iBCS: 4. Application of the Inhalation Biopharmaceutics Classification System to the Development of Orally Inhaled Drug Products.

This is the fourth paper in a series describing an inhalation biopharmaceutics classification system (iBCS), an initiative supported by the Product Quality Research Institute. The paper examines the application of the inhalation Biopharmaceutics Classification System (iBCS) through the drug discovery, development, and postapproval phases for orally inhaled drug products (OIDP) and for the development of generic OIDPs. We consider the implication of the iBCS class in terms of product performance and identify the practical gaps that must be filled to enable the classification system to be adopted into day-to-day practice.

Integration of Photodiagnosis and Therapy Guided by Micro/Nanorobots.

Micro/Nanorobots(MNRs)integrated with phototherapy represent an emerging approach to cancer treatment and hold significant potential for addressing bacterial infections, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and related conditions. By leveraging micro/nanoscale motor systems in conjunction with phototherapy, these robots enable real-time guidance and monitoring of therapeutic processes, improving drug delivery precision and efficiency. This integration not only enhances the effectiveness of phototherapy but also minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

Advances in Polymer-Based Self-Adjuvanted Nanovaccines.

Nanovaccines, as a new generation of vaccines, have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional potential in enhancing disease prevention and treatment. Their unique features, such as high stability, antigens protection, prolonged retention, and targeted delivery to lymph nodes, immune cells, and tumors, set them apart as promising candidates in the field of immunotherapy. Polymers, with their superior degradability, capacity to mimic pathogen characteristics, and surface functionality that facilitates modifications, serve as ideal carriers for vaccine components.

Rapid generation and characterization of recombinant HCoV-OC43-VR1558 infectious clones expressing reporter Renilla luciferase.

Viral infectious clones (ICs) serve as robust platforms for studying viral biology and screening antiviral agents using reverse genetics. However, the molecular profiles and complex limitations of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) pose a challenge to ICs development. In this study, we report a novel platform to develop the ICs for HCoV-OC43-VR1558 using a one-step assembly method in yeast by transformation-associated recombination (TAR) technology.

Growth-Associated Protein 43 Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Correspond to the Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations in Alzheimer's Dementia Continuum: An Original Study.

Background And Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative condition that has a growing impact on a global scale. This study aims to examine the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the synaptic biomarker growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) through the utilization of arterial spin labeling (ASL). The research identified noteworthy correlations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GAP-43 levels, CBF, and cognitive composite scores, especially among participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who possess the APOE-ε4 gene.

Advances and challenges of mpox detection technology.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Diagnosing and treating the disease has become a global health concern requiring close attention to its spread to non-endemic regions. Clinical diagnosis is based on laboratory test results.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Attenuates Experimental Periodontitis in Mice Partly by Delivering miRNAs.

Introduction: Periodontitis is the most common non-communicable disease in humans. The main challenge in the treatment of periodontitis is to effectively control periodontal inflammation and promote tissue repair. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (hucMSCs-exo) have been reported to modulate inflammatory responses and promote tissue repairment mainly through miRNAs in several diseases.

Match-play data according to playing categories in badminton: a systematic review.

Introduction: This systematic review aimed to investigate differences in match-play data according to the five playing categories in badminton.

Materials And Methods: The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted on ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases.

Explainable Prediction of Long-Term Glycated Hemoglobin Response Change in Finnish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Following Drug Initiation Using Evidence-Based Machine Learning Approaches.

Purpose: This study applied machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to predict changes in HbA1c levels, a critical biomarker for monitoring glycemic control, within 12 months of initiating a new antidiabetic drug in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. It also aimed to identify the predictors associated with these changes.

Patients And Methods: Electronic health records (EHR) from 10,139 type 2 diabetes patients in North Karelia, Finland, were used to train models integrating randomized controlled trial (RCT)-derived HbA1c change values as predictors, creating offset models that integrate RCT insights with real-world data.

Pharmacokinetic effect of disease severity and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill Asian patients receiving vancomycin.

Purpose: Vancomycin is an essential antibiotic for the treatment of severe gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA). In critically ill patients, particularly children, attaining the appropriate dosage is crucial to avert drug resistance and ensure therapeutic efficacy. This study sought to investigate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill Asian pediatric patients and evaluate the influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and disease severity on vancomycin clearance.

Emodin mitigates rheumatoid arthritis through direct binding to TNF-α.

Emodin has shown certain anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity in preliminary studies. However, the precise mechanisms of emodin's anti-RA effects, particularly its direct targets, remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-RA activity of emodin and elucidate its potential mechanisms, with a specific focus on identifying its molecular targets.

Perspectives on Using Pharmacogenomics to Guide Tobacco Cessation: Survey Results From an American Indian Community.

