DNA methylation analysis from oral brushing reveals a field cancerization effect in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the methylation status in patients who presented with an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) concomitantly with multifocal Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia (PVL)(PVL-OSCC).

Methods: Nine patients with OSCC and concomitant PVL lesions were selected. Two brushing samples were collected simultaneously from OSCC and PVL lesions in contralateral mucosa from each patient.

Direct healthcare costs of oral cancer: A retrospective study from a tertiary care center.

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the direct costs of OSCC treatment and postsurgical surveillance in a tertiary hospital in northeast Italy. Sixty-three consecutive patients surgically treated for primitive OSCC at S. Orsola Hospital in Bologna (Italy) between January 2018 and January 2020 were analyzed.

Thirteen-gene DNA methylation analysis of oral brushing samples: A potential surveillance tool for periodic monitoring of treated patients with oral cancer.

Background: We evaluated the prognostic role of 13-gene DNA methylation analysis by oral brushing repeatedly performed during the follow-up of patients surgically treated for oral cancer.

Methods: This is a nested case-control study including 61 patients for a total of 64 outcomes (2/61 patients experienced multiple relapses). Samples were collected at baseline (4-10 months after OSCC resection) and repeatedly every 4-10 months until relapse or death.

Shared epigenetic alterations between oral cancer and periodontitis: A preliminary study.

Introduction: We recently developed a non-invasive sampling procedure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes. Oral cancer, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, may influence the methylation level of several genes in the oral cavity. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of periodontal disease (PD) and the methylation status using our 13-gene panel.

Clinical validation of 13-gene DNA methylation analysis in oral brushing samples for detection of oral carcinoma: Italian multicenter study.

Background: The aim of this Italian multicenter study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a minimally invasive method for the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on 13-gene DNA methylation analysis in oral brushing samples.

Methods: Oral brushing specimens were collected in 11 oral medicine centers across Italy. Twenty brushing specimens were collected by each center, 10 from patients with OSCC, and 10 from healthy volunteers.

Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast without evidence of epithelial differentiation: a diagnostic approach for management.

Aims: Although rare, malignant sarcomatoid breast tumours without evidence of epithelial differentiation comprise a diagnostic challenge with management implications. Earlier studies have generally considered these to be primary breast sarcomas; however, supporting evidence is lacking and management remains variable. This study aimed to provide an evidence-based approach to improve the consistency of diagnosis and management for such cases.

Pre-Operative Evaluation of DNA Methylation Profile in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Can Predict Tumor Aggressive Potential.

Background: Prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is difficult to exactly assess on pre-operative biopsies. Since OSCC DNA methylation profile has proved to be a useful pre-operative diagnostic tool, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of DNA methylation profile to discriminate OSCC with high and low aggressive potential.

Methods: 36 OSCC cases underwent neoplastic cells collection by gentle brushing of the lesion, before performing a pre-operative biopsy.

Application of a non-invasive oral brushing procedure based on bisulfite sequencing of a 13-gene panel to study high-risk OSCC patients.

Background: A non-invasive sampling procedure for the early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes was applied in 4 different OSCC risk-group of patients. Aim of the study is to evaluate the between-group differences and the variables related to the methylation profile of each group.

Methods: Oral brushing samples were collected from 54 healthy subjects, 31 Oral Leukoplakia (OL) patients, 18 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) patients and 26 patients previously treated for OSCC.

13-gene DNA Methylation Analysis from Oral Brushing: A Promising Non Invasive Tool in the Follow-up of Oral Cancer Patients.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a non-invasive sampling procedure based on 13-gene DNA methylation analysis in the follow-up of patients previously treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: The study population included 49 consecutive patients treated for OSCC. Oral brushing sample collection was performed at two different times: before any cancer treatment in the tumor mass and during patient follow-up almost 6 months after OSCC treatment, within the regenerative area after OSCC resection.

Infiltrating Epitheliosis of the Breast: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Epitheliosis (or usual duct hyperplasia) is a proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells located within enlarged acini and small ducts, which is characterized by irregular and peripheral fenestration. Infiltrating epitheliosis (IE) is a specific lesion, characterized by classical epitheliosis flowing out into the adjacent stroma. The stroma is desmoplastic and shows keloid appearance with irregular elastosis.

Microglandular adenosis of the breast: a deceptive and still mysterious benign lesion.

Microglandular adenosis (MA) of the breast, a benign glandular proliferation, was originally described approximately 35 years ago. The lesion is constituted by small glands, all of the same size. Glands are lined by one layer of cuboidal epithelial cells encircled by basal lamina without any evidence of interposed myoepithelial elements.

A Noninvasive Test for MicroRNA Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs have recently been proposed as non-invasive biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of a panel of miRNAs in epithelial cells collected by oral brushing from OSCCs from regenerative areas after OSCC surgical resection and from their respective normal distant mucosa. Oral brushing specimens were collected from 24 healthy donors, 14 OSCC patients with specimens from tumour and normal distant mucosa, and from 13 patients who had OSCC resection, with samples from regenerative areas after OSCC resection and normal distant mucosa.

Podoplanin expression as a predictive marker of dysplasia in oral leukoplakia.

Purpose: Recent studies have emphasized the role of podoplanin in oral lesions at risk of malignant transformation. We investigated a group of oral leukoplakias (OLs) to determine a possible relation between altered podoplanin expression and dysplasia, and to compare the results with those obtained by other, widely used biomarkers.

Materials And Methods: The population consisted of 40 consecutive patients with a clinical and histological diagnosis of OL.

