extracted from the seeds of Chinese celery and based on pure l-3-n-butylphthalide. In ischemia/reperfusion, it exerts neuroprotective effects through its anti-apoptotic, anti-necrotic and antioxidant properties, and activation of pro-survival pathways.

The High Value of External Anal- and Urethral-Sphincter Electromyography in Differential Diagnosis with MSA-P, PD, and PSP.

Objective: It is a challenge to differentiate multiple system atrophy parkinsonism (MSA-P), Parkinson's disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We aimed to explore the value of external anal-sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) and urethral-sphincter electromyography (US-EMG) in differential diagnosis with MSA-P, PD, and PSP.

Methods: A total of 149 subjects, including 27 MSA-P, 100 PD, and 22 PSP, were recruited.

Association between healthy lifestyle and memory decline in older adults: 10 year, population based, prospective cohort study.

Objective: To identify an optimal lifestyle profile to protect against memory loss in older individuals.

Design: Population based, prospective cohort study.

Setting: Participants from areas representative of the north, south, and west of China.

[Retracted] Knockdown of ADAM10 inhibits migration and invasion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Following the publication of this paper, an interested reader noted that certain of the western blotting assay data shown in Fig. 4 were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published elsewhere, or were already under consideration for publication, prior to its submission to , the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal.

Higher levels of C-reactive protein in the acute phase of stroke indicate an increased risk for post-stroke depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Investigations have revealed the association between inflammation and post-stroke depression (PSD). However, whether the C-reactive protein (CRP) level, a biomarker of inflammation, would affect the development of PSD is still controversial.

Methods: A systematic search of databases was performed for eligible studies.

RNF34 ablation promotes cerebrovascular remodeling and hypertension by increasing NADPH-derived ROS generation.

Cerebrovascular remodeling is the most common cause of hypertension and stroke. Ubiquitin E3 ligase RING finger protein 34 (RNF34) is suggested to be associated with the development of multiple neurological diseases. However, the importance of RNF34 in cerebrovascular remodeling and hypertension is poorly understood.

The APOE ε4 exerts differential effects on familial and other subtypes of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The genetic risk effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) with or without gene mutations, sporadic AD (SAD), and normal controls (NC) remain unclear in the Chinese population.

Methods: In total, 15 119 subjects, including 311 FAD patients without PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, TREM2, and SORL1 pathogenic mutations (FAD [unknown]); 126 FAD patients with PSENs/APP mutations (FAD [PSENs/APP]); 7234 SAD patients; and 7448 NC were enrolled. The risk effects of APOE ε4 were analyzed across groups.

ClC-3 induction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through promoting Beclin1/Vps34-mediated autophagy.

Acute ischemic stroke is a devastating disease with very limited therapeutics. Growing appreciation of dysregulated autophagy contributes to the progression of brain ischemic injury, making it to be an appealing intervention target. In terms of its well-characterized consequences, the signal molecules required for autophagy activation are rather poorly defined.

A Case With IgG4-Related Spinal Pachymeningitis Causing Spinal Cord Compression.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a systemic disease characterized by sclerosing lesions and an increased serum IgG4 level. This condition can involve any organ, but IgG4-related spinal pachymeningitis is relatively rare. In the current study, we report a case of spinal cord compression caused by IgG4-related spinal pachymeningitis.

LncRNA MIR4435-2HG potentiates the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells via modulating miR-1224-5p/TGFBR2 axis.

Glioblastoma (GBM) belongs to the high-grade (IV) gliomas with extremely poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence uncovered the key roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GBM development. This study aimed to determine the biological actions and the clinical relevance of lncRNA MIR4435-2 Host Gene (MIR4435-2HG) in GBM.

Short-Term Efficacy and Tolerability of Paroxetine Versus Placebo for Panic Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To explore the short-term efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder in adults.

Methods: Multiple electronic databases were searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on paroxetine and panic disorder. The primary efficacy outcomes were: the mean change compared to the baseline in the total number of full panic attacks, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score, and the proportion of participants with zero full panic attacks and with a 50% or greater reduction in the number of full panic attacks.

Efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in adults with social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The present study aimed to estimate the comprehensive efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine in adult patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The efficacy outcome was the mean change of different kinds of scale scores as well as response and remission rates.

Ligustrazine prevents basilar artery remodeling in two-kidney-two-clip renovascular hypertension rats via suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling.

Objective: In the present study, we used a two-kidney-two-clip (2k2c) stroke-prone renovascular hypertension rat model (RHRSP) to investigate the protective effects of ligustrazine (TMP) on cerebral arteries and to examine PI3K/Akt pathway behavior under this protection.

