Hemorrhagic shock worsens neuromuscular recovery in a porcine model of hind limb vascular injury and ischemia-reperfusion.

Background: In order to advance beyond basic statistical limb salvage to improved functional or quality limb salvage, a better understanding of the ischemic threshold of the limb is required. To date, models of extremity ischemia and reperfusion involve small animals and few include survival with physiologic measures of nerve and muscle recovery. In addition, the effect of hemorrhagic shock on the ischemic threshold of the extremity is unknown.

The impact of ischemic intervals on neuromuscular recovery in a porcine (Sus scrofa) survival model of extremity vascular injury.

Background: Despite advances in revascularization following extremity vascular injury, the relationship between time to restoration of flow and functional limb salvage is unknown. The objectives of this study are to describe a large animal survival model of hind limb ischemia/reperfusion and define neuromuscular recovery following increasing ischemic periods.

Methods: Sus scrofa swine (N = 38; weight, 87 ± 6.

A large animal survival model (Sus scrofa) of extremity ischemia/reperfusion and neuromuscular outcomes assessment: a pilot study.

Background: Extremity ischemia/reperfusion has been studied mostly in small-animal models with limited characterization of neuromuscular or functional outcome. The objective of this experiment was to report a large-animal survival model of extremity ischemia/reperfusion using circulating, electromyographic (EMG), gate, and histologic measures of injury and limb recovery.

Methods: Sus scrofa swine (n = 6; mean, 83 kg) were randomized to iliac artery occlusion for 0 (control), 1 (1 HR), 3 (3 HR), or 6 (6 HR) hours.