Altered mental status (AMS) is a common and serious issue in ICU patients, often diagnosed too broadly with labels like toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (TME) and delirium.
It's crucial to thoroughly evaluate AMS patients for specific, treatable diseases affecting the brain instead of relying on these nonspecific labels.
The review provides strategies for assessing AMS in the ICU, discusses common neurodiagnostic procedures, and highlights specific causes of AMS that may be overlooked in standard screenings.