Anti-tumor effects of phenolic alkaloids of menispermum dauricum on gastric cancer and .

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the anti-tumor effects of the Chinese traditional herb phenolic alkaloids of menispermum dauricum (PAMD) on gastric cancer both in vitro and in vivo.

Materials And Methods: Cell apoptosis was detected in cultured SGC-7901 cells after administration of a different dose of PAMD. Gastric cancer model was established by single i.

Measurement and Evaluation of Quantitative Performance of PET/CT Images before a Multicenter Clinical Trial.

To ensure the reliability of the planned multi-center clinical trial, we assessed the consistence and comparability of the quantitative parameters of the eight PET/CT units that will be used in this trial. PET/CT images were scanned using a PET NEMA image quality phantom (Biodex) on the eight units of Discovery PET/CT 690 from GE Healthcare. The scanning parameters were the same with the ones to be used in the planned trial.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 protects the heart from oxidative stress-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via activation of AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Diabetes affects cardiac structure and function, where it leads to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxidative stress play an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19, an enterokine, is synthesized and released into the ileum.

STK17B promotes carcinogenesis and metastasis via AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy worldwide with frequent intrahepatic and distant metastasis. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism that modulates HCC progression is critical for exploring novel therapeutic strategies. Serine/Threonine Kinase 17B (STK17B) is upregulated in HCC tissues, but its role in HCC progression remains elusive.

A long non-coding RNA expression signature to predict survival of patients with colon adenocarcinoma.

Colon cancer is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer and is still the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to be superior biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis than miRNAs and protein-coding genes. In the current study, our objective was to detect novel lncRNA biomarkers by analyzing lncRNA expression profiles and clinical data in a large cohort of patients with colon patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Role of inhibitor of growth 4 in the suppression of human melanoma cells through the Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis pathway.

Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is notoriously resistant to all current available therapies. Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4), a novel member of the ING family of proteins, has previously been shown to play a critical role in the development of multiple tumors by regulating apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progress, migration and invasion. However, the functional role of ING4 in human melanoma remains unclear.

First-line icotinib versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus pemetrexed maintenance therapy for patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (CONVINCE): a phase 3, open-label, randomized study.

Background: Icotinib has been previously shown to be non-inferior to gefitinib in non-selected advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients when given as second- or further-line treatment. In this open-label, randomized, phase 3 CONVINCE trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of first-line icotinib versus cisplatin/pemetrexed plus pemetrexed maintenance in lung adenocarcinoma patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation.

Patients And Methods: Eligible participants were adults with stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma and exon 19/21 EGFR mutations.

A consensus on liquid biopsy from the 2016 Chinese Lung Cancer Summit expert panel.

The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer have evolved into the era of precision medicine. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive approach, has emerged as a promising practice in genetic profiling and monitoring of lung cancer. Translating liquid biopsy from bench to bedside has encountered various challenges, including technique selection, protocol standardisation, data analysis and cost management.

Caspase-Independent Pathway is Related to Nilotinib Cytotoxicity in Cultured Cardiomyocytes.

Background/aims: Cardiotoxicity is a predominant side-effect of nilotinib during chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. The underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The role of autophagy and mitochondrial signaling was investigated in nilotinib-treated cardiac H9C2 cells.

Biochemical characterization of aminopeptidase N2 from Toxoplasma gondii.

Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a member of the highly conserved M1 family of metalloproteases, and is considered to be a valuable target for the treatment of a variety of diseases, e.g., cancer, malaria, and coccidiosis.

miR-15b-5p resensitizes colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by promoting apoptosis via the NF-κB/XIAP axis.

Drug resistance, which is closely correlated with an imbalance in apoptosis, endows colorectal cancer (CRC) with enhanced progression capacity irrespective of the treatment with therapeutics. We report that miR-15b-5p is a tumor suppressor whose level is globally decreased in CRC cells and tissues. Over-expression of miR-15b-5p not only promoted 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced cellular apoptosis but also reversed the chemoresistance of 5-FU in vitro and in vivo.

Agreement Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathologic Findings in the Tumor Size Evaluation Before and After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: To compare the agreement between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and postsurgical pathologic findings for tumor size evaluation in cervical cancer patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) treatment.

Methods: The study analyzed the agreement between pretreatment MRI results and postsurgical pathologic findings about the tumor size in 100 cervical cancer patients without NACT and 397 cervical cancer patients with NACT, respectively.

Results: In general, the agreement between pretreatment MRI results and postsurgical pathologic findings of tumor size was 0.

Prognostic significance of glutathione peroxidase 2 in gastric carcinoma.

