The role of miRNAs in the associations between particulate matter and ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study.

Epidemiological studies have reported that atmospheric particulate matter (PM) contributes to ischemic stroke (IS). Biological studies also indicated that the pathway where PM induces IS involves several pathological processes. Moreover, exposure to PM can alter the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and ultimately accelerate the onset of IS by regulating related pathways.

A multi-domain feature fusion epilepsy seizure detection method based on spike matching and PLV functional networks.

The identification of spikes, as a typical characteristic wave of epilepsy, is crucial for diagnosing and locating the epileptogenic region. The traditional seizure detection methods lack spike features and have low sample richness. This paper proposes a seizure detection method with spike-based phase locking value (PLV) functional brain networks and multi-domain fused features.

Clinical, immunophenotypic, and genomic findings of acute myeloid leukemia with RAM immunophenotype: Comparison with other CD56-positive acute leukemias.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RAM immunophenotype is a newly recognized high-risk AML immunophenotypic subcategory characterized by blasts with bright expression of CD56 and weak to absent expression of CD45, HLA-DR, and CD38, as first described by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). The relationship between AML-RAM and other CD56-positive acute leukemias is unclear. The goal of this study is to characterize the clinicopathological characteristics of AML with RAM phenotype and compare them with other CD56 co-expressing acute leukemias.

The Bruck inhaler: An ether inhaler misattributed to Ludwig Bruck, an Australian medical publisher and supplier of medical equipment.

The acquisition of an early ether inhaler stimulated research into several inhalers classified as Bruck inhalers. Ludwig Hermann Bruck was a German migrant who arrived in Australia in 1873. He became a medical publisher, importer of medical instruments, and made unique contributions to early Australian medical publishing, most significantly as the first publisher of .

An update on regulation and function of G protein-coupled receptors in cancer: A promising strategy for cancer therapy.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of cell surface receptors that play a crucial role in signal transduction and cellular communication. GPCR proteins are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including cell growth, migration, and survival. Dysregulation of GPCR protein expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, and GPCR proteins have been shown to modulate these processes in various types of cancer, highlighting their importance as potential therapeutic targets.

Exercise capacity and the psychosocial effect in preterm born infants - Should we do more?

Physical activity is crucial for children's physical, cognitive, and social development, reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases and improving overall well-being. A major legacy of extremely preterm delivery is respiratory limitation with reduced lung function and decreased exercise capacity which can be further exacerbated by inactivity and deconditioning. Strategies to increase incidental physical activities in early childhood and participation in sport and more formal exercise programmes in middle childhood have the potential to optimize cardiopulmonary function, improve quality of life, and foster social interactions in childhood and beyond, thereby providing benefits that extend far beyond the physical domain.

Recent Trends in the Development and Application of Nano-Antioxidants for Skin-Related Disease.

Skin is a vital barrier for the human body, protecting against external environmental influences and maintaining internal homeostasis. In addition, an imbalance of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms can lead to skin-related diseases. Thus, for treating skin-related diseases, antioxidant therapy may be an important strategy to alleviate these symptoms.

Do Academic Libraries Contribute to Students' and Communities' Wellbeing?: A Scoping Review.

: Academic libraries offer a range of activities and initiatives for their students and community users. However, wellbeing, as a concept in academic libraries, is not very well defined and is poorly understood. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the role of academic libraries in student and community wellbeing, identify the various kinds of activities and initiatives that they carry out to address their wellbeing, and uncover gaps that might require further research.

Antibiotic exposure is associated with minimal gut microbiome perturbations in healthy term infants.

Background: The evolving infant gut microbiome influences host immune development and later health outcomes. Early antibiotic exposure could impact microbiome development and contribute to poor outcomes. Here, we use a prospective longitudinal birth cohort of n = 323 healthy term African American children to determine the association between antibiotic exposure and the gut microbiome through shotgun metagenomics sequencing as well as bile acid profiles through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The influence of respiratory infections on Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children.

Objective: To explore the influence of respiratory infections on the onset of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) in children, along with exploring potential underlying mechanisms.

Method: The present study conducted a statistical analysis on renal involvement indicators in 296 children with HSP who came to the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University, as well as the IgA levels in 400 children with respiratory infections and 400 children with HSP.

Results: Compared with the control group, children with HSP exhibited a significant increase in urine red blood cell count, urine microalbuminuria, and urine protein/creatinine ratio (P < 0.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of ketamine in Rett syndrome.

Background: Preclinical studies and anecdotal case reports support the potential therapeutic benefit of low-dose oral ketamine as a treatment of clinical symptoms in Rett syndrome (RTT); however, no controlled studies have been conducted in RTT to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy.

Design: This was a sequentially initiated, dose-escalating cohort, placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized sequence, cross-over study of oral ketamine in 6-12-year-old girls with RTT to evaluate short-term safety and tolerability and explore efficacy.