Methods: The cerebral artery remodeling was induced by 2k2c-induced renovascular hypertension. Brain basilar artery tissues were isolated and their histological changes were detected through H&E and EVG staining, α-SMA IHC staining, and transmission electron microscopy at four, eight, and twelve weeks after 2k2c surgery, both with and without TMP treatment.

The long non-coding RNA, urothelial carcinoma associated 1, promotes cell growth, invasion, migration, and chemo-resistance in glioma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

The long non-coding RNA, urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) has been demonstrated to play important roles in various types of cancers. This study investigated the functional role of UCA1 in glioma and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. UCA1 was found to be highly up-regulated in glioma cells, and knock-down of UCA1 inhibited cell growth, invasion and migration, and also induced apoptosis in glioma cells.

Dementia in China: epidemiology, clinical management, and research advances.

China has the largest population of patients with dementia in the world, imposing a heavy burden on the public and health care systems. More than 100 epidemiological studies on dementia have been done in China, but the estimates of the prevalence and incidence remain inconsistent because of the use of different sampling methods. Despite improved access to health services, inadequate diagnosis and management for dementia is still common, particularly in rural areas.

Prevalence and geographical variation of Factor V Leiden in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis: A meta-analysis.

Background: Previous results regarding the prevalence of Factor V Leiden (FVL) in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) varied remarkably. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the potential association between FVL and CVT.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched for relevant case-control studies.

Efficacy and tolerability of fluvoxamine in adults with social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis.

Background: No meta-analysis for estimating the comprehensive efficacy and tolerability of fluvoxamine in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been published.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of fluvoxamine in adults with SAD, trials meeting the following criteria were identified: population: ≥18 years of age with a diagnosis of SAD; intervention: fluvoxamine; study design: placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs); outcomes: efficacy and tolerability outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

Efficacy and tolerability of short-term duloxetine treatment in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine during short-term treatment in adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials databases for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing duloxetine or duloxetine plus other antipsychotics with placebo for the treatment of GAD in adults. Outcome measures were (1) efficacy, assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) anxiety subscale score, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A) psychic and somatic anxiety factor scores, and response and remission rates based on total scores of HAM-A; (2) tolerability, assessed by discontinuation rate due to adverse events, the incidence of treatment emergent adverse events(TEAEs) and serious adverse events(SAEs).

The cost of Alzheimer's disease in China and re-estimation of costs worldwide.

Introduction: The socioeconomic costs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China and its impact on global economic burden remain uncertain.

Methods: We collected data from 3098 patients with AD in 81 representative centers across China and estimated AD costs for individual patient and total patients in China in 2015. Based on this data, we re-estimated the worldwide costs of AD.

Vascular spinal cord obstruction associated with superior vena cava syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is the obstruction of blood flow through the SVC, causing complete or partial blockade of the collateral circulation of returning venous blood. SVCS is frequently presented with facial, neck, trunk, and upper limbs swelling and so on. However, to the best of our knowledge, the obstruction of the venous return in the spinal veins is rarely a manifestation of SVCS.

A case of hereditary thrombophilia in a Chinese Han patient with both antithrombin deficiency and Factor V Leiden: A case report and literature review.

Hereditary thrombophilia is a blood coagulation disorder that increases the risk of venous thromboembolism, due to several genetic risk factors. Factor V Leiden(FVL) is the most common contributing factor to thrombophilia in the Caucasian population but very rare in Asian population and concurrent occurrence of antithrombin(AT) deficiency and FVL in Chinese Han population is even more rare. We report the case of a 22-year-old female who experienced recurrent intracranial venous thromboses, furthermore, color Doppler ultrasound showed multiple extracranial thromboses.

Short-term efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release in adults with generalized anxiety disorder without depression: A meta-analysis.

Background: Although efficacy of venlafaxine extended release (XR) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been reported in previous analyses in 2002 and 2004, the sample size was rather small and estimate of safety or tolerability was not clear. The present analysis had the advantage of large sample size and provided evidence for tolerability.

Methods: Literature databases were searched, including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of science and clinical trials.

Dystrophia myotonica type 1 presenting with dysarthria: A case report and literature review.

Dystrophia myotonica (DM) type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by a trinucleotide CTG repeat expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase () gene (chromosome 19q13.3). The disorder affects different organ systems, including the skeletal muscles, ocular lens, lungs, heart and gastrointestinal tract, as well as the endocrine and central nervous systems.

Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Epileptic Medications for Partial Seizures of Epilepsy: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Epilepsy is a brain and neurological disorder with high prevalence. It was reported that more than 70% of epileptic seizures were controlled by anti-epileptic medications, whereas the lack of evidence with respect to head-to-head comparisons motivated researchers to seek alternative approaches that are able to provide deep insights into the profile of anti-epileptic medications. In this study, we performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-epileptic medications for partial seizures of epilepsy.