Research Progress of Regulatory Cell Death in Coronary Microembolization.

Coronary microembolization (CME) is defined as atherosclerotic plaque erosion, spontaneous rupture, or rupture of the plaque while undergoing interventional therapy resulting in the formation of tiny emboli that obstruct the coronary microcirculatory system. For percutaneous coronary intervention, CME is a major complication, with a periprocedural incidence of up to 25%. Recent studies have demonstrated that regulatory cell death (RCD) exerts a profound influence on CME through its modulation of inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell death, and angiogenesis.

O-GlcNAcylation dictates pyroptosis.

O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involving the attachment of N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues. This review emphasizes its role in regulating the signaling pathways of pyroptosis. Specifically, the O-GlcNAcylation of GSDMD is linked to the modulation of pyroptosis, suggesting that enhancing O-GlcNAcylation of GSDMD could be crucial for improving hypoperfusion in sepsis.

Dissociated response and treatment outcome with immune checkpoint blockade in advanced cancer.

Immune-related dissociated response (DR) has been recently recognized and have become a subject of ongoing interest. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, treatment outcome, and predictors of DR in cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors. We retrospectively collected clinicopathological data from a cohort of patients with cancer who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based monotherapy or combination therapy at a single institution (developing cohort).

Noninvasive assessment of hepatic steatosis grades by ultrasound derived fat fraction in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease.

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) and clinical prediction models in assessing hepatic steatosis grades in MASLD patients, with liver biopsy as reference standard.A total of 85 obese patients who were found to have fatty liver by B-mode ultrasound and underwent UDFF measurement, with liver biopsy available, were enrolled. The diagnostic performance of UDFF, clinical prediction models including fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), ZheJiang University index (ZJU index) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) for hepatic steatosis was assessed.

Fuzhisan ameliorates cognitive ability in Alzheimer's disease by p62 and related autophagy regulatory pathways.

Background: Maintaining autophagic homeostasis has been proved to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease.

Object: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Fuzhisan(FZS) on autophagic function in Alzheimer's disease and to elucidate its potential mechanism through the P62 regulatory pathways.

Methods: FZS was extracted by water extraction-rotary evaporation method.

Case Report: Loeffler endocarditis as a cause of left ventricular thrombosis in young women: a case study and literature review.

It is unusual for young patients without any underlying diseases to experience sudden cerebral infarction and heart failure. Here, we report a rare case of a 28-year-old female patient who presented with chest tightness and dizziness. Left ventricular thrombus formation and cardiac insufficiency were evident on echocardiogram, while multiple acute or subacute cerebral infarctions were visible on brain magnetic resonance imaging.

Analysis of Factors Related to Throat Soreness After Painless Gastroscopy: A Single-Center Study.

Introduction: Throat soreness is a frequently encountered yet often underappreciated complication in patients undergoing gastroscopy. Few studies have explicitly explored the relationship between gastroscopy and throat soreness. This study aimed to review demographic data, summarize the characteristics, and investigate the influencing factors of throat soreness following gastroscopy.

Initial investigation into patellofemoral morphology in hemophilic arthritis patients.

Background: Hemophilic arthritis (HA) is associated with significant changes in the morphology of mature knee joints due to abnormal growth plate development. Previous studies have established marked distinctions between the femur and tibia of subjects with Haemophilia and those with osteoarthritis (OA). This study explored the morphological characteristics of the patella and patellofemoral joint in subjects with Haemophilia.

Deep learning radiomics on grayscale ultrasound images assists in diagnosing benign and malignant of BI-RADS 4 lesions.

This study aimed to explore a deep learning radiomics (DLR) model based on grayscale ultrasound images to assist radiologists in distinguishing between benign breast lesions (BBL) and malignant breast lesions (MBL). A total of 382 patients with breast lesions were included, comprising 183 benign lesions and 199 malignant lesions that were collected and confirmed through clinical pathology or biopsy. The enrolled patients were randomly allocated into two groups: a training cohort and an independent test cohort, maintaining a ratio of 7:3.

Effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine on recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients with general anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There is controversy surrounding the influence of dexmedetomidine on the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients under general anesthesia. The main purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine administration during the perioperative period on the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients under general anesthesia.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis was performed to identify randomized controlled trials comparing dexmedetomidine administration with placebo for the recovery of gastrointestinal function.

Translation, Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Confidence in Dementia Scale for Clinical Nursing: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: To translate the 9-item Confidence in Dementia (CODE) scale into Chinese (Confidence in Dementia-Chinese, CODE-C) and evaluate its psychometric properties among clinical nurses.

Background: With the rapidly ageing population, an increasing number of patients with dementia will be cared for in hospitals. Clinical nurses' confidence in dementia care is crucial to provide quality care.

Therapeutic potential of microglial SMEK1 in regulating H3K9 lactylation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) triggers immune responses and neuroinflammation, contributing to brain injury. Histone lactylation, a metabolic stress-related histone modification, plays a critical role in various diseases, but its involvement in cerebral ischemia remains unclear. This study utilized a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model to investigate the role of microglial histone lactylation in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Nervonic acid alleviates radiation-induced early phase lung inflammation by targeting macrophages activation in mice.

