Study of Thermalization Mechanisms of Hot Carriers in BABr-Added MAPbBr for the Top Layer of Four-Junction Solar Cells.

The hot carrier multi-junction solar cell (HCMJC) is an advanced-concept solar cell with a theoretical efficiency greater than 65%. It combines the advantages of hot carrier solar cells and multi-junction solar cells with higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). The thermalization coefficient () has been shown to slow down by an order of magnitude in low-dimensional structures, which will significantly improve PCE.

Deep Learning-Based Method for Detecting Traffic Flow Parameters Under Snowfall.

In recent years, advancements in computer vision have yielded new prospects for intelligent transportation applications, specifically in the realm of automated traffic flow data collection. Within this emerging trend, the ability to swiftly and accurately detect vehicles and extract traffic flow parameters from videos captured during snowfall conditions has become imperative for numerous future applications. This paper proposes a new analytical framework designed to extract traffic flow parameters from traffic flow videos recorded under snowfall conditions.

Skin Microbiota, Circulating Metabolic Biomarker, Epilepsy: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Currently, the associations among skin microbiota, circulating metabolites, and epilepsy are still not well studied. In this study, we applied univariate and two-step Mendelian randomization analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables to analyze the possible associations.

Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation Through Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Elicited Immunogenic Cell Death and Loading in Gel Microneedles Patches.

Tumor whole-cell vaccines are designed to introduce a wide range of tumor-associated antigens into the body to counteract the immunosuppression caused by tumors. In cases of lymphoma of which the specific antigen is not yet determined, the tumor whole-cell vaccine offers distinct advantages. However, there is still a lack of research on an effective preparation method for the lymphoma whole-cell vaccine.

A Review on Multi-Scale Toughening and Regulating Methods for Modern Concrete: From Toughening Theory to Practical Engineering Application.

Concrete is the most widely used and highest-volume basic material in the word today. Enhancing its toughness, including tensile strength and deformation resistance, can boost the structural load-bearing capacity, minimize cracking, and decrease the amount of concrete and steel required in engineering projects. These advancements are crucial for the safety, durability, energy efficiency, and emission reduction of structural engineering.

Targeting caspase-8: a new strategy for combating hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and has a high mortality rate. Caspase-8 plays a pivotal role in an array of cellular signaling pathways and is essential for the governance of programmed cell death mechanisms, inflammatory responses, and the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. Dysregulation of caspase-8 is intricately linked to the complex biological underpinnings of HCC.

Immune imbalance in Lupus Nephritis: The intersection of T-Cell and ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by unlimited accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides. It is often accompanied by disease, and the relationship between ferroptosis of immune cells and immune regulation has been attracting increasing attention. Initially, it was found in cancer research that the inhibition of regulatory T cell (Treg) ferroptosis and the promotion of CD8+ T cell ferroptosis jointly promoted the formation of an immune-tolerant environment in tumors.

PTGES3 proteolysis using the liposomal peptide-PROTAC approach.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and the lack of effective biomarkers for early detection leads to poor therapeutic outcomes. Prostaglandin E Synthase 3 (PTGES3) is a putative prognostic marker in many solid tumors; however, its expression and biological functions in HCC have not been determined. The proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) is an established technology for targeted protein degradation.

High sound pressure piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers using sputtered potassium sodium niobate.

This work presents air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with high sound pressure level (SPL) under low-driving voltages by utilizing sputtered potassium sodium niobate KNaNbO (KNN) films. A prototype single KNN pMUT has been tested to show a resonant frequency at 106.3 kHz under 4 V with outstanding characteristics: (1) a large vibration amplitude of 3.

Modulation of β secretase and neuroinflammation by biomimetic nanodelivery system for Alzheimer's disease therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The vicious circle between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) overgeneration and microglial dysfunction is an important pathological event that promotes AD progression. However, therapeutic strategies toward only Aβ or microglial modulation still have many problems.

Making Accessible and Attractive Porosities in Block Copolymer Nanofibers for Highly Permeable and Durable Air Filtration.

Submicron particulate matter (PM) can penetrate deeply into human tissue, posing a serious threat to human health. However, the electrostatic charge of commercial respirators is easily dissipated, making it difficult to maintain long-term filtration. Herein, a hierarchically porous filter based on nanofibers with accessible porosity and particulate-attractive surfaces, achieving significant filtration performance is developed through polarity-driven interactions.

Intraoperative Electroencephalogram Frontal Low Alpha Power for Predicting Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients after Orthopedic Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Aim: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication with significant adverse effects in elderly patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a promising approach for predicting the risk of POD. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between intraoperative EEG spectrum and the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Mechanisms of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Improving Motor Dysfunction After Stroke.

Patients with stroke would have persistent functional deficits despite undergoing physiotherapy and rehabilitation training. Recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), a newly emerging neuroregulatory technique, has been shown to improve motor dysfunction after stroke. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has proven the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of invasive and noninvasive VNS.

Prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia in adults with short bowel syndrome: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) is common in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). This study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of osteopenia in adult SBS patients.

