Cancer and schizophrenia.

Purpose Of Review: On the basis of articles published in 2018, 2019 and 2020, the first aim of this review is to present estimates of incidence rates and excess mortality of overall cancer and organ-specific cancers for patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population.The second aim is to explore if underdiagnosis and undertreatment can explain - at least partly - the increased mortality of cancer in patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population.

Recent Findings: Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia have an approximately 50% increased risk of death by cancer compared to age and sex-matched people in the general population.

Generalized neurocognitive impairment in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: The possible key role of slowed processing speed.

Objective: Widespread neurocognitive impairment is well-established in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for developing psychoses, but it is unknown whether slowed processing speed may underlie impairment in other neurocognitive domains, as found in schizophrenia. The study delineated domain functioning in a UHR sample and examined if neurocognitive slowing might account for deficits across domains.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 50 UHR individuals with no (n = 38) or minimal antipsychotic exposure (n = 12; mean lifetime dose of haloperidol equivalent = 17.

Patient-reported outcome measures in mental health clinical research: a descriptive review in comparison with clinician-rated outcome measures.

Purpose: To review how patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in mental health clinical research complement traditional clinician-rated outcome (CRO) measures.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Scopus.

Study Selection: Latest update of the literature search was conducted in August 2019, using a specified set of search terms to identify controlled and uncontrolled studies (published since 1996) of pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions in adults (≥18 years) in hospital-based mental health care.

Shared Decision Making in an Integrated Mental Health and Vocational Rehabilitation Intervention: Stakeholder Practices and Experiences.

Introduction: A Danish integrated mental health care and vocational intervention was developed to support the return-to-work process for people with common mental disorders. Shared decision making was a core element of the intervention to ensure a person-centred approach. The study aim is to describe how shared decision making was practiced and experienced and to discuss its potential in this integrated care context.

FUT2-ABO epistasis increases the risk of early childhood asthma and Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory illnesses.

Asthma with severe exacerbation is the most common cause of hospitalization among young children. We aim to increase the understanding of this clinically important disease entity through a genome-wide association study. The discovery analysis comprises 2866 children experiencing severe asthma exacerbation between ages 2 and 6 years, and 65,415 non-asthmatic controls, and we replicate findings in 918 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) birth cohorts.

Psychotic experiences in seven-year-old children with familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7; A population-based cohort study.

We aimed to examine the prevalence of psychotic experiences (PEs) in children with familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and, in exploratory analyses, to examine the possible associations between PEs and mental disorders as well as level of functioning. A cohort of seven-year-old children with FHR-SZ (N = 199), FHR-BP (N = 118) and controls (N = 196) was recruited through Danish nationwide registers. Lifetime PEs were assessed through interviews using the psychosis section of the 'Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime Version' (K-SADS-PL).

Associations between duration of untreated psychosis and domains of positive and negative symptoms persist after 10 years of follow-up: A secondary analysis from the OPUS trial.

Background: Long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been linked with more severe psychotic and negative symptoms. However, it is uncertain which specific psychotic and negative domains that are affected over time and if these are stable over the course of illness.

Objective: To examine whether DUP is associated with psychotic and negative symptoms measured longitudinally up to 10 years after initial assessment.

The genetic architecture of sporadic and multiple consecutive miscarriage.

Miscarriage is a common, complex trait affecting ~15% of clinically confirmed pregnancies. Here we present the results of large-scale genetic association analyses with 69,054 cases from five different ancestries for sporadic miscarriage, 750 cases of European ancestry for multiple (≥3) consecutive miscarriage, and up to 359,469 female controls. We identify one genome-wide significant association (rs146350366, minor allele frequency (MAF) 1.

Genome-wide association study identifies 16 genomic regions associated with circulating cytokines at birth.

Circulating inflammatory markers are essential to human health and disease, and they are often dysregulated or malfunctioning in cancers as well as in cardiovascular, metabolic, immunologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the genetic contribution to the physiological variation of levels of circulating inflammatory markers is largely unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide genetic study of blood concentration of ten cytokines, including the hitherto unexplored calcium-binding protein (S100B).