Methods: Participants were randomized to either five days treatment with oral ketamine or matched placebo, followed by a nine-day wash-out period and then crossed-over to the opposite treatment.

Systematic dissection of pleiotropic loci and critical regulons in excitatory neurons and microglia relevant to neuropsychiatric and ocular diseases.

Advancements in single-cell multimodal techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of disease-relevant loci identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). To investigate the biological connections between the eye and brain, we integrated bulk and single-cell multiomic profiles with GWAS summary statistics for eight neuropsychiatric and five ocular diseases. Our analysis uncovered five latent factors explaining 61.

One hundred thirty-four germ line PU.1 variants and the agammaglobulinemic patients carrying them.

Leukopoiesis is lethally arrested in mice lacking the master transcriptional regulator PU.1. Depending on the animal model, subtotal PU.

Congenital Titinopathy: Comprehensive Characterization of the Most Severe End of the Disease Spectrum.

Unlabelled: Congenital titinopathy has recently emerged as one of the most common congenital muscle disorders.

Objective: To better understand the presentation and clinical needs of the under-characterized extreme end of the congenital titinopathy severity spectrum.

Methods: We comprehensively analyzed the clinical, imaging, pathology, autopsy, and genetic findings in 15 severely affected individuals from 11 families.

Antimicrobial Resistance Associated with Mass Gatherings: A Systematic Review.

Mass gatherings are associated with the spread of communicable diseases. Some studies have suggested that acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) may be associated with attendance at specific mass gatherings. This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on the association between attendance at mass gatherings and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and assess the prevalence of AMR at mass gatherings.

Association of early aspirin use with 90-day mortality in patients with sepsis: an PSM analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.

Objective: In addition to its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties, aspirin inhibits bacterial proliferation directly. The potential benefits of aspirin may enhance the prognosis for sepsis patients. However, little is known about the effects of early aspirin administration.

States Do Not Delineate the "Accepted Medical Standards" for Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Determination.

Background: The Uniform Determination of Death Act requires brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) determination to be in accordance with "accepted medical standards." The medical organizations responsible for delineating these guidelines are only specified statutorily in two states. State health organizations (SHOs) are composed of policy experts and medical professionals who are responsible for addressing medical, ethical, and legislative problems related to health.

Practice patterns for acquiring neuroimaging after pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Aims: To determine which patient and cardiac arrest factors were associated with obtaining neuroimaging after in-hospital cardiac arrest, and among those patients who had neuroimaging, factors associated with which neuroimaging modality was obtained.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who survived in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and were enrolled in the ICU-RESUS trial (NCT02837497).

Results: We tabulated ultrasound (US), CT, and MRI frequency within 7 days following IHCA and identified patient and cardiac arrest factors associated with neuroimaging modalities utilized.

Academic Achievement of Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Background And Objectives: Learning difficulties are frequently reported in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), yet little is known about the extent and predictors of their academic functions across ages. We aimed to examine the developmental patterns of academic achievement in these children from childhood to adolescence and how these patterns differ across demographic and NF1-related disease factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study integrated data of 1512 children with NF1 (mean age, 11.

Early and multiple doses of zoledronate mitigates rebound bone loss following withdrawal of RANKL inhibition.

Rebound bone loss following denosumab discontinuation is an important barrier in the effective long-term treatment of skeletal disorders. This is driven by increased osteoclastic bone resorption following the offset of RANKL inhibition, and sequential osteoclast-directed therapy has been utilised to mitigate this. However, current sequential treatment strategies intervene following the offset of RANKL inhibition and this approach fails to consistently prevent bone loss.

Whole-Heart Histological and CMR Validation of Electroanatomic Mapping by Multielectrode Catheters in an Ovine Model.

Background: Accurate electroanatomic mapping is critical for identifying scar and the long-term success of ventricular tachycardia ablation.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the accuracy of multielectrode mapping (MEM) catheters to identify scar on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and histopathology.

Methods: In an ovine model of myocardial infarction, we examined the effect of electrode size, spacing, and mapping rhythm on scar identification compared to CMR and histopathology using 5 multielectrode mapping catheters.

Respiratory virus detections in children presenting to an Australian paediatric referral hospital pre-COVID-19 pandemic, January 2014 to December 2019.

Acute respiratory infections cause significant paediatric morbidity, but for pathogens other than influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2, systematic monitoring is not commonly performed. This retrospective analysis of six years of routinely collected respiratory pathogen multiplex PCR testing at a major paediatric hospital in New South Wales Australia, describes the epidemiology, year-round seasonality, and co-detection patterns of 15 viral respiratory pathogens. 32,599 respiratory samples from children aged under 16 years were analysed.