Distal Radioulnar Synostosis Following Greenstick Fracture of the Ulnar Diaphysis: A Case Report.

Case: We discuss a 16-year-old adolescent boy presenting with a minimally displaced greenstick fracture of the distal third ulnar diaphysis sustained during a fall playing football. Initial treatment consisted of in situ casting followed by removable forearm splinting. The patient returned 3 months postinjury with complete forearm motion loss.

Do Patients of Different Levels of Affluence Receive Different Care for Pediatric Osteosarcomas? One Institution's Experience.

Background: The published reports examining socioeconomic factors and their relationship to osteosarcoma presentation and treatment suggest an association between lower socioeconomic status and a worse response to chemotherapy and lower survivorship. However, the driving factors behind these disparities are unclear. The Child Opportunity Index was developed by diversitydatakids.

Integration across biophysical scales identifies molecular and cellular correlates of person-to-person variability in human brain connectivity.

Brain connectivity arises from interactions across biophysical scales, ranging from molecular to cellular to anatomical to network level. To date, there has been little progress toward integrated analysis across these scales. To bridge this gap, from a unique cohort of 98 individuals, we collected antemortem neuroimaging and genetic data, as well as postmortem dendritic spine morphometric, proteomic and gene expression data from the superior frontal and inferior temporal gyri.

State of the art of mobile health technologies use in clinical arrhythmia care.

The rapid growth in consumer-facing mobile and sensor technologies has created tremendous opportunities for patient-driven personalized health management. The diagnosis and management of cardiac arrhythmias are particularly well suited to benefit from these easily accessible consumer health technologies. In particular, smartphone-based and wrist-worn wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) technology can facilitate relatively inexpensive, long-term rhythm monitoring.

The case for microbial intervention at weaning.

Weaning, the transition from a milk-based diet to solid food, coincides with the most significant shift in gut microbiome composition in the lifetime of most mammals. Notably, this period also marks a "window of opportunity" where key components of the immune system develop, and host-microbe interactions shape long-term immune homeostasis thereby influencing the risk of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the changes in nutrition, microbiota, and host physiology that occur during weaning.

At-home wearable-based monitoring predicts clinical measures and biological biomarkers of disease severity in Friedreich's Ataxia.

Background: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) results in progressive impairment in gait, upper extremity coordination, and speech. Currently, these symptoms are assessed through expert examination at clinical visits. Such in-clinic assessments are time-consuming, subjective, of limited sensitivity, and provide only a limited perspective of the daily disability of patients.

PTB airway compression complicated by vascular abnormalities and cardiac involvement: A case series demonstrating diagnosis and management.

Introduction: Lymphobronchial tuberculosis (LBTB) is a tuberculous lymphadenopathy causing airway compression in young children. While it can occur in older children due to factors such as airway size, wall weakness, and immune reconstitutions, severe airway obstruction is more common in younger children.

Methods: Chest X-rays show airway compression, while bronchoscopy is the gold standard for confirming TB-induced airway compression.

Probing the digital exposome: associations of social media use patterns with youth mental health.

Recently, the U.S. Surgeon General issued an advisory highlighting the lack of knowledge about the safety of ubiquitous social media use on adolescent mental health.

Rapid cyclic stretching induces a synthetic, proinflammatory phenotype in cultured human intestinal smooth muscle, with the potential to alter signaling to adjacent bowel cells.

Background And Aims: Bowel smooth muscle experiences mechanical stress constantly during normal function, and pathologic mechanical stressors in disease states. We tested the hypothesis that pathologic mechanical stress could alter transcription to induce smooth muscle phenotypic class switching.

Methods: Primary human intestinal smooth muscle cells (HISMCs), seeded on electrospun aligned poly-ε-caprolactone nano-fibrous scaffolds, were subjected to pathologic, high frequency (1 Hz) uniaxial 3% cyclic stretch (loaded) or kept unloaded in culture for 6 hours.

On-Demand Seizures Facilitate Rapid Screening of Therapeutics for Epilepsy.

Animal models of epilepsy are critical in drug development and therapeutic testing, but dominant methods for pharmaceutical evaluation face a tradeoff between higher throughput and etiological relevance. For example, in temporal lobe epilepsy, a type of epilepsy where seizures originate from limbic structures like the hippocampus, the main screening models are either based on acutely induced seizures in wild type, naïve animals or spontaneous seizures in chronically epileptic animals. Both types have their disadvantages - the acute convulsant or kindling induced seizures do not account for the myriad neuropathological changes in the diseased, epileptic brains, and spontaneous behavioral seizures are sparse in the chronically epileptic models, making it time-intensive to sufficiently power experiments.

Prolonged Hyperactivity Elicits Massive and Persistent Chloride Ion Redistribution in Subsets of Cultured Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells.

Chloride ions play a critical role in neuronal inhibition through the activity of chloride-permeable GABA receptor channels. Ion transporters, chloride channels, and immobile ion species tightly regulate intracellular chloride concentrations. Several studies related to epilepsy suggest that chloride extrusion function may decrease in an activity-dependent manner.

Temporal trends in pediatric cancer mortality: rare cancers lag behind more common cancers.

Temporal trends demonstrate improved survival for many types of common pediatric cancer. Studies have not examined improvement in very rare pediatric cancers or compared these improvements to more common cancers. In this cohort study of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry, we examined patients from 1975 to 2016 who were 0-19 years of age at the time of diagnosis.

The Cross-Sectional Relation of Body Mass Index to Adiposity among 8- to 19-Year-Olds within Several Races and Ethnicities.

Objective: To assess the screening ability of a high body mass index (BMI) for high adiposity among 8- to 19-year-olds.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 6454 National Health and Nutrition Survey participants from 2011 through 2018. Fat and lean mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Who Die After Repair.

Background: Quantitative echocardiographic (echo) measures of ventricular function predict mortality in pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH), but studies in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-related PH are limited. Few studies report quantitative echo data beyond the first week of life in CDH non-survivors.

Methods: A single-center retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study included CDH patients born between January 2013 and April 2022 who survived to surgical repair but died during the neonatal hospitalization.

Metal availability shapes early life microbial ecology and community succession.

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health and disease. Microbial community assembly and succession early in life are influenced by numerous factors. In turn, assembly of this microbial community is known to influence the host, including immune system development, and has been linked to outcomes later in life.

Parvalbumin interneuron impairment causes synaptic transmission deficits and seizures in SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

SCN8A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) is a severe epilepsy syndrome resulting from mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.6, encoded by the gene SCN8A. Nav1.