Pharmacogenomics research has predominantly focused on populations of European ancestry, limiting the application to diverse populations such as American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Our community-centric study aims to understand perspectives on utilizing pharmacogenomics to guide tobacco cessation in an AIAN community using a survey with qualitative and quantitative components. We assessed participant (n = 273) tobacco usage and cessation history, pharmacogenomics knowledge, and perceptions of utilizing pharmacogenomics in the context of tobacco cessation.

Harnessing the anti-inflammatory potential of : a comprehensive study on a leafless parasitic weed using chromatographic, , and methods.

., a parasitic weed of the Convolvulaceae family, relies entirely on host plants for nutrients but possesses notable medicinal properties. This study explored the biologically active compounds in using traditional pharmacognostic methods combined with modern chromatographic, , and techniques.

Machine Learning-Based Discovery of a Novel Noncovalent MurA Inhibitor as an Antibacterial Agent.

The bacterial cell wall is crucial for maintaining the integrity of bacterial cells. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyethylene transferase (MurA) is an important enzyme involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Therefore, it is an important target for antibacterial drug research.

Bisphenol A Biomonitoring after Sealant Placement: A Prospective Cohort Study in Schoolchildren.

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA), known for its endocrine-disrupting properties, is a concern when leaching from dental sealants. This study investigates the systemic BPA exposure following the placement of Bis-GMA-based dental sealants in Thai primary school students.

Objectives: The main objective was to evaluate the changes in urinary BPA concentrations after the application of Bis-GMA dental sealants in a cohort of Thai students.

Dextromethorphan Overdose with Refractory Status Epilepticus and Reversible Cranial Nerve Reflex Loss: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Dextromethorphan is a widely used over-the-counter antitussive medication. Generally safe within the recommended dosages, its misuse can lead to severe adverse effects, particularly in large amounts. However, comprehensive descriptions of severe overdose cases - including pharmacokinetic data of dextromethorphan and its active metabolite (dextrorphan) - are scarce.

The Role of Nutrition and Other Lifestyle Patterns in Mortality Risk in Older Adults with Multimorbidity.

Limited research has examined how older adults' lifestyles intersect with multimorbidity to influence mortality risk. In this community-dwelling prospective cohort, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study, principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns using baseline self-reported data on nutrition, lifestyle factors, and social engagement activities. Multimorbidity was defined by self-reported physician diagnoses.

Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Athletes Versus Non-Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a frequently observed hip condition among young, active individuals-especially athletes-that can result in pain, restricted mobility, and a heightened risk of osteoarthritis. Hip arthroscopy has increasingly become the preferred surgical approach for managing FAI due to its ability to alleviate symptoms and improve function. However, potential differences in outcomes between athletes and non-athletes have not been thoroughly investigated.

Dihydromyricetin Alleviated Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Nrf2-Dependent Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common side effect of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is the most abundant flavonoid in rattan tea, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects. In the current study, APAP-induced AKI models were established both in vivo and in vitro.

Identifying Exifone as a Dual-Target Agent Targeting Both SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease and the ACE2/S-RBD Interaction Among Clinical Polyphenolic Compounds.

The ongoing emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has led to resistance against multiple coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and therapeutic medications, making the development of effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 a high priority. Studies have shown that bioactive polyphenols, particularly those with triphenol groups, can effectively inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL). However, the structural instability of polyphenols necessitates further research.

Euphraticanoids N-T: Aromadendrane-Type Diterpenes and Sesquiterpenes with Fungicidal Activities from Resins.

Seven previously undescribed terpenoids, including five prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenes euphraticanoids N-R (-) and two aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenes, euphraticanoids S and T ( and ), were isolated from resins. Their structures, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated by HRESIMS and spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations, and crystallographic methods. In addition, an evaluation of the fungicidal activities of compound was carried out, resulting in the discovery of as a fungicidal candidate lead compound with an EC of 15.

Cocaine Differentially Affects Mitochondrial Function Depending on Exposure Time.

Cocaine use is a rising global concern, and increased use is accompanied by a significant increase in people entering treatment for the first time. However, there are still no complete therapies, and preclinical tools are necessary to both understand the action of cocaine and mitigate for its effects. Cocaine exposure rapidly impacts cellular and mitochondrial health, leading to oxidative stress.

TRPA1-Activated Peptides from Saiga Antelope Horn: Screening, Interaction Mechanism, and Bioactivity.

Saiga antelope horn (SAH), a rare traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits activities of anti-feverish convulsions and anti-inflammation, whereas its underlying mechanism and specific pharmacological components are still unclear. In the present study, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a major transient receptor potential cation channel was used as a target protein to identified TRPA1 high-affinity peptides (THPs) from SAH digests. Firstly, the SAH was digested under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions.