Exploring the adaptation mechanism of Spodoptera litura to xanthotoxin: Insights from transcriptional responses and CncC signaling pathway-mediated UGT detoxification.

During the long-term interaction between plants and phytophagous insects, plants generate diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) to defend against insects, whereas insects persistently cause harm to plants by detoxifying PSMs. Xanthotoxin is an insect-resistant PSM that is widely found in plants. However, the understanding of detoxification mechanism of xanthotoxin in insects is still limited at present.

Design and development of pyrazol-5-ylbenzamide derivatives containing chiral oxazoline moiety as fungicides based on molecular docking.

Background: Development of novel chiral antifungal agents for effective control of plant pathogens is urgently needed. In this study, a series of pyrazol-5-yl-benzamide derivatives containing chiral oxazoline moiety were rationally designed and developed based on molecular docking.

Results: The in vitro antifungal assay results indicated that compounds (rac)-4h (R = Et), (S)-4 h (R = S-Et) and (R)-4 h (R = R-Et) exhibited remarkable antifungal activities against Valsa mali with median effective concentration (EC) values of 0.

Antifungal Activity of Genistein Against Phytopathogenic Fungi Through ROS-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation.

() is a necrotrophic fungus responsible for apple Valsa canker, which significantly diminishes apple production yields and quality in China. Our serendipitous findings revealed that genistein significantly inhibits the mycelial growth of , with an inhibition rate reaching 42.36 ± 3.

MiR8523 negatively regulates the immunity of Plutella xylostella against entomopathogenic fungus Isaria cicadae by targeting PxSpz5.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a notorious pest and has developed serious resistance to insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have been developed as eco-friendly alternatives to insecticides. Insects rely on their immunity to defend against fungi.

Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Prothioconazole Caused by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Application and Potential Lung Health Effects.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has greatly improved pesticide effectiveness and control efficiency; however, the risk of inhalation exposure to pesticides caused by spray drift requires urgent attention. This study is the first to investigate residue distribution and inhalation exposure risk of airborne prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio during UAV application. The maximum detected unit exposure of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio in airborne particulate matter was 0.

Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Comparative Analysis of Mitogenomes in Leafhopper Tribe Deltocephalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae): Structural Conservatism and Phylogeny.

Previous studies on the gene order and composition of leafhopper mitochondrial genomes have revealed a high level of conservation in overall genome structure. Some members of Deltocephalinae, the largest subfamily, exhibit tRNA gene rearrangements; however, few mitogenomes have been sequenced in this group and the degree of structural variation within tribes remains unclear. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenomes of 14 species belonging to four genera of tribe Deltocephalini from China and compared them with the two previously reported mitogenomes for this tribe.

Glycosyltransferase-Mediated Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Enhances Non-host Resistance to Pst DC3000 in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Non-host resistance (NHR) governs defense responses against a broad range of potential pathogen species in contrast with host resistance. To identify specific genes involved in disease resistance, we used a virus-induced gene-silencing screen in Nicotiana benthamiana and identified glycosyltransferase (NbGT) as an essential component of NHR. NbGT silencing enhanced the hypersensitivity response, reactive oxygen species response, and callose deposition in N.

Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel zetapatitivirus from Penicillium exsudans isolate RCEF7900.

Penicillium exsudans strain RCEF7900, obtained from leaf litter, was found to harbor two double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements, designated as dsRNA1 and dsRNA2, with lengths of 1,816 bp and 1,625 bp, respectively. dsRNA1 encodes a 572-amino-acid RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein (65.29 kDa), while dsRNA2 encodes a 503-amino-acid coat protein (CP) (56.

Non-Radical Mediated Photocatalytic HO Synthesis in Conjugate-Enhanced Phenolic Resins with Ultrafast Charge Separation.

It is essential for the development of highly efficient polymeric photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. Nevertheless, the non-uniform molecular structures and sluggish reaction pathway of polymeric photocatalysts lead to low conversion efficiency. In this work, we report sulfur-contained phenolic resins with regulated conjugation for photocatalytic HO production.

A new species of Isocapnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from China, with notes on I. apicispina Chen & Du, 2017 and I. arcuata Zhiltzova, 1975.

This study describes and illustrates a new species of Isocapnia Banks, 1938, I. niuerheensis Yang & Du, sp. nov.

The Forgotten Tobamovirus Genes Encoding the 54 kDa Protein and the 4-6 kDa Proteins.

This article reviews the literature concerning the largely forgotten tobamovirus gene products for which no functions have been ascribed. One of these gene products is the 54 kDa protein, representing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase segment of the 183 kDa protein translated from the I-subgenomic mRNA, but which has been found only by in vitro translation and not . The other is a collection of small proteins, expressed from alternative reading frames (likely from internal ribosome entry sites) in either or both the gene or the gene.

Isolation and Evaluation of Indigenous Isolates of and Synergistic Control of with the Parasitoid .

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) are capable of infecting a variety of insect pests and are widely used as biopesticides worldwide. This study intended to isolate indigenous EPFs from cadavers of and investigate their effects on the fall armyworm (FAW), a globally widespread invasive pest. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed four native EPF strains all belong to .

Discovery and characterization of a novel Lepidoptera-specific antimicrobial peptide from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical components of innate immunity in diverse organisms, including plants, vertebrates, and insects. This study identified and characterized a novel Lepidoptera-specific AMP, named lepidoptin, from the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Lepidoptin is a 116-amino acid protein containing a signal peptide and a novel β-sandwich domain that is distinct from previously reported AMPs.

A new species of (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) from Yunnan Province, China.

Background: A new species of the genus (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) from Yunnan Province, China, , is described and illustrated.

New Information: This new species is compared to the similar species, (Wu, 1949). Additionally, we provide a supplemental description and colour plates of .

Study on the Mechanism of Polysaccharide in Reducing Depression-like Behavior in Mice.

Background/objectives: Depression is a prevalent worldwide mental health disorder that inflicts significant harm to individuals and society. is an edible fungus that contains a variety of nutrients, including polysaccharides. This study aims to investigate the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight of the polysaccharide (DDP-B1), followed by an exploration of its antidepressant effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice.

Implications of inhalation bioaccessibility for the exposure assessment of drifting airborne pesticides caused by field spraying.

Pesticide contamination in ambient air due to spray drifting has received extensive attention. Quantifying the associated health risk highlights the importance of incorporating bioaccessibility into inhalation exposure assessments rather than using the total inhaled concentration of airborne pesticides. In this study, we measured the inhalation unit exposure (UE) of three typical pesticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, phoxim, and acetamiprid) during application and post-application drift at the recommended application dosage.

Viroids and Satellites and Their Vector Interactions.

Many diseases of unknown etiology with symptoms like those caused by plant viruses but for which no virions could be found were described during the early and mid-20th century [...