Background: Patients receiving chest radiation therapy, or exposed to high radiation levels due to accidental nuclear leakage are at risk of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). In innate immunity, macrophages not only exhibit certain radiation tolerance but also play an important regulatory role in the whole pathological process. Nervonic acid (NA), a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid found in nerve tissue, plays a pivotal role in maintaining normal tissue growth and repair.

Integration of bulk/scRNA-seq and multiple machine learning algorithms identifies PIM1 as a biomarker associated with cuproptosis and ferroptosis in abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious life-threatening vascular disease, and its ferroptosis/cuproptosis markers have not yet been characterized. This study was aiming to identify markers associated with ferroptosis/cuproptosis in AAA by bioinformatics analysis combined with machine learning models and to perform experimental validation.

Methods: This study used three scRNA-seq datasets from different mouse models and a human PBMC bulk RNA-seq dataset.

Effects of smoking cessation on individuals with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Despite smoking being a significant risk factor in the occurrence and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), no comprehensive analysis has been conducted to determine the potential benefits of smoking cessation for patients with established COPD or identify specific indicators that may be improved. The aim of our meta-analysis was to elucidate the positive impact of smoking cessation on COPD.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP databases to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria from inception up to 1, May 2024.

Review of clinical and imaging findings in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy to aid in early diagnosis.

Objective: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a novel steroid sensitive autoimmune disease, without a diagnostic consensus. The purpose of this study was to improve early GFAP-A diagnosis by increasing awareness of key clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations.

Methods: Medical records of 13 patients with anti-GFAP antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were reviewed for cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Risk factor screening and prediction modeling of gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by GLP-1RAs.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the risk factors for gastrointestinal side effects (GISEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) based on real-world data and to develop a prediction model for GLP-1RA-related GISEs.

Methods: A total of 855 patients who attended the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2020 to May 2023 were selected as the study participants, who were divided into the training set (598 cases) and the validation set (297 cases) using a simple random sampling method at a ratio of 7:3. The general information and biochemical indicators of the participants were collected to assess the risk factors for GLP-1RA-related GISEs, and multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the best predictors.

Identification of targets and comparative study of administration methods for the lipid-lowering effects of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica.

The lipid-lowering activity of fucoidan has been widely reported, but the exploration of its mechanisms is relatively limited, and studies on its direct targets are even scarcer. Additionally, it is unclear whether different administration methods affect the lipid-lowering activity of fucoidan. In current study, we used fucoidan derived from Saccharina japonica (SJF) to investigate its targets.

The impact of glucose metabolism on inflammatory processes in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent and critical complication of sepsis, marked by high incidence and mortality rates, with its pathogenesis still not being fully elucidated. Recent research has revealed a significant correlation between the metabolic reprogramming of glucose and sepsis-associated ALI (S-ALI). Throughout the course of S-ALI, immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, undergo metabolic shifts to accommodate the intricate demands of immune function that emerge as sepsis advances.

Regulation of macrophage polarization and pyroptosis by 4-methylcatechol alleviates collagen-induced arthritis via Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to joint deformity and ultimately disability. The metabolite of quercetin, 4-Methylcatechol (4-MC), has been acknowledged for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the protective effects of 4-MC on RA and its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. In a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, we observed that 4-MC effectively mitigated joint inflammation and bone destruction in CIA mice.

Image quality assessment of artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction for low dose unenhanced abdomen: comparison with hybrid iterative reconstruction.

Objectives: To assess the impact of artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction algorithms (AIIR) on image quality with phantom and clinical studies.

Methods: The phantom images were reconstructed with the hybrid iterative algorithm (HIR: Karl 3D-3, 5, 7, 9) and AIIR (grades 1-5) algorithm. Noise power spectra (NPS), task transfer functions (TTF) were measured, and additionally sharpness was assessed using a "blur metric" procedure.

Conservative treatments for women with stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of various conservative treatment strategies for women with stress urinary incontinence.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from their inception through March 2024, without restrictions on language or location. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of conservative treatments for stress urinary incontinence, using short-term pad test or the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) score as outcome measures, were included.

Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Recent phase III randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve prognosis in advanced HER-2-negative gastric cancer patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) higher than 5. However, these findings are not confirmed in real-world settings, and the benefits in PD-L1 CPS < 5 patients remain controversial.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, data from across thirteen medical centers were analyzed by inverse probability of treatment weighting for matching, alongside univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard regression models.

Biomimetic astrocyte cell membrane-fused nanovesicles for protecting neurovascular units in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) refers to neonatal hypoxic brain injury caused by severe asphyxia during the perinatal period. With a high incidence rate and poor prognosis, HIE accounts for 2.4% of the global disease burden, imposing a heavy burden on families and society.

Vessel wall MRI evaluation for the safety of endovascular recanalization of non-acute intracranial anterior circulation artery occlusions.

Background: Vessel wall MRI (VWMRI) can reveal the morphological features of intracranial artery occlusion (ICAO). This study aimed to investigate the imaging features of ICAO on VWMRI and explore their correlation with perioperative complications of endovascular recanalization for non-acute ICAO.

Methods: The study retrospectively included consecutive patients with recurrent ischemic stroke due to non-acute ICAO in the anterior circulation who underwent preoperative VWMRI evaluation and endovascular recanalization.