Increasing evidence suggests that the glutathione peroxidase 2 may actually play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression in various human cancers such as colorectal carcinomas and lung adenocarcinomas. However, the role of glutathione peroxidase 2 in gastric carcinoma remains to be determined. In this study, the expression and prognostic significance of glutathione peroxidase 2 in gastric carcinoma were investigated and the well-known prognostic factor Ki-67 labeling index was also assessed as positive control.

Long non-coding RNA HOXA-AS2 promotes proliferation and invasion of breast cancer by acting as a miR-520c-3p sponge.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOXA cluster antisense RNA2 (HOXA-AS2) has recently been shown to be dysregulated and involved in the progression of several cancers. However, the biological role and clinical significance of HOXA-AS2 in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer are still unclear. In the present study, we found that HOXA-AS2 was up-regulated in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines and associated with clinicopathological characteristics.

Expression of MYSM1 is associated with tumor progression in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer in both men and women, has gradually increased in recent years. MYSM1has been investigated as a regulator of hematopoiesis and lymphocyte development in human. It has been reported that some tumor-related genes were modulated by MYSM1.

Relationships of MMP-9, E-cadherin, and VEGF expression with clinicopathological features and response to chemosensitivity in gastric cancer.

The matrix metalloproteinase-9, E-cadherin, and vascular endothelial growth factor play an important role in behavior of tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the relationships of matrix metalloproteinase-9, E-cadherin, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression with clinicopathological features and results of chemosensitivity tested by collagen gel droplet-embedded culture-drug sensitivity test in gastric cancer. Fresh specimens were used for collagen gel droplet-embedded culture-drug sensitivity test and paired fixed specimens were used for immunohistochemistry.

Chromobox homolog 2 protein: A novel biomarker for predicting prognosis and Taxol sensitivity in patients with breast cancer.

Polycomb group (PcG) complexes modify histones to silence tumor suppressor genes, which exhibit an important function in tumorigenesis and progression. The chromobox (Cbx) protein family is a critical component of PcG-mediated repression. Cbx2, a member of the Cbx protein family, is hypothesized to exhibit a vital role in breast cancer.

USP22 drives colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating AP4.

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22), a putative cancer stem cell marker, is overexpressed in liver metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism by which USP22 promotes CRC metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that USP22 and AP4 are simultaneously overexpressed during TGF-β1-induced CRC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promote LPS-induced septic acute kidney injury by regulating TNFα and JNK/NF-κB pathways in HK-2 cells.

This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation injury in HK-2 cells. We established LPS-induced septic acute kidney injury (AKI) model in HK-2 cells. LPS-induced HK-2 cells were transfected with pc-PVT1, pc-NC, si-PVT1 or si-NC.

DUSP1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood leukocyte is associated with triple-negative breast cancer risk.

DNA methylation is one of the most common epigenetic alterations, providing important information regarding cancer risk and prognosis. A case-control study (423 breast cancer cases, 509 controls) and a case-only study (326 cases) were conducted to evaluate the association of DUSP1 promoter methylation with breast cancer risk and clinicopathological characteristics. No significant association between DUSP1 methylation in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA and breast cancer risk was observed.

Identification of TMEM208 and PQLC2 as reference genes for normalizing mRNA expression in colorectal cancer treated with aspirin.

Numerous evidences indicate that aspirin usage causes a significant reduction in colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms about aspirin preventing colon cancer are largely unknown. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a most frequently used method to identify the target molecules regulated by certain compound.

Comparison of machine learning methods for classifying mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer from F-FDG PET/CT images.

Background: This study aimed to compare one state-of-the-art deep learning method and four classical machine learning methods for classifying mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from F-FDG PET/CT images. Another objective was to compare the discriminative power of the recently popular PET/CT texture features with the widely used diagnostic features such as tumor size, CT value, SUV, image contrast, and intensity standard deviation. The four classical machine learning methods included random forests, support vector machines, adaptive boosting, and artificial neural network.

Performance comparison of NextSeq and Ion Proton platforms for molecular diagnosis of clinical oncology.

Purpose: Next-generation sequencing is a powerful approach to detect genetic mutations with which cancer diagnosis and treatment can be tailored to the individual patient in the era of personalized and precision medicine. Ion Torrent Systems Ion Proton and Illumina NextSeq are 2 major targeted sequencing platforms; however, not much work has been done to compare these platforms' performance for mutation detection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) materials.

Methods: We benchmarked the performance by using a collection of FFPE samples from 23 patients with different cancers for NextSeq and Ion Proton platforms.