Methods: Hospital records from January 2010 to December 2019 were used to identify all eligible patients.

The Discovery of Novel ER-Localized Cellobiose Transporters Involved in Cellulase Biosynthesis in Trichoderma reesei.

Sugar transporters are of great importance in sensing and transporting varied sugars for cellulase biosynthesis of lignocellulolytic fungi. Nevertheless, the function and the relevant mechanism of sugar transporters in fungal cellulase biosynthesis remain to be explored. Here, putative maltose transporters Mal1, Mal2, Mal3, Mal4, and Mal5 in Trichoderma reesei were investigated.

Regulating Carbon Vacancies and Undercoordinated Mo Sites in MoC Catalysts Toward Photo-Thermal Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Into H Fuel.

The conversion of biomass into chemical fuels is exciting but quite challenging in the development of an effective conversion strategy to generate easily-separated products without energy consumption. Herein, a lignocellulosic biomass-to-H conversion system via photo-thermal catalysis over MoC hierarchical nanotube catalysts in an acidic solution, in which the lignocellulose is hydrolyzed to small organic molecules (such as glucose, etc) by dilute HSO, and then the resulting glucose is oxidized by MoC catalyst to generate H are reported. During the photo-thermal catalytic processes, the carbon vacancy in MoC catalysts results in the generation of undercoordinated Mo sites, which act as active sites for both biomass oxidation and H generation reactions.

Emerging Functional Porous Scaffolds for Liver Tissue Engineering.

Liver tissue engineering holds promising in synthesizing or regenerating livers, while the design of functional scaffold remains a challenge. Owing to the intricate simulation of extracellular matrix structure and performance, porous scaffolds have demonstrated advantages in creating liver microstructures and sustaining liver functions. Currently, various methods and processes have been employed to fabricate porous scaffolds, manipulating the properties and morphologies of materials to confer them with unique supportive functions.

[Using Hybrid Modeling to Examine the Input Flux of Phosphorus and Its Reduction in the Terrestrial Area of Dongting Lake Area].

The study of terrestrial phosphorus inflow （hereafter referred to as phosphorus inflow） fluxes is essential for controlling non-point source （NPS） pollution. The SWAT model was successfully used to simulate phosphorus inflow fluxes in the Dongting Lake area, while a hybrid model （LSTM and SWAT） was developed and validated for predicting the reduction in phosphorus inflow fluxes among rivers based on three typical reduction scenarios： agricultural control, livestock and poultry reduction, and soil and water conservation measures. The results showed that the inflow flux of TP was 3.

Ambient fine particulate matter provokes multiple modalities of cell death via perturbation of subcellular structures.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is increasingly recognized for its detrimental effects on human health, with substantial evidence linking exposure to various forms of cell death and dysfunction across multiple organ systems. This review examines key cell death mechanisms triggered by PM2.

Assessing the impact of car-following driving style on traffic conflict risk using asymmetric behavior model and explainable machine learning.

To deepen the understanding of the impact of car-following driving style (CFDS) on traffic conflict risk and address the lack of clear CFDS evaluation metrics, this study proposes an improved CFDS metric based on the Asymmetric Behavior (AB) theory. Interpretable machine learning models were utilized for regression analysis to examine the relationship between CFDS and conflict risk. The generalized AB model calculates the difference between vehicle trajectories and the Newell trajectory, constructing the driving style evaluation metric, which quantifies driver aggressiveness in a manner that is both computationally straightforward and easily interpretable.

Network analysis of the hair-based nine hormones from four neuroendocrine systems.

Introduction: The stress response maintains the homeostasis of the body's internal environment and normal physiological activities, involving several neuroendocrine systems, such as the HPA axis, the HPG axis, the endocannabinoid system, and the melatonin system. However, studies on the intricate interactions among the four neuroendocrine systems are lacking, and it is not clear how these interactions are affected by demographic variables. The aim of this study was to investigate the network characteristics of hormonal networks comprising nine hormones from four neuroendocrine systems and how they were affected by demographic variables.

A bibliometric study of identity construction in English writing for academic purposes.

Identity construction is a crucial factor in assessing and enhancing the quality of academic writing. However, identity is elusive and difficult to capture due to its abstract nature. Most existing literature discussed academic writing in a general way, overlooking specific studies on identity construction in articles, theses, and dissertations.

A double-edged sword role of IFN-γ-producing iNKT cells in sepsis: Persistent suppression of Treg cell formation in an Nr4a1-dependent manner.

Sepsis, a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units worldwide, lacks effective treatments for advanced-stage sepsis. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of this disease is crucial. This study reveals that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have an opposing role in the progression of sepsis by suppressing regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and function.

Longitudinal relationship between adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of physical pain.

Background: This study explored the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), physical pain, and depressive symptoms, and examined the mediating role of pain in the correlation between ACE and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese (over the age of 45).

Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analysis the association between ACE, physical pain, and depressive symptoms. To assess the mediating role of physical pain in the relationship between ACE and depressive symptoms, mediation analysis was conducted.