Invasion in breast lesions: the role of the epithelial-stroma barrier.

Despite the significant biological, behavioural and management differences between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of the breast, they share many morphological and molecular similarities. Differentiation of these two different lesions in breast pathological diagnosis is based typically on the presence of an intact barrier between the malignant epithelial cells and stroma; namely, the myoepithelial cell (MEC) layer and surrounding basement membrane (BM). Despite being robust diagnostic criteria, the identification of MECs and BM to differentiate in-situ from invasive carcinoma is not always straightforward.

Oral field cancerization: history and future perspectives.

Notwithstanding extended surgical approaches or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the development of multiple neoplastic lesions arising in the oral cavity after treatment still represents a critical clinical challenge in the management of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Such clinical behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma is nowadays better known as "field" cancerization effect as suggested by Slaughter, the author that for the first time tried to describe it in a scientific paper. Field cancerization is now widely accepted not only in head and neck oncology but also in other anatomical districts as well as in different types of epithelial neoplasia.

Prognostic impact of macrometastasis linear size in sentinel node biopsy for breast carcinoma.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of axillary non-sentinel lymph-node metastases (ALN) in breast cancer patients presenting macrometastasis (Mac-m) in the sentinel lymph node (SN).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective series of 1464 breast cancers from patients who underwent ALN dissection following the diagnosis of Mac-m in the sentinel node (SN) was studied. In all the cases the MAC-m linear size was evaluated and correlated with presence or absence of non-SN ALN metastases.

Clonal analysis as a prognostic factor in multiple oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: A novel classification based on molecular methods to assess clonality defines three types of secondary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): second primary tumour (SPT) independent from the index tumour, local recurrence (LR), clonally related to the primary tumour, and second field tumour (SFT), derived from the same genetically altered mucosal field as the primary tumour. The present study applied mtDNA analysis in a group of patients experiencing a second loco-regional neoplastic manifestation. The purpose was to differentiate secondary tumours into LRs, SPTs and SFTs and evaluate the prognostic impact in terms of survival rate.

Ki67 Overexpression in mucosa distant from oral carcinoma: A poor prognostic factor in patients with long-term follow-up.

Purpose: The aggressive behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has recently been related to the mucosa surrounding the primary mass, consisting of genetically altered cells that might be responsible for cancer progression. The aim of the study was to determine whether an abnormal cell turnover in clinically and histologically "normal" mucosa distant from the primary tumor is associated with a poor prognosis in terms of locoregional control (LRC) of disease and disease-specific survival (DSS).

Material And Methods: This prospective study monitored 55 OSCC patients.

High-resolution genomic profiling of thyroid lesions uncovers preferential copy number gains affecting mitochondrial biogenesis loci in the oncocytic variants.

Oncocytic change is the result of aberrant mitochondrial hyperplasia, which may occur in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells and is not infrequent in the thyroid. Despite being a well-characterized histologic phenotype, the molecular causes underlying such a distinctive cellular change are poorly understood. To identify potential genetic causes for the oncocytic phenotype in thyroid, we analyzed copy number alterations in a set of oncocytic (n=21) and non-oncocytic (n=20) thyroid lesions by high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).

Laser evaporation versus laser excision of oral leukoplakia: A retrospective study with long-term follow-up.

Objectives: The study makes a comparison between two surgical approaches for the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL) in terms of recurrence in a well-defined cohort of patients with a long-term follow-up period.

Methods: The cohort consisted of 77 OL patients divided into 2 groups. Group 1: 47 patients treated with laser evaporation using a Nd:YAG laser.

Transplanted human adipose tissue-derived stem cells engraft and induce regeneration in mice olfactory neuroepithelium in response to dichlobenil subministration.

We used immunodeficient mice, whose dorsomedial olfactory region was permanently damaged by dichlobenil inoculation, to test the neuroregenerative properties of transplanted human adipose tissue-derived stem cells after 30 and 60 days. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction bands revealed that stem cells preferentially engrafted in the lesioned olfactory epithelium compared with undamaged mucosa of untreated transplanted mice. Although basal cell proliferation in untransplanted lesioned mice did not give rise to neuronal cells in the olfactory mucosa, we observed clusters of differentiating olfactory cells in transplanted mice.

Extracutaneous Merkel cell carcinomas harbor polyomavirus DNA.

Merkel cell carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumor, with characteristic morphological and immunohistochemical features. Originally reported as primary carcinoma of skin, it has been described in numerous other sites such as lymph nodes, oral cavity, breast, vaginal walls, and salivary glands. Recent studies have revealed in cutaneous Merkel cell carcinomas a clonally integrated polyomavirus, named Merkel cell polyomavirus.

T([20]) repeat in the 3'-untranslated region of the MT1X gene: a marker with high sensitivity and specificity to detect microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Stratifying patients defective in mismatch repair (dMMR) with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is of increasing relevance and may provide a more tailored approach to CRC adjuvant therapy. Here, we describe the discovery of a new MSI marker for colorectal cancer located in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR, T20 mononucleotide repeat) of the metallothionein 1X gene (MT1XT20).

Methods: We studied 340 consecutive CRCs using three multiplexed polymerase chain reactions amplifying BAT25, BAT26, TGFBR2, MybT22, BAT40, MT1XT20, NR21, NR24, CAT25, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250, D18S58, CSF1PO, D7S820, and D18S51.

Primary sarcoidosis of the breast: case description and review of the literature.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. The breast is involved in less than 1% of cases. Breast can be either a primary or a secondary site of presentation.