Association between microenvironment-related genes and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare lymphoid malignancy. Systemic profiling of the PCNSL tumor microenvironment (TME) was previously conducted through gene expression analysis. We investigated the prognostic impact of TME on survival to establish novel prognostic biomarkers in PCNSL patients.

A practice-oriented genome-profiling study for acute myeloid leukemia using the novel HANDLE system: HM-screen-JAPAN02.

HM-SCREEN-Japan is a multicenter collaborative project in Japan to evaluate the clinical utility of a cancer genome panel in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The HM-SCREEN-JAPAN02 study used the Amoy Myeloid Panel with the HANDLE system, which enables efficient and rapid sequencing, as the genomic testing kit. The Amoy Myeloid Panel targets 53 genes with established clinical significance or high prevalence.

The Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Therapeutic Efficacy of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Gastric Cancer.

This biomarker study explored HER2 expression levels and immune cell characteristics that may affect response to T-DXd using tumor tissue samples collected from clinical trial participants. The results suggest that HER2 expression levels and tumor characteristics before the initiation of T-DXd may correlate with the efficacy of the drug.

Rheumatic Immune-Related Adverse Events With Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Positivity and Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: A Case Report.

We report the case of a patient who experienced rheumatic immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) positivity and cutaneous adverse drug reactions. A 59-year-old woman with malignant melanoma who was treated with nivolumab as postoperative adjuvant therapy developed polyarthralgia with anti-CCP positivity and dermatologic adverse events caused by celecoxib or lansoprazole. Her rheumatic and cutaneous symptoms greatly improved with oral glucocorticoid treatment.

Outcome of osimertinib-treated patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer requiring dose reduction: a secondary analysis of the Reiwa study.

Background: Osimertinib is effective in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, some patients require osimertinib dose reduction because of adverse events. This study assessed the characteristics of osimertinib dose reduction and compared the efficacies of reduced-dose and regular-dose osimertinib.

Mathematical modeling predicts optimal immune checkpoint inhibitor and radiotherapy combinations and timing of administration.

Radiotherapy (RT) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has attracted substantial attention due to its potential to improve outcomes for patients with several types of cancer. However, the optimal administration timepoints and drug combinations remain unclear because the mechanisms underlying RT-induced changes in immune checkpoint molecule expression and interaction with their ligand(s) remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated the dynamics of lymphocyte-mediated molecular interactions in tissue samples from esophageal cancer patients throughout RT schedules.

Cancer and disease profiles for PTEN pathogenic variants in Japanese population.

A germline alteration in the PTEN gene causes a spectrum of disorders conceptualized as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), which show high risk of tumor development and a highly variable and complex phenotype. The diagnosis of PHTS is established in a proband by identification of a heterozygous germline PTEN pathogenic variant on molecular genetic testing. In this study, to understand more PTEN-associated clinical phenotype and PHTS in a Japanese population, we extracted 128 germline PTEN rare variants from 113,535 adult Japanese registered in Biobank Japan (BBJ), and categorized 29 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in 30 individuals (0.

Prognostic impact of lymph node dissection in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a propensity score analysis.

Purpose: The clinical significance of lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with peripheral type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unclear. Although LND is usually performed for perihilar type ICC, there is no consensus on whether routine LND should be performed for peripheral type ICC. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of LND in patients who underwent hepatectomy for peripheral type ICC.

Early progressive disease within 2 years in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytoma may indicate radiation necrosis.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma without cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) homozygous deletion typically follows a slow clinical course. However, some cases show early progression on magnetic resonance imaging, and these characteristics remain under-reported. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma showing early progression on magnetic resonance imaging.

Clinical workload profile of medical physics professionals at particle therapy Centers: a National Survey in Japan.

The current research on staffing models is primarily focused on conventional external photon beam therapy, which predominantly involves using linear accelerators. This emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies to understand better and define specific particle therapy facilities' staffing requirements. In a 2022 survey of 25 particle therapy facilities in Japan with an 84% response rate, significant insights were obtained regarding workload distribution, defined as the product of personnel count and task time (person-minutes), for patient-related tasks and equipment quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC).

Nationwide survey on HER2 and PD-L1 testing practices in gastric cancer across Japan.

Background: Since HER2 and PD-L1 testing are key to selecting drugs for first-line treatments in advanced gastric cancer, evaluating differences in these tests among institutions is necessary to standardize treatment.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting institutions certified by the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association.

Results: Responses were obtained from 155 institutions.

Clinicopathological and molecular features of claudin-18 isoform 2 expression in patients with colorectal cancer: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) is expressed in multiple cancers and is a promising target for antitumor therapy. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the prevalence and characteristics of CLDN18.

Establishment and characterization of NCC-GCTB10-C1: a novel cell line derived from a patient with recurrent giant cell tumor of bone.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare osteolytic tumor composed of mononuclear stromal cells, macrophages, and osteoclast-like giant cells. While generally benign, GCTB has a high risk of local recurrence and can occasionally undergo malignant transformation or metastasis, posing significant clinical challenges. The primary treatment is complete surgical resection; however, effective management strategies for recurrent or advanced GCTB remain elusive, underscoring the need for further preclinical research.

Serum IL-6 concentration is a useful biomarker to predict the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: This study aims to identify biomarkers for treatment response of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo+Bev) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: 96 patients who received Atezo+Bev or lenvatinib as a first-line systemic therapy were enrolled as the training group after propensity score matching (PSM), and 42 patients treated with Atezo+Bev were enrolled as the validation group. 17 serum cytokines were measured by Luminex multiplex assay at the start of treatment.

Prevalence of HER3 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated With Systemic Chemotherapy.

Background: Although activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is linked to resistance to targeted therapies in several cancer types, the HER3 expression profile during pancreatic cancer treatment remains unknown.

Aims: We evaluated the HER3 expression status after chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and its association with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes.

Materials & Methods: We included patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent chemotherapy and whose post-treatment archival tissue specimens were collected.

Subtraction CT Improves Detectability of Mandibular Bone Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: Pretreatment evaluation of bone invasion in head and neck cancer is critical for treatment strategies. We investigated the usefulness of subtraction CT (SCT) in evaluating mandibular bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: This retrospective investigation included patients with OSCC who underwent surgery at the Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital between 2018 and 2022.