Early identification of potentially reversible cancer cachexia using explainable machine learning driven by body weight dynamics: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Cachexia is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in cancer. However, clinical decision-making for oncology patients at the cachexia stage presents significant challenges.

Objective: This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML) model to identify potentially reversible cancer cachexia (PRCC).

Claudin 18.2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate CMG901 in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KYM901): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 trial.

Background: CMG901 is a novel first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate with a humanised anticlaudin 18.2 antibody linked to microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E. We aimed to assess the antitumour activity and safety of CMG901 in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer and other solid tumours.

Environmental noise exposure and autoimmune diseases: Evidence from a national cohort study.

Exposure to environmental noise is an inevitable factor and may pose a risk to health conditions, even potentially affecting the immune system. However, the relationship between noise exposure and autoimmune diseases has not been well explored. This study aimed to investigate whether noise exposure is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases in South Korea.

GelMA@APPA microspheres promote chondrocyte regeneration and alleviate osteoarthritis via Fgfr2 activation.

Background: In the context of osteoarthritis (OA), a condition marked by joint degeneration, there is a notable absence of efficacious approaches to promote regenerative healing in chondrocytes. Novel therapeutic strategies like nanomicelles-hydrogel microspheres loaded with Astragalus polysaccharide (GelMA@APPA) offer promising avenues for promoting chondrocyte regeneration and mitigating OA progression.

Methods: Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been shown to induce chondrocyte proliferation and promote cartilage matrix secretion, demonstrating biological activity associated with chondrocyte regeneration.

Relationship between Age-Related Hearing Loss and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Background: With the aging of the population, the deterioration of visual and auditory functions amongst the elderly has attracted much attention. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are common eye and ear diseases that seriously affect the quality of life of elderly population.

Methods: This study utilised a whole cohort sampling method, with a total of 713 participants aged 50 years and older in the community from June 2022 to October 2023, resulting in the inclusion of 620 participants.

Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression to identify tumor suppressor genes reactivated by MLN4924 in acute myeloid leukemia.

This study investigated whether the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 induces aberrant DNA methylation patterns in acute myeloid leukemia and contributes to the reactivation of tumor suppressor genes. DNA methylation profiles of Kasumi-1 and KU812 acute myeloid leukemia cell lines before and after MLN4924 treatment were generated using the 850K Methylation BeadChip. RNA sequencing was used to obtain transcriptomic profiles of Kasumi-1 cells.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal heterogeneity characteristics and specific cell subtype regulators in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas.

Background: Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas (GHPA) display diverse biological behaviors and clinical outcomes, necessitating the identification of tumor heterogeneity and prognostically relevant markers.

Methods: In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 10 GHPA samples, four of which also underwent spatial transcriptome sequencing, and used scRNA-seq data from four normal pituitary samples as controls. Cell subtype characterization in GHPA was analyzed using multiple algorithms to identify malignant bias regulators, which were then validated using a clinical cohort.

The Effect of Expressive Writing on the Experiences of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Expressive writing (EW) has emerged as an innovative strategy for improving mood and quality of life. Nevertheless, insufficient research has been conducted on the impact of offering EW to patients with HNC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two forms of EW on anxiety, depression, nutrition, and sleep quality in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma to cuproptosis: a bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification.

Targeting cuproptosis is considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of tumors. However, the potential role of cuproptosis and its related genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains elusive. The present study aims to explore the sensitivity of ccRCC to cuproptosis and its underlying mechanism.

Novel antibiotics against without detectable resistance by targeting proton motive force and FtsH.

The increased prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and its biofilms poses a great threat to human health. Especially, -related osteomyelitis was hardly cured even by conventional antibiotics combined with surgical treatment. The development of novel structural antibiotics is urgently needed.

[Research progress on molecular mechanism related to skeletal muscle atrophy].

The maintenance of skeletal muscle quality involves various signal pathways that interact with each other. Under normal physiological conditions, these intersecting signal pathways regulate and coordinate the hypertrophy and atrophy of skeletal muscles, balancing the protein synthesis and degradation of muscle. When the total rate of protein synthesis exceeds that of protein degradation, the muscle gradually becomes enlarged, while when the total rate of protein synthesis is lower than that of protein degradation, the muscle shrinks.

Relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in stroke survivors: a cross-sectional study of 1,140 individuals.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in stroke survivors.

Design: A cross-sectional study utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 data, employing propensity score matching to control for confounders.

Patients: 1,140 stroke survivors from NHANES, assessing depressive symptoms through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) conducted via family interview or a mobile examination centre examination.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the simple Chinese version of the medication adherence reasons scale in patients undergoing adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer.

Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) is essential for improving survival and reducing mortality and recurrence rates in breast cancer (BrCa) patients. However, the adherence to AET among BrCa patients is poor, and there is no scale to measure adherence to AET or the reasons for non-adherence among BrCa patients in mainland China. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the simple Chinese version of the Medication Adherence Reasons (MAR) scale in BrCa patients undergoing AET.

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 knockdown slows Huntington's disease progression via regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage depending on PTEN-mediated AKT pathway.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage are major sign of cytopathology in Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease. Ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 (USP11) is a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in various physiological processes through regulating protein degradation. However, its specific role in HD is unclear.

Role of T cell metabolism in brain tumor development: a genetic and metabolic approach.

Background: Malignant brain tumors are among the most lethal cancers. Recent studies emphasized the crucial involvement of the immune system, especially T cells, in driving tumor progression and influencing patient outcomes. The emerging field of immunometabolism has shown that metabolic pathways play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.

Alterations in cerebral perfusion and corresponding brain functional networks in systemic lupus erythematosus with cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment (CI) frequently occurs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may result from neuroinflammation processes and neurovascular changes in the brain. The cerebral hemodynamics underlying SLE with CI (SLE-CI) remain unclear. 97 patients with SLE and 51 heathy controls (HCs) matched for age and gender underwent MRI.

Morphometric analysis of the C1-2 zygapophysial joint in atlantoaxial dislocation patients with sandwich fusion of the craniovertebral junction.

The combination of congenital C1 occipitalization and C2-3 non-segmentation (i.e. "sandwich fusion") results in early development of atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD).

Network pharmacological mechanism and molecular experimental validation of artemisinin in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung cancer is a medical ailment with high mortality and prevalence rates. Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives exhibit anti-cancer properties against various malignancies, including lung cancer. However, further research is required to determine the precise anti-cancer mechanisms of ART.

Mapping theme trends and recognizing hot spots in acute spinal cord injury:a bibliometric analysis.

Background: Acute spinal cord injury causes severe motor and sensory dysfunction, significantly burdening individuals and society. This study uses bibliometric analysis to identify research trends and key areas, providing insights for future advancements in treatment.

Methods: Scientific publications on acute spinal cord injury were collected from PubMed and the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 2000 and 2022.

Effects of expressive writing of positive emotions on mental health among patients with ovarian cancer undergoing postoperative chemotherapy.

Purpose: Patients with ovarian cancer often experience significant psychological distress during postoperative chemotherapy, including anxiety and depression. Expressive writing of positive emotions has shown potential in improving psychological health and fostering post-traumatic growth (PTG) in cancer patients. However, its application to ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy remains under-explored.

A case of acquired syphilis in an infant through mouth-to-mouth transmission of prechewed food.

Background: Patients with syphilis are the only source of infection, which can be transmitted through sexual contact and mother-to-child and blood transmission, and rarely through contaminants. The clinical manifestations of syphilis are complex and variable, and can be easily misdiagnosed. This article reports a case of syphilis in a child with "psoriasis"-like lesions who was fed pre-chewed food.

Association of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio with cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study based on dose-response analysis.

Objective: We investigated the relationship between lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) and common imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).

Methods: Data from 835 CSVD patients were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine CSVD-associated factors. Multivariate models assessed the association between LCR and CSVD, including common imaging markers.

How do immune cells shape type 1 diabetes? Insights from Mendelian randomization.

Objective: The role of immune cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal effect of different immune cells on T1D using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: A dataset of immune cell phenotypes (numbered from GCST0001391 to GCST0002121) was obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute, while a T1D dataset (numbered finngen_R10_T1D) was obtained from FinnGen.

The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a predictive indicator of CKD risk in NAFLD patients: NHANES 2017-2020.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both closely related to dyslipidemia. However, the relationship between dyslipidemia in patients with NAFLD and CKD is not yet clear. The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is an innovative and comprehensive lipid index.