Butyric Acid Modulates Gut Microbiota to Alleviate Inflammation and Secondary Bone Loss in Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that primarily affects the sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. While the exact pathogenetic mechanism of AS remains unclear, previous reports have highlighted the involvement of genetic factors, immune responses, and gut microbiota dysregulation in the development of this condition. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are microbial fermentation products derived from sugar, protein, and dietary fibers, play a role in maintaining the intestinal barrier function and reducing inflammatory responses.

NOTCH3 Mutation Causes Glymphatic Impairment and Promotes Brain Senescence in CADASIL.

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the role of glymphatic function of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy, subcortical infarcts, and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common monogenic small vessel disease caused by NOTCH3 mutation, and to explore potential therapeutic strategies to improve glymphatic function.

Methods: We assessed glymphatic influx and efflux function in CADASIL mouse models (Notch3) and correlated these findings with brain atrophy in CADASIL patients. We also investigated the underlying mechanisms of glymphatic impairment, focusing the expression of AQP4 in astrocytic endfeet.

Metagenomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Crosstalk Between Intratumor Mycobiome and Hosts in Early-Stage Nonsmoking Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients.

Background: The mycobiome in the tumor microenvironment of non-smokers with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (ES-LUAD) has been minimally investigated.

Methods: In this study, we conducted ultra-deep metagenomic and transcriptomic sequencing on 128 samples collected from 46 nonsmoking ES-LUAD patients and 41 healthy controls (HC), aiming to characterize the tumor-resident mycobiome and its interactions with the host.

Results: The results revealed that ES-LUAD patients exhibited fungal dysbiosis characterized by reduced species diversity and significant imbalances in specific fungal abundances.

B7-H3 CAR-T cell therapy combined with irradiation is effective in targeting bulk and radiation-resistant chordoma cancer cells.

Background: Chordoma is a slow-growing, primary malignant bone tumor that arises from notochordal tissue in the midline of the axial skeleton. Surgical excision with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment, but high local recurrence rates are reported even with negative margins. High-dose radiation therapy (RT), such as with proton or carbon ions, has been used as an alternative to surgery, but late local failure remains a problem.

Hypoxia-tropic delivery of nanozymes targeting transferrin receptor 1 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy sensitization.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignancy highly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia, is primarily treated with radiotherapy (RT). However, hypoxia-induced radioresistance presents a significant challenge. Nanozymes, nanomaterials with catalase-like activity, have emerged as a promising strategy for radiosensitization by converting elevated hydrogen peroxide in the tumor microenvironment into oxygen.

Fibroblast activation protein peptide-targeted NIR-I/II fluorescence imaging for stable and functional detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the primary stromal component of the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), affecting tumor progression and post-resection recurrence. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a key biomarker of CAFs. However, there is limited evidence on using FAP as a target in near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging for HCC.

Sacubitril/valsartan attenuates inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy.

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) primarily manifests as a cardiomyopathy induced by physical or emotional stress, remains a poorly understood condition with no established treatments. In this study, we investigated the potential of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) to increase the survival of TTS patients and reduce inflammation and myocardial fibrosis in experimental models.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether sac/val could improve survival rates in TTS patients, mitigate cardiac remodeling in vivo, and explore its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic mechanisms in vitro.

The serum level of sclerostin decreases in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis patients with fatty lesions.

Background: Currently, the pathophysiology of new bone formation in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) remains unclear. Cellular elements and their secreted bone turnover markers might be one of the underlying mechanisms that drive the new bone formation. Our study aimed to investigate the role of bone turnover markers in r-axSpA patients with fatty lesions.

Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 supports leucine catabolism to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and alleviate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

Background: Cisplatin is widely used in clinical practice, but its nephrotoxicity severely limits its use. Previous studies have shown that cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is closely related to mitochondrial damage and that alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction can alleviate cisplatin-induced AKI. Methylcrotonyl‑CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) is mainly located in mitochondria, where it catalyzes the catabolism of leucine and maintains mitochondrial function; however, the role of MCCC2 in cisplatin-induced renal injury has not yet been studied.

Understanding the Needs of Young and Middle-Aged Chinese People Who Have Experienced a Stroke Who Have Not Successfully Returned to Work: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: The study aims to understand the return to work (RTW) needs of young and middle-aged people who have experienced a stroke and to contribute to the development of supportive RTW services.

Design: A qualitative study employing the phenomenological method.

Participants: Eleven young and middle-aged people who have experienced a stroke participated in the study.

Disease burden and trend of melanoma among middle-aged and elderly population in China from 1990 to 2020, and prediction for 2022 to 2035.

Objectives: To analyze the disease burden and trend from 1990 to 2020 of melanoma among middle-aged and elderly populations in China, and to predict the future trend from 2022 to 2035.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 were utilized to collect incidence and mortality rates of melanoma, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age crude rates among the middle-aged and elderly population in China. Additionally, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was employed to assess the temporal trends.

Postradiotherapy nasopharyngeal necrosis with granulation mass: Insights from a multicentre study.

Background: Postradiotherapy nasopharyngeal necrosis with granulation mass (PRNN-GM) is a rare subtype of postradiotherapy nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN). It is characterized by the formation of isolated granulomatous tissue masses or masses combined with PRNN. However, the relationship between clinical features and survival outcomes in PRNN-GM remains unclear.

A prognostic index for advanced-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter study.

Advanced-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a highly heterogeneous disease with very poor prognosis. All commonly utilized prognostic models incorporated both early-stage and advanced-stage patients in the modeling process. This study aim to design a prognostic model specifically for advanced-stage ENKTL, providing risk stratification in affected patients.

Microbial community analysis of supragingival plaque in patients with fixed prostheses.

Statement Of Problem: Harmony between prostheses and periodontal tissues is essential. The presence of a fixed prosthesis has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal lesion onset in abutment teeth and to affect longevity. However, studies comparing the supragingival plaque biofilm on fixed prostheses and natural teeth are lacking.

Adult-onset vanishing white matter disease due to a novel compound heterozygous EIF2B2 mutation: a case report and brief review.

Background And Objectives: Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) is an autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy caused by mutations in the EIF2B1-5 genes, typically rare in adulthood. We present a case of adult-onset VWMD with a novel EIF2B2 mutation.

Methods: We collected the patient's clinical data, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results, laboratory tests, imaging features, genetic analysis, and follow-up data over a 4-year period.

Baolier Capsule's Secret Weapon: Piperine Boosts Cholesterol Excretion to Combat Atherosclerosis.

Purpose: The Baolier capsule (BLEC) is a proprietary Mongolian medicine administered for treating hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis (AS). However, the therapeutic effects, primary bioactive ingredients, and potential mechanisms underlying hypercholesterolemia and AS remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effects, principal active ingredients, and mechanisms of BLEC against hypercholesterolemia and AS.

Inhalable nanovesicles loaded with a STING agonist enhance CAR-T cell activity against solid tumors in the lung.

Suppression of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a major barrier to their efficacy against solid tumors. To address this, we develop an anti-PD-L1-expressing nanovesicle loaded with the STING agonist cGAMP (aPD-L1 NVs@cGAMP) to remodel the tumor microenvironment and thereby enhance CAR-T cell activity. Following pulmonary delivery, the nanovesicles rapidly accumulate in the lung and selectively deliver STING agonists to PD-L1-overexpressing cells via the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.

Mutation of lysine-specific demethylase 5 is associated with enhanced tumor immunity and favorable outcomes in pan-cancer immune checkpoint blockade.

The lysine-specific demethylase 5 (KDM5) family, a key post-translational modification of chromatin, can shape tumor immune microenvironment. Here, we performed an extensive clinical and bioinformatic analysis to explore the association between KDM5 mutation and tumor immunity and its impact on the outcomes in pan-cancer immunotherapy. In 2943 patients across 12 tumor types treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, KDM5-mutant tumors were associated with favorable overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.

Knockdown of RASD1 improves MASLD progression by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Background: There is still no reliable therapeutic targets and effective pharmacotherapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). RASD1 is short for Ras-related dexamethasone-induced 1, a pivotal factor in various metabolism processes of Human. However, the role of RASD1 remains poorly illustrated in MASLD.

Association between the geriatric nutritional risk index and postoperative delirium in gastric surgery patients: an analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Background: This study explores the correlation between nutritional status, as determined by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing gastric surgery.

Methods: Data were obtained from the MIMIC-IV 2.2 database for patients aged 18 years or older who underwent gastric surgery.

Association of triglyceride glucose-body mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with IgA nephropathy: a retrospective study.

Introduction: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most prevalent forms of glomerulonephritis worldwide, particularly affecting 40-50% of the East Asian population. Cardiovascular mortality represents a leading cause of death in patients with IgAN. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) serves as a predictor of heart failure and cardiovascular mortality.

Clinical effectiveness of unilateral single-armed vasoepididymostomy in obstructive azoospermia: a single-center experience.

Background: Vasoepididymostomy (VE) is an important surgical treatment to achieve natural conception for patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA), and only unilateral VE can be performed under certain conditions, such as OA patients with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD) and some acquired OA. There is a lack of relevant reports assessing the clinical outcomes of unilateral VE in OA patients with different causes. This study is aimed to describe the clinical features and evaluate treatments and outcomes of unilateral single-armed VE in OA patients.

Deep learning-based low count whole-body positron emission tomography denoising incorporating computed tomography priors.

Background: Deep-learning-based denoising improves image quality and quantification accuracy for low count (LC) positron emission tomography (PET). Conventional deep-learning-based denoising methods only require single LC PET image input. This study aims to propose a deep-learning-based LC PET denoising method incorporating computed tomography (CT) priors to further reduce the dose level.