Collaborative care for depression and anxiety disorders: results and lessons learned from the Danish cluster-randomized Collabri trials.

Background: Meta-analyses suggest that collaborative care (CC) improves symptoms of depression and anxiety. In CC, a care manager collaborates with a general practitioner (GP) to provide evidence-based care. Most CC research is from the US, focusing on depression.

Interview and questionnaire assessment of cognitive impairment in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with cognitive test performance, psychosocial functioning, and positive symptoms.

Impaired cognitive test performance is well-documented in subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. However, assessment of cognitive deficits as manifested in real life is a neglected area of UHR research that may add to the understanding of cognitive impairment and its relationship with psychosocial functioning and positive symptomatology. This study applied the interview-based Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) and the questionnaire-based Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) in a cross-sectional sample of 39 UHR subjects and 50 healthy controls.

The effect of flexible assertive community treatment in Denmark: a quasi-experimental controlled study.

Background: Flexible assertive community treatment (FACT) is a community-based treatment model for patients with severe mental illness that has been widely implemented despite little evidence for its effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the effect of FACT on mental health care outcomes compared with treatment from standard community mental health teams (CMHTs) or assertive community treatment (ACT) teams in Denmark.

Methods: We did a quasi-experimental, propensity-score matched, controlled study in five FACT teams, four ACT teams, and five CMHTs in the Capital Region of Denmark.

Relationship between jumping to conclusions and clinical outcomes in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Background: Psychosis is associated with a reasoning bias, which manifests as a tendency to 'jump to conclusions'. We examined this bias in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) and investigated its relationship with their clinical outcomes.

Methods: In total, 303 CHR subjects and 57 healthy controls (HC) were included.

Association between neonatal homecare for preterm infants and incidence of severe postpartum depression in mothers.

Background: Understanding the association between neonatal homecare and postpartum depression could contribute to the design of evidence-based interventions to prevent postpartum depression. We aimed to determine whether the change from inpatient stays in neonatal intensive care units to offering neonatal homecare was associated with a reduced incidence rate of severe postpartum depression among mothers who gave birth prematurely.

Methods: We conducted a register-based population-wide study of all mothers who gave birth prematurely 1994-2017 to live-born infants and spent at least one night in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Polygenic risk score, psychosocial environment and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the polygenic liability for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the psychosocial environment impact the risk of ADHD in interaction or independently of each other. We conducted a register- and biobank-based cohort study of 13,725 individuals with ADHD and 20,147 randomly drawn population-based controls. These 33,872 cohort members were genotyped on the Infinium PsychChip v1.

Sex differences in trauma exposure and symptomatology in trauma-affected refugees.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations between sex, exposure to potentially traumatic events and pre-treatment symptomatology in trauma-affected refugees. We analyzed pre-treatment self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews from 318 refugees with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a specialized mental health clinic. Results show that twice as many females reported exposure to family violence (p = .

Gestational age-dependent development of the neonatal metabolome.

Background: Prematurity is a severe pathophysiological condition, however, little is known about the gestational age-dependent development of the neonatal metabolome.

Methods: Using an untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics protocol, we measured over 9000 metabolites in 298 neonatal residual heel prick dried blood spots retrieved from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank. By combining multiple state-of-the-art metabolome mining tools, we retrieved chemical structural information at a broad level for over 5000 (60%) metabolites and assessed their relation to gestational age.

Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism Precedes Onset of Psychosis.

Background: A key clinical challenge in the management of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is that it is difficult to predict their future clinical outcomes. Here, we investigated if the levels of circulating molecular lipids are related to adverse clinical outcomes in this group.

Methods: Serum lipidomic analysis was performed in 263 CHR individuals and 51 healthy control subjects, who were then clinically monitored for up to 5 years.

Children of Patients Undergoing Psychiatric Treatment: An Investigation of Statutory Support Services After Referrals to Child Protection Services.

Aims: Preventive interventions for children of parents with mental illness are widely recommended. Mental health services entrust concern for patients' children by referrals to child protection services. We investigated service coverage for children following referrals.